2022年考博英语-西南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第166期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The summer session in Georgetown University was a really wonderful occasion which we will（ ） for many years to come.问题1选项A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。discount “打折扣”；acquit “无罪释放”；cherish “珍惜”；blur “使模糊不清”。句意：乔治敦大学暑期班是个很棒的场合，我们将在今后的许多年里都会珍惜它。

2、选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Doing research will be much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off and to give you（ ）in the entire process.问题1选项A.rewardB.insuranceC.interestD.feedback【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward “报酬”；insurance “津贴”；interest “兴趣；利息；利益”；feedback “反馈”。句意：如果有人能够给你出主意，并给你反馈，那么研究起来就容易多了。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题M

3、ore than 85 percent of French Canadas population speaks French as a mother tongue and （ ）to the Roman Catholic faith.问题1选项A.catersB.adheresC.ascribesD.subscribes【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。cater “迎合；提供饮食及服务”；adhere “追随，坚持， 粘附”；ascribe “把.归因于”; subscribes “订阅，签署”。句意：85%以上的法裔加拿大人把法语作为自己的母语，并且信仰天主教。选项B符合题意。4. 单选

4、题Within ten years they have tamed the （ ）hill into green woods.问题1选项A.vacantB.barrenC.weirdD.wasteful【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。vacant “空虚的；空的”； barren “贫瘠的；不生育的”; weird “怪异的”； wasteful “浪费的”。句意：十年时间他们把荒山变成了绿色林地。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The （ ）of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understand

5、ing the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.contentC.textureD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考察名词词义辨析。 Essence “实质”； content “内容”； texture “质地， 构造”； threshold “开始，入口,门槛”。句意：科学态度的实质就是人类可以成功地认识了解整个宇宙。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （ ）report within a few hundred words but with all the important detai

6、ls included.问题1选项A.conciseB.briskC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。 concise “简明的，简洁的”； brisk “敏锐的，活泼的”；precise “精确的；明确的”；elaborate “精心制作的；详尽的”。句意：新秘书写了一份相当简洁的报告，只用了几百个单词却包含了所有重要细节。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题His originality as a composer is （ ）by the following group of songs.问题1选项A.exemplifiedB.createdC.perf

7、ormedD.realized【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。exemplify “例证”；create “创造”；perform “执行；表演”；realize “意识到；实现”。下面的这些歌曲能够佐证他是一个原创作曲家。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题There are still many countries where the death penalty is the（ ）against murder.问题1选项A.sanctionB.preventionC.frightD.threat【答案】A【解析】考察名词词义辨析。sanction “制裁，处罚”；prevention “预防，

8、阻止”；fright “惊吓”；threat “威胁”。句意：仍然有许多国家将死刑作犯谋杀罪的处罚。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The doctor pondered for a while, trying to recall which of several medications would be best to （ ）the patients suffering.问题1选项A.alleviateB.restrictC.decreaseD.diminish【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。alleviate “减轻，使缓和”；restrict “限制，约束”； decrease “减少”

9、；diminish “减少，减损”。句意：医生仔细考虑了一会，试图回想起哪一种药能够最有效地减轻病人的痛苦。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题She refused to let the injury keep her from （ ）her goal of being in the Olympics.问题1选项A.detainingB.attainingC.screwingD.sifting【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。detain “拘留；耽搁”；attain “达到，实现”；screw “转动，拧”；sift “筛选”。句意：她不会让受伤阻止她实现参加奥运会的目标。选项B符合题意。11

10、. 单选题Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a

11、 technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our materi

12、al surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in design

13、ing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would he the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such q

14、uestions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design re

15、mains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking,

16、 nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of in

17、dustrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the back

18、ground required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan

19、sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.1.In the text, the author is primarily concerned wi

20、th （ ）.2.It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are（ ）.3.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?4.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the text?5.The author cab the predica

21、ment faced by the Historic American Engineering Record paradoxical (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably because （ ）.问题1选项A.identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologists.B.stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.C.proposing a new role for nonscientific t

22、hinking in the development of technology.D.contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists.问题2选项A.strengthened when they include courses in design.B.weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills.C.strong because nonverbal

23、thinking is still emphasized by most of the courses.D.strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems.问题3选项A.When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.B.Each componen

24、t of an automobile for example, the engine or the fuel tankhas a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that components function.C.A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.D.The distinctive features of a suspension bridge

25、reflect its designers conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.问题4选项A.The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.B.Analytical thought is no longer a

26、 vital component in the success of technological developmentC.As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement and texture.D.A movement in engineering colleges toward a technic

27、ians degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.问题5选项A.the publication needed drawings that its own staff could not make.B.architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their students.C.colle

