2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第23期

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1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题电阻越大，其消耗（dissipate）的能量（energy）就越多。【答案】The greater the resistance is, the more energy it dissipates.2. 翻译题It is the existence of and the ability to control precisely the two independent charge-transport mechanisms that make possible all junction semiconductor

2、devices.【答案】正是精确控制两个独立电荷传输机制的存在和能力使连接所有半导体器件成为可能。3. 单选题The design of this auditorium shows a great deal of _. We have never seen such a building before.问题1选项A.inventionB.illusionC.originalityD.orientation【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. invention 发明；创造 B. illusion 错误的观念；幻想C. originality 独创性；创意 D. orientation 方向；目标

3、【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：这个礼堂的设计展示了大量的。我们以前从未见过这样的建筑。根据句意，后半句说从未见过这样的建筑，说明这个礼堂的设计很独特，很有创意。设计对应独创性。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项invention“发明；创造”，该句讲的是礼堂的设计很有独创性因此感觉从未见过这样的建筑，而不是礼堂有很多发明，该选项不符合语境；B、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】这个礼堂的设计很有独创性。我们以前从未见过这样的建筑。4. 翻译题这些书都没有解释这一现象。【答案】None of these books explain the phenomenon.5. 单选题People

4、are criticizing the economic policies that have _ the decline of manufacturing industry.问题1选项A.assessedB.acceptedC.accessedD.accelerated【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. assessed 对进行评估 B. accepted 接受；相信C. accessed 接近；进入 D. accelerated 加速；促进【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：人们对制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。根据逻辑，因为是人们批评的，所以应该是人们认为有些经济政策会不利于

5、制造业的发展，可能会加速制造业的衰退，对于这些经济政策人们提出批评。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】人们对加速制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。6. 翻译题输出随输入的变化是很大的。【答案】The output varies greatly from the input.7. 单选题Mr. Smith became very _ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】【选项释

6、义】A. ingenious 精巧的；新颖独特的 B. empirical 经验主义的C. objective 客观的 D. indignant 愤慨的；愤怒的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：当有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一个错误时，他变得非常。根据逻辑，当有人指出自己错误的时候，人们会感到非常愤怒。因此史密斯先生被指出错误时会变得愤怒。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】当有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一个错误时，他变得非常愤怒。8. 单选题His remarks finally _ me that I had made the right d

7、ecision.问题1选项A.assuredB.ensuredC.reassuredD.insured【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. assured （向）保证 B. ensured 确保C. reassured 使安心；打消的疑虑 D. insured 投保【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：他的话终于我的决定是正确的。根据逻辑，他的话应该是打消我的顾虑，让我确信我的决定是正确的。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项assured“（向）保证”，并不是他的话保证我的决定是正确的，而是他的话使我安心，从而让我觉得我的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；B选项ensured“确保”，并不是

8、他的话确保我的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；D选项insured“投保”，该选项不符合语境。【句意】他的话最终打消了我的疑虑，我做了正确的决定。9. 单选题If you go to the park early in the morning, youll _ find Mr. Smith doing Taijiquan (traditional Chinese shadow boxing) there.问题1选项A.invariablyB.invalidlyC.innovativelyD.instantaneously【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. invariably 始终如一地；一贯

9、地 B. invalidly 无价值地；无用地C. innovatively 独创性地 D. instantaneously 瞬间地；稍纵即逝地【答案】A【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】句意：如果你一大早去公园，你会发现史密斯先生在那里打太极拳。根据逻辑，应该是会总是看到他在公园打太极拳。因此选A选项invariably“始终如一地；一贯地”。invariably相当于always，可引申为“总是”的意思。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应的逻辑关系。【句意】如果你一大早去公园，你总会发现史密斯先生在那里打太极拳。10. 单选题A hidden alarm under the

10、 cashiers table can be _ in case of emergency.问题1选项A.negotiatedB.initiatedC.launchedD.activated【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. negotiated 谈判；协商 B. initiated 开始；发起C. launched 发射 D. activated 激活【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下。根据逻辑，在紧急情况下，可以启动也就是激活警报器。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以

11、在紧急情况下启动。11. 单选题I am feeling too tired to drive any more, will you _?问题1选项A.turn overB.take overC.hand overD.go over【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. turn over 翻转 B. take over 接替C. hand over （把某事）交给负责 D. go over 仔细检查【答案】B【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我累得不能再开车了，你可以吗？根据句意，可知他已经很累了，不想继续开车，希望另一个人接替他开车。因此选B。【干扰项排除】C选项hand over“（把某

