2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷52

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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Although some people advocate terrorists, love of peace is the（ ）feeling of many people today.问题1选项A.dominantB.predominantC.paramountD.preeminent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。dominant意为“占优势的，占支配地位的”，强调权威；predominant意为“主要的，占主导地位的”，侧重主要的，有优势的；paramount意为“最高的，至上的” ；preeminent

2、意为“卓越的，杰出的”。句意：虽然有些人鼓吹恐怖分子，但热爱和平是当今很多人的主要态度。2. 翻译题Put the following 3 Chinese sentences into English and 3 English sentences into Chinese.事实上，与普通高校毕业生相比，名校毕业生由于享受更好的资源、受到更好的教育，所以他们也就更有创造力和生产力。而且，从知名高校毕业的学生会发现自己无论在心理上还是在学术上都更突出一些，因而也更加自信，这就形成了良性循环。几周以前，英国食品标准局(FSA)发表了一份报告。报告评估了有机生产的水果、蔬 菜、肉类、蛋类和奶制品等与

3、非有机生产的同类食品营养水平的差异。这是一项完整而严谨的研究。通过研究他们发现，在营养成分上，有机和非有机食品间的差距可以忽略不计。根据心理学家克里斯托弗彼得森的观点，自尊与幸福度和生活满意度有关。我们尊心越强，幸福度和生活满意度就越高。它要求我们对自己的自尊有清醒的认识，但不要期待自己会十全十美。要原谅自己犯下的错误，并尽快摆脱消极的态度。The obesity is a national health crisis, one thatquite literallyweighs on us all. It costs lives. It costs dollars. And in the c

4、ontext of our current health-reform debate in Washington, its time we took action, as a nation and as individuals, to address this cost. While infectious disease was a disaster threatening our grandparents generation, chronic disease is killing us and harming our well-beingand obesity is the root ca

5、use. The growth in obesity is strongly linked to heart disease, hypertension, and the explosion of diabetes that our country is currently experiencing.The context of leadership is changing, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modern companies and democracies, power is

6、increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Instead, there should be a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Power to Lead, stresses a combinati

7、on of hard and soft power, which is called smart power, is the best approach.For Emily Dickinson there are three worlds, and she lived in all of them, making them the substance of everything that she thought and wrote. There was the world of nature, the things and the creatures that she saw, heard,

8、felt about her; there was the estate that was the world of friendship; and there was the world of the unseen and unheard. From her youth she was looked upon as different. She was direct, impulsive, original, and the droll wit who said unconventional things which others thought but dared not speak, a

9、nd said them incomparably well. The characteristics, which made her inscrutable to those who knew her, continue to bewilder and surprise, for she lived by paradoxes.【答案】As a matter of fact, the graduates from elite schools are more creative and productive than those from common schools, as better re

10、sources and education are available for the former. Furthermore, what contributes to the better development is that the graduates from elite schools are more confident, because they find themselves outstanding both in mentality and in academy. A few weeks ago, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) in the

11、UK issued a report evaluating nutrient levels in organic versus non-organic foods like fruits, vegetables, meats, eggs, and dairy products. It is a complete, rigorous piece of research. And they found that, in terms of nutritional content, the differences between organic and non-organic foods are ne

12、gligible. The psychologist, Christopher Peterson, suggest that self-esteem is related to happiness and life satisfaction. The stronger the self-esteem is, the more happiness and life satisfaction you will achieve. We are required to have a reasonable understanding that self-esteem does not mean alwa

13、ys being perfect and we should forgive our mistakes and get rid of the negative attitude as soon as possible. 肥胖是一场全国性的健康危机，并且毫不夸张地说，它对我们大家都很重要。它危险生命、消耗金钱。目前在华盛顿进行的医疗改革谈论中，现在是我们作为一个国家和个人采取行动解决这一问题的时候了。虽然传染病曾威胁我们祖父母一代，但慢性疾病正在折磨着我们，侵蚀着我们的幸福，而肥胖是根本原因。肥胖的增长与我国目前正在经历的心脏病、高血压和糖尿病的爆发密切相关。 领导力发挥作用的环境正在发生改变，

