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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any （ ）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不

2、能获得任何股息。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题A few months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundreds of people to watch their companys official introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对

3、立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。3. 翻译题国家统计局（NBS）周五发布的2018年全国睡觉时间使用情况调查报告揭示了中国人平均每天的时间分配情况。这包括了他们的工作、睡觉、家务、休闲娱乐等不同活动。这项调查显示，低收入人群平均看电视的时间为每天1小时50分钟。这比中等收入人群多15分钟，比较高收入组多32分钟，比高收入

4、人群多46分钟。国家统计局高级统计员金红表示，2008年和2018年的时间使用情况调查显示，中国人均生活质量有所改善。Section B Translate the following passage into English.【答案】The 2018 National Survey Report on the Utilization of Bedtime, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Friday, revealed how Chinese people to allocate their dailys tim

5、e averagely. This includes work, sleep, housework, recreation and other different activities. According to the survey, the average time of low-income group watching TV is 1 hour and 50 minutes a day, which is 15 minutes more than medium-income group, 32 minutes more than the high-income group and 46

6、 minutes more than the high-income group. Jinhong, a senior statistician at the NBS, said that the quality of life per capita in China had improved, which was showed by the survey on situation of time utilization in 2008 and 2018.4. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the start o

7、f the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appeared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。5. 写作题Directions: “Publish or perish” is well-known i

8、n the academic world. Do you agree or disagree with this view points. Please express your opinion in about 150 words.【答案】略6. 单选题Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible （ ） erosion.问题1选项A.ofB.toC.withD.by【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项of “的”，B项to “到、朝、对于”，C项with “和”，D项by “由、被、到之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蚀。be su

9、sceptible to “易受的影响”；因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motions and drag us through the material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do the same. That doesnt mean you have to live with it. Avoid those fear-run workplace

10、s. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies theyve read about or heard about where passion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that fear is not primary motivator for getting to results.Although Ive found that most

11、 organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companies who are quite clear about what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve. Th

12、ey are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecting it to joy: joy for our customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were doing.Many believe this kind of mission focus can only occur in the non-profit wo

13、rld. This couldnt be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small. They are still rare, though, so it wont necessarily be easy to find them, but it is worth your time to pursue this search. Some of you will be inclined to do what I ulti

14、mately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who work

15、ed around me.To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success. Learning produces joy, regardless of the industry youre in. Become a student again. Read books, study organizations, and stretch yourself to try new things. If you are in a technical or a

16、support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts with its customers. Sign up for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Learn to present in front of others. Sign up to speak at conferences, and then go lis

17、ten to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The authors purpose in using teachers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldnt be further from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), the author means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we

18、 learn about the authors joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.emphasize the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of job trainingD.argue against fear-run workplaces问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are cus

19、tomer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-profit world has hidden rulesB.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes after profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on his free will and selfish pursuit.B.It come

20、s from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working around him.D.It is based on his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a variety of roles to be successful.C.Keep a good relationship with customers.D.See

21、k other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了？”。第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培

22、训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持的公司？”。第二段第三句The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small.（有许多

23、成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有规模小的；C项“用奖励激励员工”和D项“关注自我形象”未提及，因此B选项正确。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“通过第三段第一行This couldnt be further from the truth，作者的意思是他认为？”。第三段第一句Many believe this kind of in the non-profit world.（很多人认为这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面）与This couldnt be further from the truth.（这与事实相差甚远）衔接，第二句话是作者觉得

24、很多人认为的这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面的想法是错误的。A选项“非盈利组织有隐藏规则”没有提到；B选项“使命揭示了公司的真相”，这不是作者表达的意思；D选项“一个公司真正追求的是利益”，这个是人们认为公司是以利益为目标的，不是作者的看法。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于作者的工作乐趣我们了解到什么？”。第三段最后两句Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit I create my own fulfilling job, but it would onl

25、y be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.（创业精神促使我走上了一条崇高但自私的追求之路我创造了令我有成就感的工作，但是如果这项工作对我周围工作的人没有回报的话，那么对我来说也没有成就感可言了）；从这两句看，作者的快乐是来自于他身边的人得到了回报，最终是得到身边人对工作的满意度。A项“主要取决于他自由的意志和自私的追求”这是作者的创业精神，不是工作的乐趣；C项“工作使他去激励身边的人”，真正的快乐是对身边的人赋予回报，不仅仅是激励，文中也没有提到激励；D项“基于他对自己的商业技能

26、有坚定的信念”也不是作者快乐工作的原因。因此只有B项符合题意。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“在文章的最后，作者是提出了一个什么建议？”。最后一段提到To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success.（要学会热爱你的工作，那么找到一份只有学习是通往成功必经之路的工作是很重要的），另外作者陈述了做不同的工作应该如何学习的建议。B项“扮演各种各样的角色会成功”不符合题意，作者只是阐述了不同的角色应该如何学习；C项“和客户保持良好的关系”在最后一段

