2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷93

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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There is a risk that （ ） chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项destructive “破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic “有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious “恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Im worried about washing

2、 that shirt in case it （ ）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease “减少”，B项contract “收缩”，C项constringe “使收敛”，D项名词shrink “缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题A few months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundreds of people to watch their companys offici

3、al introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百

4、人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题The law can （ ） fathers to make regular payments for their children.问题1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compel “强迫、迫使”，B项comply “遵守、顺从”，C项complain “抱怨”，D项combine “联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题The （ ） for travelling without a ticket is

5、 200.问题1选项A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析。A项形容词penal “刑事的、刑罚的”，B项名词panel “仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize “处罚、处刑”，D项名词penalty “罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题Some parents （ ） education with exam success.问题1选项A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项equal “等于”，B项equate “

6、视为平等”，C项equalize “使相等”，D项名词equality “平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考试成绩优秀视为一样。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motions and drag us through the material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do the same. That doesnt mean you have to li

7、ve with it. Avoid those fear-run workplaces. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies theyve read about or heard about where passion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that fear is not primary motivator for getti

8、ng to results.Although Ive found that most organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companies who are quite clear about what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. The people who work there are focused not

9、on themselves, but on those they serve. They are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecting it to joy: joy for our customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were doing.Many believe this kind of mission

10、 focus can only occur in the non-profit world. This couldnt be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small. They are still rare, though, so it wont necessarily be easy to find them, but it is worth your time to pursue this search. Some

11、 of you will be inclined to do what I ultimately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if

12、 it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success. Learning produces joy, regardless of the industry youre in. Become a student again. Read books, study organizations, and stretch yourself to try n

13、ew things. If you are in a technical or a support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts with its customers. Sign up for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Learn to present in front of others. Sign u

14、p to speak at conferences, and then go listen to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The authors purpose in using teachers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldnt be further from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), th

15、e author means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we learn about the authors joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.emphasize the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of job trainingD.argue against fear-run workp

16、laces问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are customer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-profit world has hidden rulesB.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes after profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on h

17、is free will and selfish pursuit.B.It comes from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working around him.D.It is based on his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a variety of roles to be successful.C.Kee

18、p a good relationship with customers.D.Seek other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了？”。第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会

19、快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持的公司？”。第二段第三句The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句There are successful purpose-driven private and

20、 public corporations, large and small.（有许多成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有规模小的；C项“用奖励激励员工”和D项“关注自我形象”未提及，因此B选项正确。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“通过第三段第一行This couldnt be further from the truth，作者的意思是他认为？”。第三段第一句Many believe this kind of in the non-profit world.（很多人认为这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面）与This couldnt be fur

21、ther from the truth.（这与事实相差甚远）衔接，第二句话是作者觉得很多人认为的这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面的想法是错误的。A选项“非盈利组织有隐藏规则”没有提到；B选项“使命揭示了公司的真相”，这不是作者表达的意思；D选项“一个公司真正追求的是利益”，这个是人们认为公司是以利益为目标的，不是作者的看法。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于作者的工作乐趣我们了解到什么？”。第三段最后两句Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit I crea

22、te my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.（创业精神促使我走上了一条崇高但自私的追求之路我创造了令我有成就感的工作，但是如果这项工作对我周围工作的人没有回报的话，那么对我来说也没有成就感可言了）；从这两句看，作者的快乐是来自于他身边的人得到了回报，最终是得到身边人对工作的满意度。A项“主要取决于他自由的意志和自私的追求”这是作者的创业精神，不是工作的乐趣；C项“工作使他去激励身边的人”，真正的快乐

23、是对身边的人赋予回报，不仅仅是激励，文中也没有提到激励；D项“基于他对自己的商业技能有坚定的信念”也不是作者快乐工作的原因。因此只有B项符合题意。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“在文章的最后，作者是提出了一个什么建议？”。最后一段提到To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success.（要学会热爱你的工作，那么找到一份只有学习是通往成功必经之路的工作是很重要的），另外作者陈述了做不同的工作应该如何学习的建议。B项“扮演各种各样的角色会成功”不符

24、合题意，作者只是阐述了不同的角色应该如何学习；C项“和客户保持良好的关系”在最后一段没有提到；D项“寻找需要你的技能的其他公司”，最后一段第五行and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours（了解世界上其他人想从你们这样的公司得到什么），没有提到寻找其他公司。因此此题A项正确。8. 单选题The discussion quickly （ ） into an angry argument.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declined【答案】A【解析】

25、考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate “恶化”，B项aggravate “加重、激怒”，C项increase “提高”，D项decline “拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our live

26、s. Putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standin

27、g in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I dont know the person Im joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situati

28、on, but also is common courtesy to speak to others that are around you.I know of a few people that dont have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. Th

29、ey dont get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psyc

30、hological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell so

31、me jokes and have some fun laughing together.1. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that （ ）.2. The author answers the question in Paragraph 2 with （ ）.3. The phrase “busting a gut” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by （ ）.4. Which is not mentioned as a function humor plays in life?5

32、. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to （ ）.问题1选项A.it makes people more confidentB.it can pick up peoples spiritsC.it can help get rid of the cruelty in the worldD.it can help people get on well with others问题2选项A.facts and descriptionsB.evidence and argumentC.examples and conclusionD.