14、因此过去强调硬实力的理论正逐渐过时。在现代企业和民主国家，权力日益扩散，传统的等级制度正在受到破坏，使软实力变得更加重要。但是那并不意味着高压政治现在应该让位于劝导手段。相反，应该综合这两种观点。领导的力量这本书的结论强调称为巧实力的软硬实力的结合才是最好的方法。 对艾米丽狄金森来说，存在三种世界，她生活在这三种世界之中，使它们成为她思想和写作的材料。一种是自然的世界，为她所看、所听、所感受到的事物和生物；一种是友情的世界，是属于“个人财产”；还有一种看不见、听不见的世界。从她年轻的时候起，人们就认为她与众不同。她直率、冲动、独树一帜。另外，她还是一位爱打趣的才女，是那种能说出别人想说去敢说说

15、的不合常规的想法，而且说得非常好。这些使她不为所知晓她的人所理解的性格特征继续令人迷惑和惊讶，因为她生活在矛盾之中。3. 翻译题With the Armistice of 1918, and the peacemaking of 1919 (and the 18th Amendment of the same year, that in theory made America a dry nation), the American prose-writer entered a new period of revolt. In some ways this was a continuation

16、of earlier movements. But the writers themselves did not think so; they acknowledged no kinship with prewar writers, except perhaps Theodore Dreiser. Henry Adams had said that the generations in American history were discontinuous: the younger did not learn from the older one, nor could it. Few of A

17、damss contemporaries would have agreed with him. However, his Education, when published in a popular edition in 1918, made an immediate appeal to young people who were convinced that if they knew none of the answers, at any rate they had clues of which their parents had no inkling. Since they learne

18、d from Adams, who was old enough to be their collective grandfather, it might seem that he disproved his own theory. Such an objection, though, would have been met with the argument that Adams could make contact with them because he was out of touch with his own era. The post-war generation, the Los

19、t Generationwhen had any age-group been so self-consciously aware of itself?laid eager claim to lost souls from the past. In reviving such figures as Melville it apologized for the stupidity of its ancestors.【答案】【参考译文】随着1918年第一次世界大战停战协定的签订和1919年调停的达成（同一年的第18版修正案在理论上让美国变成了一个“没有战事”的国家），美国散文作家进入了一个新的反叛

20、时期。从某种程度上来说，这是早期反叛运动的延续。但这些散文作家自己并不这么认为。除了西奥多德莱塞之外，他们不承认与战前的作家有任何密切关系。享利亚当斯称，在美国历史上，代与代之间是没有延续关系的：年轻的一代既没有，也不能向年长的一代人学习。亚当斯的同代人中很少有人赞同他的观点。然而，当他的教育一书在1918年以普及本被出版后，立刻引起了年轻人的兴趣。这些年轻人坚信，对于那些父辈们一无所知的问题，即便是他们也不知道答案，他们也至少知道一些相关的线索。由于他们向在年龄上可充当他们共同祖父的亚当斯学习，他似乎反驳了自己的理论。而这种反驳也早该和亚当斯做出的与之相关的言论符合，因为他与自己所在的时代没

21、有联系。战后的一代，即迷惘的一代有哪个年龄阶段的人曾如此清楚地意识到自己？热切地声称有权拥有从过去迷失的灵魂。在让诸如梅尔维尔等人物振作起来的过程中，迷失的一代为祖辈的愚蠢行为进行了道歉。4. 翻译题We have inherited a world of relative abundance, one where we can still for the most part meet our needs. We can be thankful for the wisdom of our forebears, who evidently took their responsibility fo

22、r the future seriously. Yet, imagine a world without the amazing diversity of species from which we now benefit, a world without decent soil to farm, air to breathe, or water to drink. Such a world is one that any generation could inherit if its predecessor did not find wisdom in its responsibility

23、to the future.What we are today depends to a great extent upon how we have been formed by the generations that have preceded us. When we look to future generations, our position toward them is analogous to the position of past generations toward us. We are the data out of which the future will be fo

24、rmed. What we are and do today will limit or create their options, and in this way we profoundly help to shape their destiny. What kind of world we leave to the future is essentially a question of moral responsibility.【答案】【参考译文】我们继承了一个相对富饶的世界，在这个世界里，我们仍能在很大程度上满足自己的需求。我们应该感谢我们祖先的智慧，他们显然认真地承担了他们对未来的责任