12、事）交给负责”指如果把某物移交给某人，就是把处理特定情况或问题的责任交给他们。该选项不符合语境；A、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】我觉得太累了，不能再开车了，你能代替我吗？12. 单选题Dr. Johnson was granted an honored title in _ of his valuable work for the college.问题1选项A.advancementB.acquisitionC.announcementD.acknowledgement【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. advancement 促进；推动 B. acquisition （知识、技能等的）获得；

13、得到C. announcement （指行动）宣布；宣告 D. acknowledgement （对事实、现实、存在的）承认；感谢；谢礼【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以他为学院所做的宝贵工作。根据逻辑，是由于约翰逊博士为学院做了贡献所以被授予荣誉称号，这个称号是用来感谢他的。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以表彰他为学院所做的宝贵工作。13. 单选题One of the attractive features of the course was the way the prac

14、tical work had been _ with the theoretical aspects of the subject.问题1选项A.embeddedB.embracedC.integratedD.synthesized【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. embedded 把牢牢地嵌入（或插入、埋入） B. embraced 抱；拥抱C. integrated （使）合并，成为一体 D. synthesized （通过化学手段或生物过程）合成【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：这门课程的一个吸引人的特点是，实践工作与该学科的理论方面。根据句意，这门课的特点应该是理论与实

15、践相结合。因此选C选项integrated“（使）合并；成为一体”，表示两者结合在一起。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】这门课程的一个吸引人的特点是，实践工作与该学科的理论方面相结合。14. 单选题Well _ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.问题1选项A.compensateB.remedyC.supplementD.retrieve【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. compensate 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） B. remedy 改正；纠正C. supplement 增补；补充 D. r

16、etrieve 取回；索回【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会。根据逻辑，住在别人的房子里时，如果造成损坏应该对房子的主人进行赔偿。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会赔偿的。15. 翻译题The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (电位差) across it provided there is no c

17、hange in the physical conditions of the conductor.【答案】如果对于导体没有任何物理变化，那么通过导体的电流正比于通过的电位差。16. 单选题There are some earth phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday is not of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergo, dramatic polarity reve

18、rsala period when north pole becomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the field generated, and why is it so unstable?Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 meters of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obta

19、ined measurements of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an

20、 inevitable long term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flipa process that takes several hundred thousand yearsthe magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to origina

21、te from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earths surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switc

22、h 730,000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. I

23、n fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid, geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earths inner physics. It certainly po

24、ints the direction for future research.1. Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage?2. The word “flip” (Para. 2) most probably means _.3. What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research?4. The French geophysicists study is different from currently prevailin

25、g theories in _.5. In Peter Olsons opinion the French experiment _.问题1选项A.Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of NatureB.Measurement of the Earths Magnetic-Field IntensityC.Formation of the Two Poles of the EarthD.A New Approach to the study of Geophysics问题2选项A.declineB.intensifyC.fluctuateD.r

26、everse问题3选项A.Some regularity in the changes of the earths magnetic field.B.Some causes of the fluctuation of the earths magnetic field.C.The origin of the earths magnetic field.D.The frequency of polarity reversals.问题4选项A.its identification of the origin of the earths magnetic fieldB.the way the ear

27、ths magnetic intensity is measuredC.its explanation of the shift in the earths polarityD.the way the earths fluctuation rhythm is defined问题5选项A.is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the earthB.has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversalsC.is certain to help predic

28、t external disastersD.has caused great confusion among the worlds geophysicists【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1. 【选项释义】Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage? 下面哪个标题最适合这篇文章？A. Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature A. 极性逆转：一种奇妙的自然现象B. Measurement of the Earth

29、s Magnetic-Field Intensity B. 地球磁场强度的测量C. Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth C. 地球两极的形成D. A New Approach to the study of Geophysics D. 地球物理学研究的新途径【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章第一段提出一些地球现象；文中第二段讲到两位法国地球物理学家的突破性研究；文章最后一段讲这两位物理学家用新方法进行研究得出的结论引起了广泛争论并总结“如果结果被证明是有效的，地球物理学家将有一个新的理论来指导他们了解地球内部物理。为今后的研究指明方向。

30、”综合全文，文章主要介绍了两位法国地球物理学家所作的开创性的研究及其在同行中引起的反响。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“极性逆转：一种奇妙的自然现象”，文中第一段提到该现象，但文章主要讲的是两位物理学家获得的突破性研究，该选项是对文章的片面概括，属于以偏概全；B选项“地球磁场强度的测量”，文中讲的是物理学家用新方法测量并引起争论，该选项是对文章的片面概括，属于以偏概全；C选项“地球两极的形成”，文中提及两极分化，但是是对文章的片面概括，属于以偏概全。2. 【选项释义】The word “flip” (Para. 2) most probably means _. 单词“flip”（第2段）的意

