2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第3期

《2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第3期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第3期（24页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There is supposed to be a safety（ ）which makes it impossible for trains to collide, thus it can avoid heavy losses.问题1选项A.applianceB.accessoryC.machineD.mechanism【答案】D【解析】句意:应该要有一个可以避免火车相撞的机制，从而避免重大损失。考查名词辨析。appliance 器具，器械，装置，家用电器；accessory 配件，附件，法从犯，（衣服的）配饰；m

2、achine 机械；mechanism 机制，机械 装置。因此D符合句意。2. 单选题As a junior assistant manager, he had been selected for（ ）.问题1选项A.interruptionB.promotionC.considerationD.intuition【答案】B【解析】句意:作为一个年轻的副经理,他已被选中为提拔对象。考查名词辨析。Interruption 中断时间,打扰,插嘴; promotion 提升,提拔,晋升; consideration仔细考虑,深思,斟酌; intuition直觉力,(一种)直觉。故B符合句意。3. 单

3、选题Birds that are literally half asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking i

4、nto the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alert

5、ness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, in the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing（打盹）at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rat

6、her than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing lime versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.We believe this is the first evidence for an

7、 animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye

8、 on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror. The niirroi-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half-sleeping might be, ifs only

9、 been found in birds and such water mammals （哺乳动物） as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if bir

10、ds half-brain sleep is “just the tip of the iceberg （冰山）He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that（ ）.2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because（ ）.3. The example of a bird sleeping in fron

11、t of a mirror indicates that（ ）.4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to（ ）.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2, last Para), Siegel suggests that（ ）.问题1选项A.birds can control their half-brain sleep consciouslyB.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain

12、at restC.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsD.half-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves问题2选项A.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companionsB.the two halves of their brain are differently structuredC.they have to watch out for possible attacksD.their brain hemis

13、pheres take turns to rest问题3选项A.birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityB.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadC.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirrorD.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security问题4选项A.avoid being swept away

14、 by rapid currentsB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.alert themselves to the approaching enemyD.be sensitive to the ever-changing environment问题5选项A.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other speciesB.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersC.the mystery

15、 of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedD.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。A:鸟类能有意识地控制其半脑睡眠, 第一段指出: Birds that are literally half asleepwitli one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awa

16、ke, according to a new study of sleeping ducks (一项对睡着的鸭子的最新研究发现，实际上半睡眠状态的鸟类（即一个大脑半球保持警惕，另一个大脑半球保持睡眠）能控制大脑的哪一边保持醒着),因此A正确。B :鸟类很少在其整个大脑休息的情况下睡觉,文章并未提及。C:半脑睡眠在很多鸟类中被发现,第一段指出: Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds (更早期的研究记录了很多鸟类有半睡眠情况),但题干问的是:一项关于鸟类睡眠的新研究表明,因此不选C项。D:

17、 以缓慢的脑电波为特点的半脑睡眠, 由第段中“The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves.大脑半球轮流陷入以缓慢的脑电波为特点的睡眠状态”指D项不正确。2.细节事实题。第五段指出:The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enem

18、ies (这些结果为单独的脑半球睡眠随着生物观察敌人而演化这一长期存在的猜测，提供了最佳的证据),因此C项“它们不得不戒备可能的袭击”正确。3.判断推理题。第五段指出: The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts (他预测对在警戒一边张开眼睛的偏好可能广泛存在), The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open (镜子一边的眼

19、睛闭着，好似映像是一个同伴，而另外的一只眼睛却保持张开),由此可知D “甚至一个想象的同伴都能给鸟一种安全感”正确。4.细节事实题。倒数第二端指出: Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning (或许保持大脑边醒着可让一个睡着的动物偶尔浮出水面来避免被淹死)。故选B:不时地从水中上浮来呼吸。5.判断推理题。由题干定位至最后一段第二行: He speculates that more examples may turn

20、up when we take a closer look at other species (推测，当我们更近距离地观察其它物种吋，更多例子（即文中提及的半睡眠的例子）可能出现),因此选A:半脑睡眠是一个可能存在于其它物种间的现象。4. 单选题Stars twinkle（ ）the turbulent state of the air through which their light passes.问题1选项A.in spite ofB.as a result ofC.in addition toD.with regard to【答案】B【解析】句意:星星的闪烁是由星光穿过湍流状态的空气而