27、没有提到；D项“寻找需要你的技能的其他公司”，最后一段第五行and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours（了解世界上其他人想从你们这样的公司得到什么），没有提到寻找其他公司。因此此题A项正确。8. 单选题The new policies will （ ） rather than help poor families.问题1选项A.hideB.hinderC.hintD.hind【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项动词hide “隐藏”，B项动词hinder “阻碍、打扰”，C项动词hint “暗示、示

28、意”，D项形容词hind “后部的”；句意：新政策将阻碍而不是帮助贫困家庭。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Some things simply cannot be altered and （ ） people accept this, not wasting energy on trying to do the impossible.问题1选项A.roughB.plasticC.harshD.resilient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项rough “粗糙的”，B项plastic “塑料的”，C项harsh “严厉的、刺耳的”，D项resilient “可迅速恢复的、坚韧的”；句意：有

29、些东西根本无法改变，有韧性的人能接受这一点，不会浪费精力来做不可能的事。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题This will allow our citizens to build connections with peoples overseas and to develop skills and contacts that will help them （ ） in the global economy.问题1选项A.surviveB.striveC.thriveD.stride【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项survive “生存”，B项strive “努力、奋斗”，C项thrive “

30、繁荣”，D项stride “跨过”；句意：这将使我们的公民与海外人民建立联系，发展技能和增加接触，帮助他们在全球经济环境中生存。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate milder, many animals are still hibernating. Its too bad that humans cant hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.Apparently,

31、 at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of do

32、ing nothing at all for months on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed s

33、omething referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans w

34、ent to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.According to some sleep researchers, a sho

35、rt period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people.

36、 The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesnt help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural; howeve

37、r, according to Warrens theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.1. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that （ ）.2. The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people （ ）.3. Thomas Edison is cited to show （ ）.4. What does the author advise people to do?5. W

38、hat is most possibly the source of this article?问题1选项A.people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB.there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD.winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end问题2选项A.to set trap

39、s to catch animalsB.to wake up their family and neighborsC.to remind others of the timeD.to guard against possible dangers问题3选项A.insomnia is harmful to peopleB.human being cannot overcome insomniaC.a short period of consciousness during sleeping is normal for human beingD.great scientists must sleep

40、 less to make great inventions问题4选项A.Sleep in the way animals do.B.Consult a doctor if they cant sleep.C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.问题5选项A.scientific journalsB.history booksC.science fictionsD.fairy tales【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意

41、思是“文中用法国农民的例子来体现一个什么事实呢？”。第二段讲述了过去的法国农民等天气一变冷就会把自己关在屋子里几个月，什么都不做；这一例子是用来论证第一段的论点In fact, as a species, we almost did.”中，did指代前面提到的hibernate，表达的意思是“事实上，作为一个物种，我们都会冬眠”。A项“因为睡太多的觉人们可能会变懒”和C项“在冬天人们睡得更安稳”没有提到；D项“冬天是人们可以睡好几个月的季节”，文中只是提到天气变冷，法国农民就会把自己关到屋子里，并没有说一直睡觉。因此此题B项正确。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“深夜被叫作The Wat

42、ch是因为这个时间是人们要干的时候？”。从第五段最后一句It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.（那时人们实际上是在监视野生动物，尽管许多动物只是四处走动或者逗留一会。）可以看出The Watch是代表到了人们要监视外面可能的危险的时间。A项“设陷阱抓动物”，没有提到；B项“叫醒他们的邻居和家人”，文中只是提到这些动物只是在邻居门前逗留一会，该项不符合题意；C项“提醒

43、其他人时间”，这个时间只是提醒守夜的人要开始监视外面，没有提醒其他人。因此该题D项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在这里引用托马斯爱迪生是用来表示？”。第六段提到在午夜短时间的失眠是正常的，第三句接着提到Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can beThomas E

44、dison, used this state to hit upon many of his ideas.（人类在睡眠时还会经历另一种意识状态，这种状态发生在我们入睡前或早上醒来之前的短暂时间里。对某些人来说，这段时期是极具创造力的时期。令人印象深刻的发明家，托马斯爱迪生，就是在这种状态下想出了他的许多想法。）可知睡眠时短暂的意识状态对人来说是正常的。A项“失眠对人类有伤害”，倒数第二段第一句a short period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder（午夜时分短暂的失眠并不是一种疾病），提到短暂失眠是正常的，而失眠对人类有伤害没有提到；B项

45、“人类不能克服失眠”，最后一段有提到可以服用药物，但是这不是引用爱迪生例子的目的；D项“为了发明科学家睡得都很少”，文中只是说这种短暂的意识状态适合创造，没有说科学家睡得少。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者建议人们去做什么？”。最后一段说Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in.（调整你的睡眠节奏可能是冒险的，因为焦虑可能会出现），但最后一句It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, w