28、ge students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not.D.engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段提到日常生活的东西受科学影响，但是它们的形式功能等却受到了非科学模式的影响（Many objects

29、 in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought），接下来举例说明了非语言思考的作用，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句Design courses, then, should be

30、 an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist提到设计课程对于工程学课程的重要作用，选项A符合题意。3.文章第一二段强调的是非科学思维模式和技术人员创造成型中非科学成分的作用。选项D “吊桥的本质特质反映了它的设计者的概念化和建造地点的物理要求”，符合题意。4.文章的第一段的倒

31、数第二句In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings是全文的主旨句，主要提及了非语言思维在科学发展中的重要性。选项A符合题意。5.第三段第一句In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and

32、large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings提到 engineering curricula缺乏design courses。文章第三段最后一句主要提到了工程学生在教育方面的缺不足。因此选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Opinion poll surveys show that the public see scientists in a rather unflattering light.Commonly the scientist is also seen a

33、s being male. It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as female.The image most people have of science and scientists comes from their own ex

34、perience of school science, and from the mass media_ Science teachers themselves See it as a problem that so many school pupils find school science an unsatisfying experience, though over the last few years more and more pupils, including girls, have opted for science subjects.In spite of excellent

35、documentaries, and some good popular science magazines, scientific modes in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential for enormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of “good”

36、 scientists saving the world, and mad scientists trying to destroy it.From all the many scientific stories which might be given media treatment, those which are chosen are usually those which can be framed in terms of the usual news angles: novelty, threat, conflict or the bizarre. The routine and o

37、ften tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced: with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities (as in embryo research), threatening public health (as in weapons research), or fighting it out with each other (in giving evidence at public enquiries such a

38、s those held on the issues connected with nuclear power).The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the productof individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scientific work possible. A further effect of this is that science comes to be

39、 seen as a thing in itself: a kind of unpredictable force a tide of scientific progress.It is no such thing, of course. Science is what scientists do; what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates, and what is clone with their work depends very much on who has the power to change the

40、ir discoveries into technology, and what their interests are.1.According to the passage, ordinary-people have a poor opinion of science and scientists partly because （ ）.2.Fewer girls than boys study science because（ ）.3.Media treatment of science tends to concentrate on（ ）.4.According to the author

41、, over-personalization of scientific work will lead science（ ）.5.According to the author, what a scientist does（ ）.问题1选项A.of the misleading of the mediaB.opinion polls are unflattering.C.scientists are shown negatively in the mediaD.science, is considered to be dangerous问题2选项A.they think that scienc

42、e is too difficultB.they are often unsuccessful in science at schoolC.science is seen as a mans jobD.science is considered to be tedious问题3选项A.the routine everyday work of scientistsB.discoveries that the public will understandC.the more sensational aspects of scienceD.the satisfactions of scientifi

43、c work问题4选项A.isolation from the rest of the worldB.improvements on school systemC.association with femalenessD.trouble ha recruiting young talent问题5选项A.should be attributed to his individual geniusB.depends on the coordination of the societyC.shows his independent powerD.is unpredictable【答案】第1题:A第2题

44、:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.文章第三段提到人们对于科学的认知大多来源于他们在学校关于最科学的学习以及大众媒体。文章第五段和第六段讲述了大众媒体对科学工作的负面描述和夸大（The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work），因而导致了人们对科学和科学家们有误解，选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major rea

45、son why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as female提到看为什么大部分科学家是男性，女性很少的原因，因为她们认为科学就是男性的工作，因此选项C符合题意。3.文章第五段The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced: with a picture of scientists forever offending public m

46、oral sensibilities, threatening public health, or fighting it out with each other提到媒体关注的重点不再是科学实验这些繁琐的工作，而是将关注点放在科学家们没有公共道德情感、危害公众健康或者相互争斗等等，选项C符合题意。4.文章第六段第一句The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the product of individual genius, while neglecting the social

47、organization which makes scientific work possible提到大众媒体将科学工作过分私人化。作者认为如果脱离了社会组织，科学工作将无法进行。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到科学家们的工作是为了促进社会的进步what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates，因此他们依靠的是整个社会的协作，选项B符合题意。13. 单选题American literary historians are perhaps （ ）to viewing their own national scene to

48、o narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.问题1选项A.proneB.legibleC.incompatibleD.prior【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。prone “有倾向的”；legible “清晰的”；incompatible “不相容的，不能并存的”；prior “优先的”。句意：美国文学史家也许倾向于狭隘地看待他们国家的文学，误把卓越当独特。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Steel is not as as （ ）cast iron; it does not break as easily问题1选项A.elasticB.

