2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷77（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day. The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The Automobile Association (AA) has discovered that cars are left unattended fo

2、r an average three minutes and sometimes considerably longer as drivers buy drinks, sweets, cigarettes and other consumer items and then pay at the cash till. With payment by the credit card more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes, providi

3、ng the car thief with a golden opportunity.In an exclusive AA survey, carried out at a busy garage on a main road out of London, 300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period. Twenty-four percent admitted that they “always” or “sometimes” leave the keys in their car. This means

4、 that nationwide, a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.For more than ten years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into, vandalized or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for

5、almost a third of all reported offences with no signs that the trend is slowing down.Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist. Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness. When AA engineers surveyed o

6、n town center car park last year, ten percent of the cars checked were unlocked, a figure backed by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked. The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period. A partially o

7、pen sun-roof or window is a further come-on to thieves.There are many other traps to avoid. The Home Office has found little awareness among drives about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights just the places thieves love. The

8、AA advises drivers to park in places with people around thieves dont like audiences. Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminals. A Manchester Probationary Service research project, which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a se

9、at. Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car. If you have a garage, use it and lock it a garage car is at substantially less risk.1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?2.Where in the passage does the author mention leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the cri

10、minals?3.The car theft is due to all of the following EXCEPT （ ）.4.In order to prevent car theft, people are recommended to（ ）.5.The main purpose of this passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.The use of credit cards may increase the risk of car theft.B.It is advised that the drivers take car keys with them.C.Most

11、 cars are stolen by professional thieves.D.The AA advises that motorists leave their cars locked.问题2选项A.The first paragraph.B.The second paragraph.C.The third paragraph.D.The last paragraph.问题3选项A.peoples carelessnessB.unawareness of safe parkingC.coat left on the car seatD.poor quality of a car loc

12、k问题4选项A.park cars in quiet placesB.use a garage and lock itC.leave a spare car key at homeD.become a member of AA问题5选项A.analyze the rise of the car theft in BritainB.report the survey results by AAC.suggest the ways to investigate car theftD.compare car crime with other types of crime【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第

13、3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist.（虽然有高度职业犯罪涉及汽车盗窃，几乎90%的汽车犯罪是由机会主义者干的）可知只有少数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的，因此C选项“大多数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的”说法不正确。2.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Leaving valuables in view is an

14、invitation to the criminals（把贵重物品放在显眼的地方是对罪犯的一种诱惑）可知选D。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness（我们自己的粗心大意给那些业余小偷助了一臂之力）可知与A选项“人的粗心”相符；由第五段中的The Home Office has found little awareness among drives about safe parking（内政部发现，驾车者对安全停车的意识很低）可知与B“未意识到安全停车”相符；由第五段中的which interviewed

15、 almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat.（这个研究项目去年采访了近100名偷车贼，发现许多偷车贼会翻看一件扔在座位上的外套）可知与C选项“留在汽车座椅上的外套”相符，故排除A、B、C选项，因此选D，汽车锁的质量问题并没有在文中提及。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的If you have a garage, use it and lock it a garage car is at substantially less risk.（如果你有一个车库，使用它并锁

16、上它停在车库里风险要小得多）可知B选项“用车库把它锁上”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。通读全文，可知本文主要分析了英国汽车盗窃案上升的原因：驾驶员的粗心大意；安全停车意识低；将值钱物品放到显眼处；外套扔在车座上等等，因此选A。2. 单选题Our country has grown rich because of its （ ）with other nations.问题1选项A.intercourseB.businessC.commerceD.interaction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。intercourse意为“交流，交往”；business意为“商业，交易”；commerce意为“(尤

17、指国际间的) 贸易，商业”；interaction意为“相互影响，交互作用”。句意：我国通过与其他国家的贸易往来富起来了。3. 单选题She has the （ ）of entering graduate school or starting her professional career.问题1选项A.optimumB.optionC.orientationD.preference【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。optimum意为“最佳效果，最适宜条件”；option意为“选择权，选择（的自由）”；orientation意为“方向，定位”；preference意为“偏爱，喜爱”。句意：她可以

18、选择进入研究生院或开始她的职业生涯。4. 单选题When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people（ ）and asks them questions.问题1选项A.at lengthB.at randomC.in essenceD.in bulk【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。at length意为“充分地”；at random意为“任意地，随便地”；in essence意为“本质上，大体上”；in bulk意为“大量，整批”。句意：当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的常规实验

19、时，他会随机地选择人并问他们问题。5. 单选题She sewed a （ ）on the knee of her trousers.问题1选项A.pinchB.plasterC.punchD.patch【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。pinch意为“捏，掐”；plaster意为“灰泥，膏药，创可贴”；punch意为“拳击打，用力的捶打”；patch意为“补丁，补片”。句意：她在她的裤子膝盖上缝了个补丁。6. 单选题I thought the boat only held six. How did you （ ）seven seats?问题1选项A.reserveB.deserveC.prese

20、rveD.reverse【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，预约，保留”；deserve意为“应得，应受”；preserve意为“保护，保存”；reverse意为“使反转，颠覆”。句意：我以为这船上只能载六个人。你怎么预定了七个位置呢？7. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content

21、 to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and

22、deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertiser show us th

23、e latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example.

