2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷61

《2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷61》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷61（17页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Health experts recommend leisurely meals.问题1选项A.paid forB.deletedC.gatheredD.regular【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。leisurely意为“不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的”；pay for意为“赔偿，付款，为付出代价”；delete意为“删除”；gather意为“聚集，集合”；regular意为“规则的，有规律的”。句意：健康专家建议从容饮食。2. 单选题She looked closely at the picture for a long t

2、ime （ ）every detail in it.问题1选项A.jeopardizingB.visualizingC.dissectingD.scrutinizing【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。jeopardize意为“危及，损害”；visualize意为“使形象化，想象，构思”；dissect意为“解剖(人或动植物)，仔细研究”；scrutinize意为“仔细检查，细致审查”。由空格后的“every detail（每一个细节）”可知D选项更为恰当。句意：她近距离看了这幅画很长一段时间，仔细观察了其中的每一个细节。3. 单选题The Romans （ ）a large part of E

3、urope and the Middle Fast.问题1选项A.submittedB.subduedC.oppressedD.predominated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。submit意为“顺从，服从”；subdue意为“征服”；oppress意为“折磨，压迫”；predominate意为“占优势，占主导地位”。句意：罗马人征服了欧洲大部分地区以及中东地区。4. 单选题Flood,（ ）and famine are natural disasters often facing the people in the peninsula.问题1选项A.warB.sanctionC.ove

4、rpopulationD.drought【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项war“战争，斗争，军事，竞争”；B选项sanction“制裁，处罚，认可，支持”；C选项overpopulation“人口过剩”；D选项drought“干旱，久旱”。句意：洪水、（ ）和饥荒是半岛人民经常面临的自然灾害。题干中主要谈论natural disasters自然灾害，空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding

5、 up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally environmentally and ethically beneficial.People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and

6、 many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide to Going Veg

7、etarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 2008 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and veg

8、etables will only make people healthier.Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the com and 95% of the oats grown in the U.S. are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the c

9、aloric needs of 8.7 billion people. One half of the water used in the United States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 lb. of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eat

10、ing animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a lot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pig

11、s that are repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born.Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the hea

12、lth of people, and to the health of the world.1.Why do some people become vegetarians?2.Which of the following statement is true according to the book A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?3.Why does the author say reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is environmentally beneficial ?4.What is the att

13、itude the author has toward eating meat?5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.They feel that eating animals is unethical.B.There are fewer livestock available due to the environmental pollution.C.The consumption of meat will lead to financial problem.D.Being a vegetari

14、an is beneficial to the protection of water问题2选项A.Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs.B.A meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients.C.Proteins can be found in almost every food.D.More than 80% of the corn in U.S. are fed to livestock.问题3选项A.People who eat meat usuall

15、y have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians.B.A lot of food and water are consumed in order to raise livestock.C.90% of animals are raised in confinement.D.Raising animals causes most of the destruction of the nature.问题4选项A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.None of the above.问题5选

16、项A.The Advantage of Eating Less Meat.B.Why People Become Vegetarian?C.Environmental Protection and Meatless Diet.D.Save Chickens, Save Birds.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical.（许多人成为素食者是因为他们觉得吃动物是不道德的）可

17、知A选项“他们觉得吃动物是不道德的”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food（根据Judy Krizmanic的青少年素食指南，几乎每种食物都含有蛋白质）可知C选项“蛋白质几乎可以在每种食物中找到”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的More than 80% of the com and 95% of the oats grown in the U.S. are fed to l

18、ivestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people. One half of the water used in the United States also goes to livestock;（美国80%以上的玉米和95%的燕麦用于饲养牲畜。单是世界上的牛就消耗了足够的食物，足以满足87亿人的热量需求。美国一半的用水也用于牲畜）可知饲养牲畜需要消耗大量的食物与水，如果人们减少食肉，那么所需种植食物的土地资源和水资源会减少，将有利于环境保护

19、，因此选B。4.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways.（吃动物在很多方面都是有害的）可知作者对吃肉持反对态度，因此选B。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出减少食肉对环境和道德都是有益的；第二段介绍了食肉的人通常比素食者的免疫系统弱；第三段介绍了饲养牲畜消耗了大量的食物与水，如果少食肉，那么可用的食物量就会增大；第三段介绍了许多人成为素食者是因为他们觉得吃动物是不道德的；最后一段总结概括消耗更少的肉有益于动物的健康、人们的健康以及世界的健康。因此A选项“少食肉的好处”符合题意。16. 单选题The odd noises