46、hich sounds natural; however, according to Warrens theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.（医学为我们提供了整夜不会间断睡眠的药物，这听起来很自然；然而，根据沃伦的理论，这确实与我们所需要的相反），由此看出，作者是建议人们跟随自己自然的睡眠规律。A项“和动物的睡觉方式一样”，只是建议遵循自己的睡眠规律，没有一定要和动物睡眠规律一样；B项“如果不能睡着咨询医生”，这不是作者阐述的建议；D项“保持八小时睡眠模式”最后一段没有提到。因此C项“跟随自然的睡眠规律”正确。5.【试题解析】判断推

47、理题。题干意思是“这篇文章的来源最有可能是来自于哪里？”。本文论述了研究者发现在过去人类也像其他动物一样有冬眠时期，现在的八小时睡眠只是现代被改变的睡眠方式，文章有论有据，可以推断出这是一篇科普类文章。B项“历史书”，C项“科幻小说”，D项“神话故事”；因此A选项正确。12. 单选题A piece of glass was embedded （ ） her hand.问题1选项A.withB.withinC.inD.inside【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项with “和”，B项within “在之内”，C项in “在里”，D项inside “内部、内侧”；句意：一块玻璃扎在她的手

48、上。embed in “嵌入”；因此C选项正确。13. 单选题The law can （ ） fathers to make regular payments for their children.问题1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compel “强迫、迫使”，B项comply “遵守、顺从”，C项complain “抱怨”，D项combine “联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。14. 翻译题Space X will send a spacesuit-clad crash

49、 test dummy to the International Space Station as part of a trial flight for its Crew Dragon spacecraft. The mission will take place on 2 March and will also deliver supplies to crew aboard the ISS. An array of sensors built into the mannequins suit will help provide key data ahead of the first huma

50、n passengers going aboard the capsule later this year.Mr. Musk revealed the cost of a ticket to Mars on board a Space X flight would be less than $100,000. Taking questions on social media, he wrote: Im confident moving to Mars (return ticket is free) will one day cost less than $500k or maybe even

51、below $100k. Low enough that most people in advanced economies could sell their home on Earth and move to Mars if they want.Section A Translate the following passage into Chinese.【答案】Space X公司将把一个穿着航天服的撞击试验人体模型送往国际空间站，这也是其Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船试飞任务的一部分。这次任务将于3月2日进行，并将向国际空间站的宇航员运送物资。该人体模型所穿的太空服上安装了大量的传感器。

52、今年晚些时候，在第一批人类旅客将登上太空舱之前，这些传感器将有助于提供重要数据。马斯克先生透露，乘坐Space X宇宙飞船前往火星的票价可能会低于10万美元。他在社交媒体上接受了人们的提问，并写道：“我确信，将来有一天搬去火星（返程票是免费的）的票价会低于50万美元，甚至可能会低于10万美元。这个票价足够低了，发达经济体的多数人都可以卖掉他们在地球上的房子，搬去火星，如果他们愿意的话。”15. 单选题Put both vegetables into a bowl and （ ） with a potato masher.问题1选项A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack【答案】

53、B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项crash “碰撞”，B项crush “压碎”，C项clash “冲突”，D项crack “使破裂”；句意：把这两种蔬菜都放进碗里，用捣土豆器捣碎。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题The producers refused to even talk about residuals. They put forth a simple and （ ） question:Why should any employee be paid more than once for the same job?问题1选项A.compellingB.componentC.competentD

54、.compulsive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项compelling “令人信服的，引人注目的”，B项component “组成的”，C项competent “有能力的”，D项compulsive “强制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒绝提到剩余工资并提出了一个简单而又引人注目的问题：为什么雇主要为一次同样的工作付两次钱？因此A选项正确。17. 单选题During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called

55、Thinking Chess, for three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to （2） a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was an international

56、 grand master, which （5） I would be learning from one of the games （6）. I could hardly wait to （7） him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it （9） that our credits would be hard-earn

57、ed. In order to （10） the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14）.Ten years after my ch

58、ess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （15） me: “the absolute most important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17）.On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent is doing and （19） the best move from among all your options.” Th

59、ese words still ring true today in my （20）as a journalist.问题1选项A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down问题2选项A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay问题3选项A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired问题4选项A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor问题5选项A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant问题6选项A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest问题7选项

60、A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat问题8选项A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job问题9选项A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible问题10选项A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe问题11选项A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare问题12选项A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally问题13选项A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment问题14选项A.criterionB.class

61、roomC.departmentD.situation问题15选项A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised问题16选项A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill问题17选项A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments问题18选项A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control问题19选项A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate问题20选项A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查上下文语义和动词短语。A项put forward “提出”，B项jumped at “欣然接受，急切的接受”，C项tried out “试验、考验”，D项turn