49、brittleC.adaptableD.flexible【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。elastic “有弹性的;灵活的;易伸缩的”； brittle“易碎的，易断裂的”；adaptable “适合的; 能适应的”；flexible “灵活的；易弯曲的”。句意：钢不像铸铁那样脆，不容易断裂。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Antonio Ratti, at 78 still a king of the Italian silk industry, once warned his employees: “Dont lets become fat and lazy like the Lyon

50、nais”. Lyon, traditional center of the French silk industry since 1536, risked “losing everything, the Italian warned.Although his predication has not come true, the industry is only now showing signs of renewed vigor after seeing its pre-eminence slip over the past 50 years. Examples of the rich ro

51、pe and fabrics formerly supplied to royal counts, popes and cardinals are on show in the citys museum, but few silk companies survive on the hillside above the River Seine.While Lyon and surrounding Rhone Alps region remain the center of the French textiles industry, most of the 650 companies and 55

52、,000 workers in the sector deal in synthetic fibers. Local production of raw silk has faded almost to nothing, leaving the field to China. But by allying proven design strengths with more aggressive marketing, specialist companies are aiming to recapture markets in luxury and high fashion products,

53、such as Lyon-made Hermes scarves, and to exploit the trend towards medium-priced silk goods.“All too often the Lyonnais adopted the attitude that it was for buyers to come and discover what they had to offer/ says Ronald Currie of the Lyon-based International Silk Association.His opinion that the Ly

54、onnais are more outward-looking is confirmed by Gilles Malfroy, whose Malfroy Million sells 3 million silk scarves a year, notably in Japan. It is alsodeveloping a Chinese market by offering keenly priced quality goods different from those mass-produced by Chinese-Italian joint ventures. “Price is i

55、mportant.” Malfroy says, “But people worldwide also want variety and exclusivity”. Slowly, the French are making inroads on the market share amassed since 1945 by the Italian silk industry. But with their turnover of less than $10 million a year, Lyons weavers and printers are stilldwarfed by Rattis

56、$200 million turnover.1.According to the first paragraph, Lyonnais （ ）.2.Whats the meaning of “slip” in paragraph two?3.What can be inferred from the passage?4.Silk scarves of Malfroy Million sell well because of（ ）.5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.were employees of the F

57、rench textile industryB.were employees of the Italian silk industryC.was the Italian silk industryD.was the French silk industry问题2选项A.An unintentional and trivial mistakeB.Moving quietly and cautiously.C.A fall from some level or standardD.Narrow strip of paper.问题3选项A.The French silk products are d

58、isappearing from the world market.B.The center of the French textiles industry is changing.C.Luxury silk products help France to recapture silk market.D.The Lyonnais have not realized the danger before them.问题4选项A.their low priceB.their exclusive designC.their high qualityD.all of the above问题5选项A.th

59、e mass-produced silk goods is losing market in ChinaB.Malfroy Million is developing a Chinese market by offering keenly priced quality goodsC.Lyons weavers and printers are dwarfed by Rattis because of less turnoversD.the French and the Italian are competing with each other at the market of China.【答

60、案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon, traditional center of the French silk industry since 1536提到里昂自1536年来是法国的丝绸业的传统中心，选项B和C是关于意大利的，可以排除；文章第一段里面Ratti对员工说，“希望我们不要成为像里昂那样又胖又懒”，可知他本身也是法国纺织工业的一员。选项A符合题意。2.slip 出现在文章第二段第一句话：Although his predication has not come true, the industry is only now showin

61、g signs of renewed vigor after seeing its pre-eminence slip over the past 50 years，主要讲述了里昂作为法国纺织业中心的兴衰，renewed vigor “新的活力”，可以推断在注入新的活力之前是经过了下滑，因此 slip在这里的意思是“下滑”，选项C符合题意。3.文章第三段最后一句specialist companies are aiming to recapture markets in luxury and high fashion products, such as Lyon-made Hermes sca

62、rves, and to exploit the trend towards medium-priced silk goods提到一些公司试图通过奢侈品和高端的时尚产品重新占据市场，由此可以推断出法国纺织业公司通过生产围巾等来重新占据市场。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段“Price is important.” Malfroy says, “But people worldwide also want variety and exclusivity”提到价格、多样性以及独特性对于消费者来说都很重要。选项D符合题意。5.题目的要求是下列哪个选项在文章中没有直接讲述，但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段It is also developing a Chinese market by offering keenly priced quality goods different from those mass-produced by Chinese-Italian joint ventures提到Malfroy 正在通过价格低质量高的商品来发展市场，这些商品与之前中意合资企业生产的商品不同，由此可以推测大批量的商品正在逐渐失去市场。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题If we （ ）our relation