24、 In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. I

25、n the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is

26、no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top

27、 fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar look

28、ing as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashi

29、on to（ ）.3.Causes of fashion are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearance.B.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the t

30、rends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring

31、appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的w

32、e will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establis

33、h a fashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，没有特定的原因，因此D选项“无法解释的”最为恰当。4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其

34、他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。8. 单选题The work

35、er agreed to （ ）the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.问题1选项A.call forB.call forthC.call offD.call up【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。call for意为“接（人），呼吁，需要”；call forth意为“唤起，引起”；call off意为“取消”；call up意为“打电话，召集”。句意：如果公司能满足他们的要求，工人们就同意取消罢工。9. 单选题This is the worlds first accurate （ ）model of human heart i

36、n computer.问题1选项A.laboringB.workingC.livingD.liking【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。laboring意为“劳动的”；working意为“工作中的，运行中的”；living意为“活着的”；liking意为“喜爱的”。句意：这是世界上第一个用计算机精确模拟的工作中的人的心脏。10. 单选题You cannot expect people to work hard unless you give them some kind of （ ）.问题1选项A.fascinationB.incentiveC.provocationD.temptation【

37、答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。fascination意为“魅力，着迷”；incentive意为“激励，刺激，鼓励”；provocation意为“挑衅，挑拨”；temptation意为“诱惑，引诱”。句意：你不能指望人们努力工作，除非你给他们一些激励。11. 单选题Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds g

38、o wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive airplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them

39、appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public. They must

40、be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, but public property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has always rewarded its top enterta

41、iners lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale. By todays standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the

42、films of the past ever did. The competition for the title “Top of the Pops” is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countri

43、es? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency often more than large industrial companies and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards?Its all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes a

44、nd rewards of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has

45、 no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that ye

46、ars of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the essence of private enterprise.1.What is the aut

47、hors attitude toward top stars high income?2.According to the first paragraph Royalty once （ ）.3.According to the author it could be inferred that（ ）.4.In the last paragraph the author reminds people（ ）.5.The best title for the passage could be（ ）.问题1选项A.ApprovalB.DisapprovalC.IronicalD.Critical问题2选

48、项A.was coldly greetedB.led a life as all the other people didC.lived a life the former pop stars could enjoyD.enjoyed a style of living that people were hard to imagine问题3选项A.pop stars could be compared to RoyaltyB.pop stars could be compared to top men in industryC.pop stars are low entertainersD.p

49、op stars share conveniences问题4选项A.most famous stars are tip of the iceberg with other hundreds struggling for a livingB.society always rewards top entertainersC.Pop stars are newsD.crowds greet pop stars everywhere they go问题5选项A.Pop stars exert undesirable influence in societyB.Coming and Gongs Are

50、RewardedC.Fierce Competition: Top of the PopD.Pop Stars Certainly Make Their Money【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way.（明星们应该以这种方式得到报酬，这是正确的）可知作者对明星高收入的态度是支持的，因此选A。2.细节事实题。文章第一段描写了今天的流行歌星享受着一种曾经是皇室特权的生活方式：无论他们走到哪里，人们都会聚集在一起迎接他们。人

51、群疯狂地试图抓住一个短暂的机会，一瞥他们的笑容满面，穿着华丽的偶像。这些明星是由司机驾驶的劳斯莱斯、私人直升机或专机接送的。由此可推测皇室曾经享受着特权生活，过着普通人想象不到的生活，因此D选项“享受着人们难以想象的生活方式”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency

52、 often more than large industrial companies（行业中最优秀的人，难道不因为他们为公司和国家提供的服务而赚取丰厚的薪水吗？流行歌星用外币赚了很多钱通常比大型工业公司赚得多）可推测B选项“流行歌星可以被比作工业界的顶尖人物”正确。A选项由第一段中的Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty（今天的流行歌星享受着一种曾经是皇室特权的生活方式）直接得答案，不需要推测，C、D选项根据本文内容来看说法错误，因此选B。4.细节事实题。由文

53、章最后一段中的People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living（那些发表嫉妒言论的人应该记住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。对于每一个著名的明星，有数以百计的其他人挣扎着谋生）可知A选项“大多数著名的明星都是冰山一角，而其他数百名明星则在为生存而奋斗”符合题意。5.

54、主旨大意题。文章的标题通常可作为文章的主题。A选项“流行歌星在社会中产生不良的影响”在文章中没有提及，故排除；B选项不清楚指的是什么，故排除；C选项“激烈的竞争：流行音乐的巅峰”只在文章第三段中提及，不具有概论性，故排除；因此D“流行歌星赚那么多的钱是理所当然”最为恰当。12. 单选题（ ） for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.问题1选项A.Had it not beB.Were it notC.Be it notD.Should it

55、not【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do；当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时，可将连词if省略，把were, should, had置于句首。从句中的If it were not for the timely investment=Were it not for the timely investment，因此选B。句意：要不是广大公众的及时投资，我们公司不会像现在这样兴旺发达。13. 单选题As many of the ar

56、ticles in this issue of The McKinsey Quarterly demonstrate, companies in the developed world are outsourcing（资源外置）ever larger portions of their business to low-cost, highly skilled workers in the developing world. Driving this trend is the remarkable ability of the global workforce to learn on the j

57、ob.In fact, the relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however,

58、the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance wo

59、uld require two or three generations. The research of the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) during the past decade has consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.MGI has foun

60、d ample evidence in the developing world to support this conclusion. In Brazil, for example, the two leading private retail banks are locally owned and staffed but achieve near-global levels of best-practice productivity. A Honda factory in Brazil performs almost as well as the companys Japanese and

61、 US plants. In the same country, the French hypermarket chain Carrefour achieves about 90 percent of the productivity that it achieves at home.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? I have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of

62、 education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time for education. They didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its

63、 food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but n