33、stories and persuasion问题3选项A.explaining carefullyB.speaking loudC.keeping silentD.laughing hard问题4选项A.Humor can reduce stress.B.Humor helps to land a job offer.C.Humor can drive sadness away.D.Humor can make your family happy.问题5选项A.talk about his own understanding of humorB.encourage people to be h

34、umorous in daily lifeC.introduce a practical way to get through daily lifeD.convince people of the power of being optimistic about life【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“幽默的有用之处在于（ ）?”。第一段第一句but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every

35、 day of our lives.（拥有良好的幽默感也是必要的，只是为了帮助我们度过生活的每一天），可以看出，保持幽默可以打起人们的精神；A项“使人更自信”，文中只提到幽默可以解压；C项“帮助人们摆脱残酷的世界”，这是作者引用了奶奶的例子，主要是用来说明幽默能让自己在残酷生活中缓解压力；D项“帮助人们与人友好相处”，文中只是提到幽默也是一种人与人之间的礼貌，着重点还是在于幽默可以解压。因此B项“打起/鼓舞人们的精神”正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者第二段回答问题用的是什么?”。第二段的问题是How would you feel if you could not jokeor

36、 even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store?（如果你不能和你的妻子，丈夫，孩子，同事，邻居，亲密的朋友，甚至只是一个和你一起在街角商店排队的人开玩笑，你会有什么感觉?）；后面作者用奶奶的例子来回答这个问题并且做出了结论，因此该题C选项“例子和结论”正确。3.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第三段中的短语busting a gut可以用哪个词替代?”。根据第三段第二句Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hear

37、ing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face.（他们周围的人听了这个笑话可能会在地板上打滚，但他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝笑容。）结合后面I am busting a gut while they just sit there可以推断出，当他们坐在那里的时候，“我”是和他们周围的人一样笑得在地板上打滚。因此，可以猜出busting a gut在这里是“大笑”的意思，因此D选项 “努力地大笑”正确。4.【试题解析】细节判断题。题干意思是“下列关于幽默在生活中发挥的作用哪一项没

38、有描述？”。最后一段提到Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control（笑对于控制心理压力的水平是很重要的），因此A项“幽默可以减少压力”正确；倒数第二句提到We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.（我们都需要找到一种方法来绕过悲伤，为我们的生活带来一点光明），因此C项“幽默可以驱散悲伤”正确；最后一句提到I believe our best medicine is to get t

39、ogether and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.（我相信最好的药方是聚在一起，讲一些笑话，一起开怀大笑），推断出“幽默是可以令家人开心的”，因此D项正确；B项“幽默帮助获得工作机会”文中没有提到，因此该题选B。5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者写这篇文章的主要意图是什么？”。全文主要在论述一个观点，那就是拥有良好的幽默感可以帮助我们度过生活的每一天，缓解生活中的压力；可以推断出作者是鼓励/建议大家变得幽默，只有B选项“鼓励人们日常生活中变得幽默”符合题意。A项“谈论自己对幽默的理解”，文中作者有发表自己的

40、见解，但通篇都在论述幽默对生活有帮助；C项“介绍一种实用方法来度过日常生活”，最后一段提到We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.（我们都需要找到一个方式来绕过悲伤给生活带来一点光），这句话是鼓励我们保持幽默，因为幽默可以缓解压力，但文章主旨不是介绍实用的方式，而是论述幽默的好处；D项“让人们相信乐观对待生活的力量”，文中讲的是幽默，不是乐观。因此B项正确。10. 单选题Put both vegetables into a bowl and （ ） with

41、a potato masher.问题1选项A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项crash “碰撞”，B项crush “压碎”，C项clash “冲突”，D项crack “使破裂”；句意：把这两种蔬菜都放进碗里，用捣土豆器捣碎。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题All the evidence （ ） that he stole the money.问题1选项A.recommendsB.proposesC.suggestsD.advises【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项recommend “建议、推荐”，B项propose “建议、打算、

42、求婚”，C项suggest “提议、显示、暗示”，D项advise “劝告、忠告”；句意：所有的证据都显示是他偷了钱。因此C选项正确。12. 翻译题国家统计局（NBS）周五发布的2018年全国睡觉时间使用情况调查报告揭示了中国人平均每天的时间分配情况。这包括了他们的工作、睡觉、家务、休闲娱乐等不同活动。这项调查显示，低收入人群平均看电视的时间为每天1小时50分钟。这比中等收入人群多15分钟，比较高收入组多32分钟，比高收入人群多46分钟。国家统计局高级统计员金红表示，2008年和2018年的时间使用情况调查显示，中国人均生活质量有所改善。Section B Translate the foll

43、owing passage into English.【答案】The 2018 National Survey Report on the Utilization of Bedtime, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Friday, revealed how Chinese people to allocate their dailys time averagely. This includes work, sleep, housework, recreation and other different activ