21、形成的。考查短语辨析。in spite of 尽管，不管，不顾；as a result of 因此，由于；in addition to 除之外；with regard to 关于，至于。因此B符合句意。5. 单选题He has given（ ）excuses for being late; but none of them is true.问题1选项A.numberB.numeralC.numerableD.numerous【答案】D【解析】句意:他给出很多迟到的理由，但是没有一个是真的。考查形容词辨析。number 数字，号码；numeral 数字，数码;numerable 可数的，可计算的

22、；numerous 很多的，许多的。根据后面句意“但是没有一个是真的”可知D符合句意。6. 单选题In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.N

23、owadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients -even when those patients are their parents. This deprives the dying patient of significant family members during the la

24、st few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience.Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more bene

25、fit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients

26、 communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies. Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on th

27、eir medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death.1. The elders of contemporary Americans（ ）.2. Children

28、in America today are denied the chance（ ）.3. Five hundred critically ill patients were investigated with the main purpose of（ ）.4. The need of a dying patient for company shows（ ）.5. It may be concluded from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.were often absent when a family member was born or dyingB.were qu

29、ite unfamiliar with birth and deathC.usually witnessed the birth or death of a family memberD.had often experienced the fear of death as part of life问题2选项A.to learn how to face deathB.to visit dying patientsC.to attend to patientsD.to have access to a hospital问题3选项A.observing how they reacted to the

30、 crisis of deathB.helping them and their families overcome the fear of deathC.finding out their attitude towards the approach of deathD.learning how to best help them and their families问题4选项A.Iiis desire for communication with other peopleB.his fear of approaching deathC.his pessimistic attitude tow

31、ards his conditionD.his reluctance to part with his family问题5选项A.dying patients are afraid of being told of the approach of deathB.most doctors and nurses understand what dying patients needC.dying patients should be truthfully informed of their conditionD.most patients are unable to accept death un

32、til it is obviously inevitable【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出: In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life (在过去,孩子们对出生和死亡非常熟悉,是他们生活的部分),以及:This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a ba

33、by and have never experienced the death of a family member (现在的孩子可能是从未目睹要儿的降生和亲人的死亡的第一代美国人)。由此推断C项 “(当代美国老年人)常目击家庭成员的出生或死亡”正确。2.判断推理题。第二段指出: When they get sick we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients even when those patients are their parents (当他

34、们生病时候就被转移到医院,而小孩却被禁止去看望甚至是自己父母的临终病人)。由此推断B项“探望临终父母”正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: .in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well (为了发现他们（即临终的病人）能让我们明白什么,和我们怎样能帮助他们和他们的家人),由此可知D项 “学习如何最好地帮助他们和他们的家人”正确。4.判断推理题。最后一段指出

35、: Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble (我们采访的大多数病人欢迎另一个他们能与之坦率、真诚且坦白地谈及自己疾病的人),因此A项 “他渴望与他人交流”正确。5.判断推理题。A:临终的病人害怕被告知死亡的来临,C: 临终病人应该被诚实地告知自己的病情,最后一段指出: Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be inf

36、ormed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near (他们（即我们采访的临终病人）中的很多人都表现出希望被告知自己的病情,希望能够了解自己病情的最新情况,并且希望知道死亡什么时候来临),由此可知A项不正确,C项正确。B:大多数医生和护士了解临终病人的需求,第四段指出: It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients communicat

37、ions in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies (为了真正懂得他们的需求、恐惧和梦想,了解这些病人的信息对家庭成员、医生和护士而言是重要的),因此B项不正确。D:大多数病人直到死亡己然成定局吋才接受,最后一段指出:We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true

38、 stage of acceptance prior to death (我们发现那些被公开坦诚地对待的病人在对待死亡的临近和接受死亡的问题上处理得更好),因此D项不正确。故选C。7. 单选题The government has devoted a larger slice of its national（ ）to agriculture than most other countries.问题1选项A.resourcesB.potentialC.budgetD.economy【答案】C【解析】句意:相比大多数其它国家，这个政府将其较大部分的预算用于农业发展。考查名词辨析。resources