31、思最可能是_。A. decline A. 下降B. intensify B. 加强C. fluctuate C. 波动D. reverse D. 逆转【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 2与题干信息可定位到第二段“分析表明，强度似乎有一个清晰、明确的节奏波动。虽然磁场的强度在短期内不规则变化，但似乎在每次极性逆转（polarity reversal）之前都有一个不可避免的长期下降。当磁极翻转（poles flip）时这一过程需要数十万年磁场会迅速恢复其强度，循环往复。”根据上下文意思可推断，poles flip指的就是前面的polarity rever

32、sal。flip指的就是两级的逆转。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均与词义不符，属于曲解原文。3. 【选项释义】What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research? 这两位法国地球物理学家在他们的研究中发现了什么？A. Some regularity in the changes of the earths magnetic field. A. 地球磁场变化的一些规律性。B. Some causes of the fluctuation of the earths magnetic field. B.

33、地球磁场波动的一些原因。C. The origin of the earths magnetic field. C. 地球磁场的起源。D. The frequency of polarity reversals. D. 极性反转的频率。【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“分析表明，强度似乎有一个清晰、明确的节奏波动。（The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm.）虽然磁场的强度在短期内不规则变化，但似乎在每次极性逆转之前都

34、有一个不可避免的长期下降。当磁极翻转时这一过程需要数十万年磁场会迅速恢复其强度，循环往复。”由此可知是发现了磁场变化的一些规律，因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“地球磁场波动的一些原因。”，他们并没有发现原因，该选项属于反向干扰；C选项“地球磁场的起源。”，他们并没有发现起源，该选项属于反向干扰；D选项“极性反转的频率。”，由文章可知，他们是发现极性反转有一些规律，但是没有发现频率，该选项属于过度推断。4. 【选项释义】The French geophysicists study is different from currently prevailing theories in _. 法国地球

35、物理学家的研究在_不同于目前流行的理论A. its identification of the origin of the earths magnetic field A. 确定地球磁场的起源方面B. the way the earths magnetic intensity is measured B. 测量地球磁场强度的方式上C. its explanation of the shift in the earths polarity C. 解释地球极性转换方面D. the way the earths fluctuation rhythm is defined D. 定义地球波动节奏的方式

36、上【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段“一些理论将两极颠倒与诸如陨石撞击等外部灾难联系起来。但是巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯大学的地球物理学家Peter Olson说，法国研究人员是不可能正确的。事实上，奥尔森说，强度从一个逆转到下一个可预测的下降，与目前正在研究的90%的模型相矛盾。如果结果被证明是有效的，地球物理学家将有一个新的理论来指导他们了解地球内部物理。为今后的研究指明方向。”由此可知，很多物理学家将两极转换与陨石撞击等外部灾难联系起来，而法国学者认为这是不可能的，由此可推断他们在两极转换的观点上与流行的理论不同。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“确定地球磁场

37、的起源方面”，文中提到“磁场被认为起源于熔化的铁外核”，这是被公认的事实，因此他们并不是在该方面与目前流行理论不同，该选项属于反向干扰；B选项“测量地球磁场强度的方式上”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“定义地球波动节奏的方式上”，文中主要强调他们在两极转换上的理论与流行理论不同，该选项属于本末倒置。5. 【选项释义】In Peter Olsons opinion the French experiment _. 在彼得奥尔森看来，法国的实验是_。A. is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the e

38、arth A. 可能会指导对地球内部物理的进一步研究B. has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals B. 成功地解开了极性逆转的奥秘C. is certain to help predict external disasters C. 肯定有助于预测外部灾难D. has caused great confusion among the worlds geophysicists D. 在全世界的地球物理学家中引起了很大的困惑【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“如果结果被证明是有效的，地

39、球物理学家将有一个新的理论来指导他们了解地球内部物理。为今后的研究指明方向。（If the results prove to be valid, geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earths inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.）。”由此可知如果结果是正确的，可以对地球内部物理研究进行指导，因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“成功地解开了极性逆转的奥秘”，文中没有

40、体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“肯定有助于预测外部灾难”，曲解原文，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“在全世界的地球物理学家中引起了很大的困惑”，曲解原文，属于过度推断。17. 翻译题Light, durable (经久耐用), simple and inexpensive, such devices are warmly received by users.【答案】这种装置（重量轻、耐用、简单、价廉）受到用户的热烈欢迎。18. 翻译题美国人民非常钦佩中国几千年来在人类文化、宗教、哲学、艺术、科学和技术等领域做出的贡献。我们铭记着第二次世界大战期间两国的牢固伙伴关系。现在我们看到中国处在这样一个历