44、ities. According to the survey, the average time of low-income group watching TV is 1 hour and 50 minutes a day, which is 15 minutes more than medium-income group, 32 minutes more than the high-income group and 46 minutes more than the high-income group. Jinhong, a senior statistician at the NBS, sa

45、id that the quality of life per capita in China had improved, which was showed by the survey on situation of time utilization in 2008 and 2018.13. 单选题When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily （ ） into a nightmare of the most serious proportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.back

46、fire【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A项backwash “回流、反响”，B项backdate “回溯”，C项backlash “强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦。因此D选项正确。14. 翻译题Space X will send a spacesuit-clad crash test dummy to the International Space Station as part of a trial flight for its Crew Dragon spacecraft. T

47、he mission will take place on 2 March and will also deliver supplies to crew aboard the ISS. An array of sensors built into the mannequins suit will help provide key data ahead of the first human passengers going aboard the capsule later this year.Mr. Musk revealed the cost of a ticket to Mars on bo

48、ard a Space X flight would be less than $100,000. Taking questions on social media, he wrote: Im confident moving to Mars (return ticket is free) will one day cost less than $500k or maybe even below $100k. Low enough that most people in advanced economies could sell their home on Earth and move to

49、Mars if they want.Section A Translate the following passage into Chinese.【答案】Space X公司将把一个穿着航天服的撞击试验人体模型送往国际空间站，这也是其Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船试飞任务的一部分。这次任务将于3月2日进行，并将向国际空间站的宇航员运送物资。该人体模型所穿的太空服上安装了大量的传感器。今年晚些时候，在第一批人类旅客将登上太空舱之前，这些传感器将有助于提供重要数据。马斯克先生透露，乘坐Space X宇宙飞船前往火星的票价可能会低于10万美元。他在社交媒体上接受了人们的提问，并写道：“我确信，将来

50、有一天搬去火星（返程票是免费的）的票价会低于50万美元，甚至可能会低于10万美元。这个票价足够低了，发达经济体的多数人都可以卖掉他们在地球上的房子，搬去火星，如果他们愿意的话。”15. 单选题During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, afte

51、r all, who doesnt want to （2） a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which （5） I would be learning from one of the games （6）. I could har

52、dly wait to （7） him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it （9） that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to （10） the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how

53、 we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14）.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （15） me: “the absolute most

54、important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17）.On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent is doing and （19） the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my （20）as a journalist.问题1选项A.put forwardB.jumpe

55、d atC.tried outD.turned down问题2选项A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay问题3选项A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired问题4选项A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor问题5选项A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant问题6选项A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest问题7选项A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat问题8选项A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job问题9选项A.re

56、alB.perfectC.clearD.possible问题10选项A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe问题11选项A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare问题12选项A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally问题13选项A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment问题14选项A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation问题15选项A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised问题16选项A.factB

57、.stepC.mannerD.skill问题17选项A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments问题18选项A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control问题19选项A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate问题20选项A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D

58、第20题:A【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查上下文语义和动词短语。A项put forward “提出”，B项jumped at “欣然接受，急切的接受”，C项tried out “试验、考验”，D项turned down “减小，调低（声音）、拒绝”；上文说I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.（我被告知教育部门为学生提供了一门免费的课程思考象棋，这门课程有三个学分），由此可以看出是欣然/急切的接受了这门课程，因

59、此选B。2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项waste “浪费”，B项earn “获得”，C项save “节省、储蓄、保存”，D项pay “支付”；上文提到急切的接受这门课程，推断是因为“我”想省钱；所以此处用“save”最合适，save money “省钱、存钱”；因此选C。3. 【试题解析】考查语义和形容词辨析。A项excited “感到激动的”，B项worried “担心的”，C项moved “感动的”，D项tired “疲劳的”；通过even if I werent （ ） enough about free credits, news about our （ ） was appeal

60、ing enough to me句子和上文“我”对免费课程是欣然接受的态度来看，关于免费的学分“我”是感到激动的；句意：即使免费的学分不足以让我感到激动，但关于的消息就足够吸引我。因此A项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语义和名词辨析。A项title “标题”，B项competitor “对手”，C项textbook “教科书”，D项instructor “指导员、教员”；根据下文He was an international grand master （他是一位国际象棋大师），由此看，此处需要填入的词义为“老师/指导员”；因此此处D项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项urge “驱策、催

61、促”，B项demand “要求”，C项hold “持有”，D项mean “意味着”；根据句子He was an international grand master, which （ ） I would be learning from one of the games，可以推断句意是“他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味着我将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习”，因此此处D项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。A项fastest “最快速的”，B项easiest “最容易的”，C项best “最好的”，D项 rarest “最罕见的”；根据上文“我”的导师是国际象棋大师，可知 “我”将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习；one of the best “最好的之一、数一数二”；此处C项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项interview “面试、采访”，B项meet “见到”，C项challenge “挑战”，D项 beat “打败”； 根据句子“I could hardly wait to （ ） him” 可以知道句意“我等不及要去见他了”；cant /can hardly wait to do sth.等不及干某事。因此此处只有B项正确。8. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项chan