39、资源，财力，才智;potential 潜能，可能性，电势；budget预算，预算费；economy经济，节约。因此C符合 。8. 单选题He seems（ ）any persuasion for he never changes his mind once he made a decision.问题1选项A.responsive toB.immune toC.obedient toD.consistent with【答案】B【解析】句意:他似乎不为任何劝告所动，因为他一旦下定决心就从来不改变主意。考查形容词辨析。be responsive to 对敏感，对有应答； be immune to 对

40、免疫，不受感染/影响；be obedient to 服从；be consistent with 与致。根据后文中的 for he never changes his mind once he made a decision (因为他一旦下定决心就从来不改变主意)可知，前文应该是对任何的劝告(any persuasion)都无动于衷，故选B。9. 单选题Land belongs to the city; there is（ ）tiling as private ownership of land.问题1选项A.no such aB.not suchC.not such aD.no such【答案

41、】D【解析】句意:土地属于城市，没有诸如土地私人所有的事情。考查固定句式。there is no such thing as. 没有如样的事情。10. 单选题Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone（ ）an opportunity to hear the speech.问题1选项A.ought to haveB.must haveC.may haveD.should have【答案】D【解析】句意:扬声器被安装在走廊，以便所每个人都有机会听到这个演讲。语法题。考查情态动词。ought to （表示责任、义务等）应该；应当；mus

42、t （因为强迫、道义或理智及好感的驱使）必须，应当；may （表示可能性）可能，也许；should （表示可能性、期待、推论等）应该，可能或做为shall (将，一定会（按规律会发生）)的过去形式。因此D符合句意。11. 单选题My daughter lias walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk（ ）far.问题1选项A./B.suchC.thatD.as【答案】C【解析】句意:我女儿今天己经步行了8英里。我们从未想到她能步行那么远。考查连词辨析。Such是代词或限定词表示“这样（的）”，一般不修饰形容词

43、；that （与表数量或范围的形容词和副词连用）那样，那么；as 同样地；和一 样的。因此C符合句意。12. 单选题So far, the government of that country lias done（ ）nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.问题1选项A.perceptiblyB.vitallyC.practicallyD.identically【答案】C【解析】句意:到目前为止，那个国家的政府事实上没有做任何事情去应对核事故胁。考查副词辨析。perceptibly显然地，看得出地；vitally 紧要地，生死攸关地；

44、practically 几乎，事实上；identically 同一地，相等地。因此C符合句意。13. 单选题Computers are employed to process census data and to（ ）such financial business as collecting taxes.问题1选项A.facilitateB.fabricateC.fortifyD.falsify【答案】A【解析】句意:电脑被用来处理普查数据和辅助金融业务,比如收税。考查动词辨析。facilitate 促进,促使,使便利;fabricate 制造,伪造;fortify (尤指)筑城防御;(在物质

45、或精神上)加强,增强;增强(感觉或态度);falsify 伪造,歪曲。空格处动词的宾语为“financial business (金融业务)”,因此A符合句意。14. 单选题The new miracle of the medical world is the stem cell, a marvel of human nature in that it can become any of nearly 220 cell types that constitute the human body. It is often called a blank cell that can be progra

46、mmed to become other cells. Researchers predict that, by using stem cells, they can create organs that can be transplanted into people who desperately need them to save their lives. The most common source of stem cells is the human embryo, the initial stage of human life after a female egg is impreg

47、nated by a male sperm. In this very fact lies an ethical conundrum that has rocked both the medical and political landscape of the United States and other countries. Coupled with this is new research in cloning, which has seen some success in developing animal species without the use of normal birth

48、ing procedures. All of these areas of research are making quite a few people nervous about both the sources of stem cells and where the research is taking mankind.Most stem cell-containing embryos come from four different sources: fertility clinics which often store more human embryos than are neede

49、d; fetuses from unwanted pregnancies that are aborted; therapeutic cloning, which is when a human egg is stimulated into an embryo-like state; and custom-fertilization in which a human egg is deliberately fertilized with sperm to create an embryo in order to harvest its stem cells. Morally many peop