25、。然而，想象一个没有我们现在受益的惊人物种多样性的世界，一个没有像样的土壤可以耕种、没有空气可以呼吸、没有水可以饮用的世界，那么在这样的世界中，如果前辈们没有从对未来的责任中发现智慧，任何一代人都能对其进行继承。我们今天是什么样子，在很大程度上取决于我们的前辈如何塑造我们。当我们对将来的几代人负责时，我们对他们的态度就类似于过去几代人对我们的态度。我们是构成未来的“数据”。我们今天的状况和所作所为将会限制或塑造他们的选择，而通过这种方式，我们在他们命运形成的过程中具有深远意义。我们留给未来什么样的世界，从本质上说，是一种道德责任的问题。5. 单选题The surgical instrument

26、s have to be （ ）before use to prevent infection.问题1选项A.heatedB.scaldedC.sterilizedD.burned【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。heat意为“加热，变热”；scald意为“烫伤”；sterilize意为“消毒，灭菌”；burn意为“燃烧”。由句中后面的目的状语to prevent infection（为了预防感染）可知The surgical instruments（手术器械）应该消毒，因此选C。句意：手术器械使用前必须消毒，以防感染。6. 单选题He made some （ ）sketches which w

27、ould serve as guides when he painted the actual portrait.问题1选项A.primaryB.elementaryC.fundamentalD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。primary意为“首要的，主要的，初级的，最初的”，指处于初级或低级状态；elementary意为“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始阶段，或指学习某一学科或接受教育等处于入门阶段或只是刚刚接触的基本知识或原理； fundamental意为“基础的，基本的，根本的”，指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”指在正式开

28、始举某活动之前进行的“初步的、预备的”活动。由sketches（草图）可知选D。句意：他画了一些初步的草图，作为他画肖像之前的指导。7. 单选题Modem international joint ventures are more dynamic and different from （1）subsidiaries and similar organizational forms in the past, so traditional control systems may not be applicable. New forms of international management hav

29、e not been studied very much in their own right - for example,（2） on the use of accounting and other information to evaluate performance.Organizational design should include control mechanisms when an IJV is planned. The Macquarie Group, for example, boasts that the key to its success is a unique ma

30、nagement style that provides individual businesses with a balance between（3）freedom, controls on risk limits and observance of professional standards. The groups argument is that this policy encourages a sense of ownership and entrepreneurship and has produced（4） major financial innovations.Competen

31、t international managers consider also the varying levels of control by different parties to joint ventures. They are usually easier to manage either if one parent plays a dominant role in daily operations or if the local general manager has considerable management control (5） both parents out of mo

32、st of the daily operations).In any case, the more issues（6） before a merger, the less（7） to break up. Control over stability and success is built largely into initial agreements. Contracts specify responsibilities and rights. Where ownership is unequal, control and staffing choices（8） . ownership sh

33、are. In particular, choices of general managers influence relative allocation of control because they are responsible for running the venture and for coordinating relationships. Where ownership is divided among several partners, the parents tend to（9） daily operations to the local venture managers b

34、ecause this avoids many potential disputes. In addition, increased autonomy of the venture tends to reduce many common human resource problems such as staffing friction,（10）communication and clashing organizational cultures, resulting from conflicting goals and working practices.问题1选项A.adjacentB.hos

35、tC.fully ownedD.partly shared问题2选项A.little research has been undertakenB.a little research has been undertakenC.much research has been doneD.they have undertaken the research问题3选项A.operationB.operatedC.operativeD.operating问题4选项A.streams ofB.a stream ofC.a lotD.lots问题5选项A.makingB.avoidingC.turningD.k

36、eeping问题6选项A.which have been raisedB.put upC.that have been settledD.discussed问题7选项A.possibility there isB.likely it isC.impossible it isD.possible问题8选项A.will be proportionate toB.will be proportionateC.will proportionateD.will be proportional问题9选项A.employB.empowerC.divideD.delegate问题10选项A.blockedB.