20、 and flashes of light in the empty house completely baffled him.问题1选项A.horrifiedB.surroundedC.perplexedD.surprised【答案】C【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项horrified“惊骇，使惊悚”；B选项surrounded“包围，围住”；C选项perplexed“困惑，迷茫，惶恐”；D选项surprised“使惊奇，惊讶”。句意：空房子里奇怪的声音和闪光把他完全弄糊涂了。Baffle“使困惑；使受挫折”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Winston became

21、quite avaricious in his late life.问题1选项A.feebleB.greedyC.blatantD.forgetful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。8. 翻译题Translate the following into English随着年岁的增长，精力日减，效率渐低，作风渐延：激情有失，理智有增。看来，这样的互易不可能总是

22、得失相当的。但是，一定的年龄总有一定的长处。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度过了部分盛年，在未来的经历中，依然会有另一种盛年期的出现。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才达到顶峰。原始人一旦由于周围的许多令人愉快的情景而第一次开口大笑了，又由于笑对周围所产生的那些明显的愉快的效果，笑就开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃、古板的同事更能享受到社会的优惠，从而使自己处于有利的地位。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。当今的世界，即非丝绸之路的吋代，亦非马可波罗(Marco Polo)吋代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小时

23、。从中国区地球另一端的美国，也能在日历的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明的共同成果。【答案】As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at every age, there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if youve p

24、assed some of your “primes”, you still have other prime years to experience in the future. It seems that some prime period will reach its peak later in our life. Once the primitive men burst out laughing for the first time because of something pleasant around them, and then the laugh brings the obvi

25、ously pleasant effect around, the laugh has had value that the human beings is holding. The person who possesses the ability to spread happiness by bright and clear laugh will get more social benefits than his serious and stuffy colleagues, which gets him in an advantageous position. Thus he becomes

26、 a “good mixer” who is commended by others, especially gifted socially. The world today is neither the era of Silk Road, nor the age of Marco Polo. It just takes about two hours from Shanghai to Tokyo. On the same day on the calendar, you also can arrive in the United States on the other side of the

27、 earth from China. The far geographic distance of the old days has been shortened to an unbelievable extent by modern science and technology. Its the common achievements brought about by the progress of human civilization. 9. 单选题The campers have to make do with the old equipment.问题1选项A.do withoutB.r

28、eplaceC.manage withD.repair【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。make do with意为“设法应付”；do without意为“没有也行，将就”；replace意为“替换，代替”；manage with意为“设法对付，用设法对付”；repair意为“恢复，修理”。句意：露营者不得不凑合着使用这些旧装备。10. 单选题The（ ）of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ori

29、gin“起源、来源”，往往与过去的活动、风俗、事件等有关；B选项generation“产生、发生”，通常经过生产、操作等过程；C选项descent“遗传，派生，世系”；D选项cause“原因，因由”，一般指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：那个词的起源虽不为人所知，但肯定不是来自希腊语。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题Those who are _ of all common sense would be easily taken in by tricks that are frequently exposed by the wise.问题1选项A.deprivedB.devoidC.stripped

30、D.snatched【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项deprived“贫困的，穷苦的，严重匮乏的；（人）丧失的，被剥夺的”；B选项devoid“缺乏的；全无的”；C选项stripped“剥去的”；D选项snatched“一把抓起；夺去；抓紧时间做；反败为胜”。根据固定搭配be devoid of“缺乏；没有的；毫无的；没有”可知句意为：那些缺乏常识的人很容易上当，而这些花招往往是由智者揭露的。所以B选项正确。12. 单选题Both parties promised to（ ）the contract to be signed the following day.问题1选项A.keep w

31、ithB.tangle withC.adhere toD.devote to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。keep with意为“陪伴”；tangle with意为“与吵架，与争论”；adhere to意为“遵循，依附，坚持”；devote to意为“专用于做，专心于做”。句意：双方都承诺遵守次日将要签署的合约。13. 单选题If a foreign object becomes lodged in the eye, medical help is necessary.问题1选项A.deposited inB.resided inC.blurry toD.isolated from【答案】A