50、le are outraged by these sources, claiming that human life is not something that should be tampered with and created just for scientific and medical purposes. At the core of this debate is the issue of what really constitutes a human being, with one side claiming a human does not exist until born fr

51、om its mother while the other side claims that once egg and sperm meet, life has begun.The United States government has taken an active role in the debate and is consciously looking at the voting booth while making decisions regarding stem cell research. The government gave the go-ahead for federal

52、spending on stem cell research but limited activity to specimens that already existed, meaning no new embryos could be created solely for stem cell research. Similar laws regarding cloning research have been proposed, including therapeutic cloning. Many universities and research centers worry that t

53、hese laws may cause their best and brightest scientists to seek appointments overseas, where stem cell research is not so controversial.1. According to the first paragraph, a stem cell is unlike other cells because（ ）.2. According to the second paragraph, all of the following are sources of stein ce

54、lls EXCEPT（ ）.3. According to the second paragraph, the main debate concerning stem cell sources revolves around（ ）.4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?5.According to the third paragraph, American universities and

55、research institutes are worried about（ ）.问题1选项A.it has at least 220 different partsB.it can develop into any other cellC.it has been used to cure illnessD.it is at the center of a controversy问题2选项A.artificially impregnated womenB.human eggs that act like they are fertilizedC.embryos made for people

56、who cannot conceiveD.the remains of unwanted babies1. （ ）.问题3选项A.how they are extracted from the sourceB.what the stem cell are used forC.the methods used to produce themD.when someone believes life begins问题4选项A.The United States government is involved in the debate on stem cells only because it is

57、worried about the voters.B.The voters are making the United States government worried about its position on stem cell research.C.The issue of stem cell research is one that United States voters are concerned aboutD.The United States governments decisions on stem cell research reflect what its voting

58、 public wants.2. （ ）.问题5选项A.not getting enough funds for stem cell researchB.losing people for better opportunities elsewhereC.having the government shut down their operationsD.having to find new sources of stem cells【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: The new miracle of the medical worl

59、d is the stem cell, a marvel of human nature in that it can become any of nearly 220 cell types that constitute the human body(医学界的新奇迹是干细胞。令人惊叹的是，它可以成为构成人体的近220种细胞中的任何一种),故选B“它能发展成任何其它的细胞”。2.细节事实题。题干问:根据第二段,以下哪项不是干细胞的来源。A:人工怀孕的女性,B:类似于已受精状的人类卵子,C:为不孕的人所做的胚胎,D:意外怀孕产出的婴儿的遗体。根据题干定位至第二段: Most stem cell-

60、containing embryos come from fourdifferent sources: fertility clinics which often store more human embryos than are needed; fetuses from unwanted pregnancies that are aborted; therapeutic cloning, which is when a human egg is stimulated into an embryo-like state; and custom-fertilization in which a

61、human egg is deliberately fertilized with sperm to create an embryo in order to harvest its stem cells(大多数包含干细胞的胚胎来自四个不同的来源：经常储存有多余人类胚胎的产科；因意外怀孕而被流产的胎儿； 治疗性克隆（即人类卵子被刺激成胚胎状）和特定的受精（即人类卵子被故意地与精子受精来创造一个胚胎，以便获取其干细胞）),因此只有A未被提及。故选A。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: At the core of this debate is the issue of what really cons

62、titutes a human being, with one side claiming a human does not exist until born from its mother while the other side claims that once egg and sperm meet, life has begun(这场争论的中心是什么真正地构成了人类，一方的人宣称直到从母亲身体生出来之后，人才真正存在，然而另一方的人却宣称一旦卵子和精子结合生命就开始了)。故选D“人们认为生命是从何吋开始”。4.判断推理题。最后一段划线句句意为:美国政府己积极参与这场争论，在做有关干细胞研

63、究的决定吋正有意识地看着投票站。由此可知D项“美国政府有关干细胞研究的决定反映出其投票的公众的需求”正确。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Many universities and research centers worry that these laws may cause their best and brightest scientists to seek appointments overseas, where stem cell research is not so controversial(很多大学和研究中心担心，这些法律可能导致它们优秀和最杰出的科学家们前往干细胞研究没有如此有争议的海外寻求职位