37、blockingC.codedD.coding【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:B第9题:B第10题:A【解析】（1）考查逻辑关系。adjacent意为“邻近的，毗邻的”；host意为“主办，主持，东道主”；fully owned 意为“完成拥有”；partly shared意为“部分共享”；由空格后的subsidiaries（子公司）可知选C最符合逻辑，fully owned subsidiaries意为“全资子公司，完全控制子公司”。（2）考查逻辑关系。由前面的 have not been studied very much可知句子为否定

38、意义，故所举的例子也应含否定意义，little作形容词时，意为“几乎没有”，相当于一个否定词。a litter意为“有一点，有一些”，表示肯定的意思。因此选A。（3）考查分词。operate意为“运转，操作”，现在分词修饰某个名词，表示某人/某物本身具有这个现在分词所表示的特征，此处意为“这种风格为个体工商户提供运营自由，风险限制控制和遵守专业标准之间的平衡”。（4）考查固定搭配。 a stream of 为固定搭配，意为“一连串，大量的的”；alot是副词性短语，修饰动词；lots不单独适用，后面一般接of。此句意为：这组的论点是，这一政策鼓励了主人翁意识和创业精神，并产生了大量的重要金融创

39、新。（5）考查词义辨析。make out of意为“用制造出”；turn out of意为“把逐出”；keep out of意为“（使）不入内，（使）置身于之外”。此处表示“将母公司置身于大部分日常事务之外”，因此选C（6）考查逻辑关系。the more.the less意为“越越”，由前后逻辑关系可知，在合并前问题越多，之后出现分裂的就越少，C选项最符合逻辑，解决问题越多，就越（7）考查逻辑关系。the more.the less意为“越越”，由前后逻辑关系可知，在合并前问题越多，之后出现分裂的就越少，B选项最合逻辑，分裂的可能性就越少。此句意为：无论如何，和平前解决的问题越多，以后就越少可

40、能出现分裂。（8）考查词义辨析。be proportionate to意为“相称，相当”；be proportionate意为“成比例”；proportionate意为“成比例的”；proportional意为“比例的”。此处表示“在所有权不平等的情况下，管理和员工配置使所有权份额”，因此选B。（9）考查动词辨析。employ意为“雇佣”；empower意为“授权”；divide意为“分开”； delegate意为“委托，选派”，委派的代表(通常是参见谈判、会谈、协商、交流的)。 此处表示“双方将授权当地企业管理者日常操作权”，因此选B。（10）考查固定搭配。blocked communica

41、tion意为“沟通阻碍”。8. 单选题Flood,（ ）and famine are natural disasters often facing the people in the peninsula.问题1选项A.warB.sanctionC.overpopulationD.drought【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项war“战争，斗争，军事，竞争”；B选项sanction“制裁，处罚，认可，支持”；C选项overpopulation“人口过剩”；D选项drought“干旱，久旱”。句意：洪水、（ ）和饥荒是半岛人民经常面临的自然灾害。题干中主要谈论natural disaster

42、s自然灾害，空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D选项正确。9. 翻译题我国高等教育大众化过程需要更加关注4个问题：理解高等教育规模扩大的本原，加强人文素质教育，平衡优秀与平等的关系，协调大学与政府、市场间的关系。所有这些都要以明析高等教育哲学的一个根本问题为前提，即大学的根本使命和目标如何定位的问题。现代大学一定要使学生和公众都能够理解大学最终和最基本的使命是什么。大学不是提供获利的手段和就业单位的场所，而是要激发他们理性的光辉和力量，培养学生坚持长远地、全面地看待个人、社会与历史的发展所需要的能力。【答案】【参考译文】More attention should be paid to four is

43、sues during the massification of Chinese higher education: (1) how to understand the prime cause of the expansion of higher education; (2) how to reinforce liberal education; (3) how to balance the relationship between equality and excellence; and (4) how to harmonize the relationship between the un

44、iversity, the government and the market. All these are based on the orientation about the ultimate mission and goal of universities. Modern universities must make students and the public understand their ultimate mission. A university is not a place where stratagems for profits and opportunities of

45、employment are provided; rather, it should inspire students rationalistic potencies, cultivate their ability to look upon the development of individuals, society and history from a long-term and all-around perspective.10. 单选题A thorough study of biology requires _ with the properties of trees and pla

46、nts, and the habits of birds and beasts.问题1选项A.acquisitionB.acquaintanceC.discriminationD.justification【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项acquisition“获得物，获得；收购”；B选项acquaintance“熟人；熟悉；熟知；相识；了解；知道”；C选项discrimination“歧视；区别，辨别；识别力”；D选项justification“理由；辩护；认为有理，认为正当；释罪”。句意：彻底的生物学研究需要_树木和植物的特性以及鸟兽的习性。此处填“熟悉”一词最符合句意，所以B选项正