32、【解析】考查词组辨析。lodge in意为“固定在，留在”；deposit in意为“存放，存在”；reside in意为“居住，存在于”；blurry to意为“模糊到”；isolate from意为“与隔离”。句意：如果有异物卡在眼睛内，需要医疗救助。14. 单选题This product is（ ）to change without notice.问题1选项A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be subject to“受支配，从属于；常遭受；有倾向的”。A选项despite的常用搭配有in despite of / despit

33、e of不管，不顾；B选项evil的常用搭配有speak evil of 说坏话；诽谤/ do evil 作恶；为非作歹；干坏事；造孽；D选项crust“地壳，地表，坚硬外壳”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本产品（ ）更换，恕不另行通知。根据句意可知C选项更符合句意，因此C选项正确。15. 单选题By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can（ ）the surroundings.问题1选项A.exploreB.exposeC.exploitD.expand【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。explore意为“勘查，探测”；expo

34、se意为“揭露，揭发”；exploit意为“利用，开采”；expand意为“扩大，增加”。由句中的“the radar（雷达）”可知其作用是用来探测，因此选A。句意：通过将雷达波束缓慢地绕着圈移动，我们可以探测周围环境。16. 单选题He was asked to be the（ ）of the badminton game because he was an impartial person.问题1选项A.judgeB.umpireC.fanD.controller【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。judge意为“法官，审判员”，泛指各种场合中的评判人员；umpire意为“裁判员”多用于仲裁者

35、本身不需随比赛移动位置，如羽毛球、游泳、板球、棒球等；fan意为“迷，狂热爱好者，风扇”；controller意为“(尤指大型机构或部门的)管理者，控制者”。由the badminton game（羽毛球比赛）可知选B。句意：他被要求担任羽毛球比赛的裁判，因为他是一个公正的人。17. 单选题The American society is laid on an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.问

36、题1选项A.established onB.affiliated onC.originated fromD.incorporated with【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。be laid on意为“被放置在上面”；be established on意为“被建立在上面”；没有be affiliated on这样的搭配，affiliate意为“使隶属，加入”；be originated from意为“源自于”；be incorporated with意为“与合并”。句意：美国社会建立在一个自然资源极其不稳定的基础上，这可能与环境的恶化有关。18. 单选题Standing on the rim o

37、f the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.M

38、any millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the cou

39、rse of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still goi

40、ng on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended its

41、elf eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than

42、10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river

43、 acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.In the first sent

44、ence the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that（ ）.3.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyons.C.The increasing pollution of the Colorad

45、o River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.问题2选项A.it was caused by some ancient convulsionB.its presence is an embarrassment to the State of ColoradoC.it looks like an injury on the Earths surfaceD.it is caused many visitors to injure themselves问题3选项A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.

46、It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大峡谷主要是由于缓慢而有序的侵蚀作用形成；第二三段对大峡谷形成的原因和过程进行了仔细分析；最后一段进一步介绍大峡谷的进一步形成是由于各种力的作用。因此B选项“大峡谷形成的各种力”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Sta

47、nding on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（站在大峡谷的边缘，凝视着地球表面这个巨大的伤痕，游客可能会认为峡谷是由一些古老的震动造成的）可知C选项“看上去像是地球表面的伤痕”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Pushing slowly backward into the plate

48、au, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（缓慢地向后推进高原，旁边的峡谷露出新的岩石，侵蚀模式继续进行）可知大峡谷的轮廓在不断变化，因此选A。19. 单选题The vitamins are needed for（ ）foods into energy and body maintenance.问题1选项A.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transforming【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。shift意为“转移，挪动”，指位置的改变，切换；tra

49、nsfer意为“转移，调动”，指的是转换工作、学习、搬迁等外在的改变，而物体自身并没有变；alter意为“改变，更改”，指替换（用一个替换另一个）；transform意为“改变”，指形状、外形的改变，物体本身自己形态的改变。句意：维生素是将食物转化为能量和维持身体所必需的。20. 单选题Tony has not the least（ ）of giving up his research work.问题1选项A.intentionB.interestC.wishD.desire【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intention“打算，意图，意向”，后可接of 短语，也可以接不定式短语；B选项interest“兴趣，爱好，利息，趣味”，后接介词in；C选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福”与D选项desire“欲望；要求，心愿”后一般接不定式。句意：托尼毫无放弃其研究工作的打算。因此A选项正确。