41、史时刻：你们目前气势磅礴的改革和更加美好的未来是可以和辉煌的往昔相提并论的。仅仅三十年前，中国基本上与世隔绝，现在中国参加了从航空领域到农业领域的一千多个国际组织，影响遍及国家的各个领域。你们已经较大地开放了贸易和投资领域。今天有四万年轻的中国学生在美国学习，另外还有几十万人在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和拉丁美洲学习。你们在经济和社会的改变过程中表现十分突出，你们从封闭的、指令性的经济体制过渡到蓬勃发展的、依靠市场力量的经济体制。近20年来，这种经济取得前所未有的增长。人们有更多的自由在国内外旅行；人们可以选举自己的村长；可以拥有自己的房子；可以选择自己的职业和上更好的学校。这样，你们使上亿人民脱贫，人

42、均收入在过去十年里翻了一番多，今天中国人民所过的生活是他们过去二十年来根本想象不到的。当然这些变化也打乱了一成不变的生活工作方式，也给环境造成极大的负担。过去，每一个城市公民都保证在国有企业有份工作，现在必须竞争。过去，工人只需要满足中央计划安排的要求。现在进入全球经济时代，这意味着你们必须和全世界的质量和创造性相竞争。在短期内，那些有能力的勤劳的人，至少有一部分也将会失业。正如你们所看到的，过去的20年的发展模式和能源使用模式，使中国在环境、经济、保健方面付出了巨大的代价：空气污染、树木减少、酸雨、水资源短缺。面对这些挑战，必须制定新的培训和社会保障制度体系。引进新的环保政策和技术，一方面使

43、经济增长，另一方面改善环境。【答案】The American people greatly admire Chinas contributions over thousands of years in the fields of human culture, religion, philosophy, art, science and technology. We remember the strong partnership between our two countries during the Second World War. Now we see China at a moment

44、in history when the momentum of your current reforms and the promise of a brighter future can be compared to the glory of your past. Virtually isolated just three decades ago, China is now a member of more than a thousand international organizations, from aviation to agriculture, affecting every sec

45、tor of the country. You have opened up your trade and investment sectors considerably. Today, 40,000 young Chinese students study in the United States, and hundreds of thousands more in Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America.You have distinguished yourselves in the process of economic and social cha

46、nge, from a closed, prescriptive economy to one that thrives on market forces. For nearly two decades, this economy has achieved unprecedented growth. People have more freedom to travel within and outside the country; People can elect their own village leaders; You can own your own home; You can cho

47、ose your own career and go to better schools. As a result, you have lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, and per capita income has more than doubled in the last 10 years. The Chinese people today are living lives they could never have imagined in the last 20 years.Of course, these c

48、hanges have disrupted the unchanging way of life and work and caused a great burden to the environment. In the past, every city citizen was guaranteed a job in a state-owned enterprise; now they must compete. In the past, workers only had to meet the requirements of central planning arrangements. It

49、s a global economy, and that means you have to compete with quality and creativity all over the world.In the short term, at least some of those who are able and industrious will also be out of work. As you can see, the pattern of development and the pattern of energy use over the last 20 years has t

50、aken a huge toll on Chinas environment, economy, and health: air pollution, fewer trees, acid rain, water shortages. Facing these challenges, new systems of training and social protection must be developed. The introduction of new environmental policies and technologies, on the one hand, will enable

51、 economic growth, and on the other hand, improve the environment.19. 单选题It would be _ to get a second opinion before taking any further action.问题1选项A.sensationalB.sensitiveC.senselessD.sensible【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. sensational 轰动的；引起哗然的 B. sensitive 体贴的；体恤的C. senseless 无意义的；无目的的 D. sensible 明智的；理智的【答案】D

52、【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：在采取进一步行动之前征求第二种意见是。根据句意，在行动前征求第二种意见是明智的，因为这样有利于做出更好的决定。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。【句意】在采取进一步行动之前征求第二种意见是明智的。20. 单选题If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to _ away all the rocks.问题1选项A.haulB.transferC.repelD.dispose【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. haul （用力）拖；拉；拽 B. transfer （使）转移；搬迁C. repel 击退；驱逐 D. dispose 排列；布置；安排【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：如果你想进入隧道，你必须先所有的岩石。根据句意，进入隧道前要把阻挡的岩石移走。因此选A选项正确，表示用力拖走岩石。【干扰项排除】B选项transfer“（使）转移；搬迁”，多指到新地方，到新的工作、学校、环境；该选项不符合语境；C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】如果你想进入隧道，你首先得把所有的石头都拖走。