47、确。11. 翻译题Deepen educational cooperation in an all-round way to promote long-term development. Education is fundamental to a countrys enduring prosperity. It is necessary for us all to intensify exchanges and cooperation between educational and academic institutions, expand linkages between instituti

48、ons of higher learning and carry out youth, cultural and sports exchanges in diverse forms. In particular, we should increase educational assistance to less developed countries, promote two-way flow of educational resources and raise the educational level of our region.Strengthen international coope

49、ration in disaster reduction and relief in the spirit of helping those in need and assisting those in difficulty. As natural disasters know no national boundaries, they must be managed by cooperative efforts. In recent years, we have laid a good foundation of cooperation in responding to the sudden

50、strike of the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami and other major disasters. We should step up cooperation in developing a disaster early-warning system, sharing disaster information and reduction technology and enhancing disaster reduction capacity building to bring about harmony between social and

51、 economic development and the preservation of natural resources and the ecological environment.【答案】【参考译文】全面深化教育合作以促进长期发展。教育是一个国家长治久安的基础。我们都有必要去加强教育和学术机构之间的交流与合作，扩大高等院校之间的联系并以多种形式开 展青年、文化和体育交流。我们尤其应该增加对欠发达国家的教育援助，促进教育资源的双向流动并提高我们的教育水平。本着助危为安的精神，加强国际减灾救灾合作。自然灾害无国界，应对自然灾害需要各方共同的努力。近年来，我们在应对印度洋大地震、海啸和其他

52、重大灾害的突然袭击中已经奠定了一个良好的合作基础。我们应加强灾害预警系统建设、灾害信息和减灾技术共享、减灾能力建设等方面的合作，实现经济社会发展与自然资源和生态环境保护的和谐统一。12. 翻译题中国的电影行业已经步入了一个新阶段，始于七年前的行业结构改革使国内票房以年均3%的惊人速度达到一个新的增长水平，这在世界上也是不多见的。更多的优秀电影展现给了公众，这自然会吸引越来越多的观众走进电影院，也会激发投资商对该行业投资的热情，这的确是个良性循环。中央政府已经采取了新政策，帮助刺激国内市场的发展。随着国内与国际市场密切关系的建立，国产影片在海外的影响和竞争力一定会越来越大。中国也已经承诺，将按照

53、WTO协议进一步开放娱乐市场。当前，中国的电影制作人主要是自筹资金，但是新的筹资渠道正在出现。随着中国金融体制的完善，越来越多的电影电视公司依靠金融机构筹集资金，同时以票房收入、版权转让以及演员的个人声望做保障。【答案】【参考译文】Chinas film industry has entered a new stage. The structure reform of film industry starting from seven years ago has increased the domestic box office astonishingly in an average annu

54、al speed of 3% to a new level of growth, and this is also rare in the world.An increasing number of good movies will naturally attract more and more audiences into cinema and also stimulate the investors enthusiasm for investing in this industry, which is indeed a positive circle. The central govern

55、ment has adopted a new policy to stimulate the development of the domestic market. With the establishment of a close relationship between the domestic and international market, the influence and competitiveness of domestic films in overseas will certainly be increasing. China has also promised to fu

56、rther open its entertainment market in accordance with the WTO agreement.At present, the Chinas filmmakers mainly have funds raised by themselves, but the new financing channels are emerging. With the improvement of the Chinese financial system, more and more film and television companies are relyin

57、g on financial institutions to raise funds and at the same time using the box office earnings, copyright transfer and the actors personal popularity as guarantees.13. 单选题She had spent several days（ ）her lecture, so it was quite successful.问题1选项A.shiningB.pleadingC.pavingD.polishing【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选

58、项shining“闪烁，发亮，发光，擦亮，擦光”；B选项pleading“恳求，辩护，引证，承认”；C选项paving“铺设，铺（路）”；D选项polishing“打磨，擦亮，磨光”。句意：她花了几天时间润色自己的演讲稿，因此演讲相当成功。D选项polish还有“（使）优美；润饰（通过修改，作小的变动或增加新的内容）”的意思，如：polish an article/a speech润饰一篇文章/一篇演讲稿。因此D选项正确。14. 单选题Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the E

59、arths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Gran

60、d Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago

61、 the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that m

62、eandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually

63、 connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river