2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第103期

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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitude

2、s, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The

3、most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of

4、Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an

5、 organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20

6、 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary

7、, know your audience, and know your customer.41. According to the passage, which of the following is true?（ ）42. According to the author, the model of Pepsi（ ）.43. The two schools of thought（ ）.44. This article is supposed to be most useful for those（ ）.45. According to Fortune, successful internati

8、onal companies（ ）.问题1选项A.All international managers can learn culture.B.Business diversity is not necessary.C.Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.D.Most people do not know foreign culture well.问题2选项A.is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business th

9、e world aroundB.is different from the model of McDonaldsC.shows the reverse of globalizationD.has converged cultural differences问题3选项A.both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual culturesB.both advocate that dfferent policies be set up in dfferent countriesC.admit the

10、 existence of cultural diversity in business worldD.Both A and B问题4选项A.who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB.who have connections to more than one type of cultureC.who want to travel abroadD.who want to run business on International Scale问题5选项A.earn 20 percent or more of

11、 their revenue overseasB.all have the quality of patienceC.will follow the overseas local culturesD.adopt the policy of internationalization【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】41.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。A选项“所有国际经理人都可以学习文化”，根据第一段最后一

12、句话可知，有些知识只能根据经验获得，所以A选项太过绝对；B选项“商业多样性没有必要”说法错误；C选项“在商业世界中如何对待文化有不同的看法”符合题意；D选项“大多数人不了解外国文化”文中没有提到，因此C选项正确。42. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意可定位到文章第二段的第二、三句话“Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, followin

13、g the model of Pepsi and McDonalds.（在如何应对文化多样性的问题上，商界存在着两种思想流派。一是商业是世界商业，全球都在效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。）”。A选项“符合倡导商业是世界商业的学派的理论”符合题意；B选项“与麦当劳的模式不同”说法错误，两者在商业模式上相同；C选项“显示了全球化的反面”说法错误；D选项“融合了文化差异”文中没有提到。43. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题意定位到文章的第二、三段。二、三段主要描述了两种商业思想流派。A选项“二者都建议公司应该根据个人文化来调整商业方法”说法错误，这只是第二种流派的建议；B选项“两者都主张在不同

14、的国家应制定不同的政策”也只是第二种流派的建议；C选项“承认商业世界中存在着文化的多样性”符合题意；D选项“A和B都正确”错误，因此C选项正确。44. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。A选项“对文化多样性研究感兴趣的人”不符合文章大意；B选项“与一种以上的文化有联系的人”不符合文章大意；C选项“想要出国旅行的人”不符合文章大意；D选项“想要在国际范围内经营生意的人”符合文章大意，因此D选项正确。45. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段的第二句“The internation

15、ally successful companies all share an important quality: patience.（国际上成功的公司都有一个共同的重要品质：耐心。）”。A选项“海外收入占总收入的20%以上”只能说明公司很成功，并不是成功的原因；B选项“都有耐心的品质”符合题意；C选项“会跟随海外本土文化”和 D选项“采取国际化政策”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。2. 单选题The vitamins are needed for（ ）foods into energy and body maintenance.问题1选项A.shiftingB.transferringC.a

16、lteringD.transforming【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。shift意为“转移，挪动”，指位置的改变，切换；transfer意为“转移，调动”，指的是转换工作、学习、搬迁等外在的改变，而物体自身并没有变；alter意为“改变，更改”，指替换（用一个替换另一个）；transform意为“改变”，指形状、外形的改变，物体本身自己形态的改变。句意：维生素是将食物转化为能量和维持身体所必需的。3. 单选题The university refused to accept him because he was not （ ）for admission.问题1选项A.admissibleB.

17、permissibleC.eligibleD.suitable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。admissible意为“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意为“容许的，许可的”；eligible意为“有资格的，合格的，具备条件的” ；suitable意为“合适的，适当的”。句意：这所大学拒绝接收他，因为他不合入学资格。4. 翻译题It was a bleak, rainy day, and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyns house. But she

18、 had insisted that I come and see something at the top of the mountain.Turning down a narrow track, we parked the car and got out. We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles. Huge black green evergreens towered over. Gradually the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind

19、. Then we turned a cornerand I stopped and gasped in amazement.From the top of the mountain, sloping for several acres across folds and valleys were rivers of daffodils in radiant bloom. A profusion of colorfrom the palest ivory to the deepest lemon to the most vivid salmonblazed like a carpet befor

20、e us. It looked as though the sun had tipped over and spilled gold down the mountainside.A riot of questions filled my mind. Who created such beauty? Why? How?As we approached the home that stood in the center of the property, we saw a sign: ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS I KNOW YOU ARE ASKING. The first

21、answer was: ONE WOMANTWO HANDS, TWO FEET AND VERY LITTLE BRAIN. The second was: ONE AT A TIME. The third: STARTED IN 1958.As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen that I could scarcely speak. “She changed the world,” I finally said, “one bulb at a time. She started almost 40 years ago, p

22、robably just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it.” The wonder of it would not let me go. “Imagine,” I said, “if Id had a vision and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might have I accomplished?”【答案】【参考译文】凄风细雨，山路蜿蜒，我毫无兴致驱车前往女儿卡罗琳的家。可女儿一定要我前去看看山顶上的景致。转过一条狭窄的小道我们停下车出来，沿着铺满厚厚一层松针的小

23、路走去。头顶上高大的墨绿色常青树耸入云霄。渐渐地这地方的平和宁静开始令我陶醉。然后我们拐了个弯，我停下了脚步，惊诧不已。从山顶往下好几英亩的山坡上，满是怒放的水仙花，犹如江河直下，越过山坳，穿过峡谷，一片五彩缤纷：有洁净无比的象牙白，有极其浓郁的柠檬黄，有鲜艳夺目的鲑鱼橙，如同一幅地毯展现在我们而前，令人眼花缭乱。仿佛太阳倾翻了，把一片金光溢泻到了山坡上。一大堆问题在我的脑海中翻腾。谁创造了这种美景？为什么要创造？又是如何创造的？我们走近这块宝地中央的屋子，只见一块牌子上写着：我知道你要问的问题，答案如下。答案一：一位妇女，一双手，两只脚，而且天资不高。答案二：一次种一株。答案三：开始于195

24、8年。驱车回家的路上，我为所见的一切感动不已，无言以对。“她改造了世界，”我终于说道。“一次种一株。她几乎40年前就开始了。当时也许只是一念之闪，但她持之以恒。”这一奇观令我回味良久。“试想，”我说道，“如果我有一个梦想，并为之努力，每天干一点，最后我会做出怎样的成绩呢？”5. 单选题Fifty volunteers were alphabetically divided into two equal groups, Group A to participate in a 7 week exercise program, and Group B to avoid deliberate exer

25、cise of any sort during those 7 weeks. On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test. This consisted of stepping up and down on a 16-inch bench at 30 steps a minute for 5 minutes. One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was

26、taken and recorded. This served as the protest for the experiment. For the next 7 weeks, subjects in the experiment group (Group A) rode an exercycle (a motor-driven bicycle-type exercise machine) for 15 minutes each day. The exercise schedule called for riders to ride relaxed during the first days

27、ride, merely holding on to the handle bars and foot pedals as the machine moved. Then, for the next 3 days, they rode relaxed for 50 seconds of each minute, and pushed, pulled, and pedaled actively for 10 seconds of each minute. The ratio of active riding was increased every few days, so that by the

28、 third week it was half of each minute, and by the seventh week the riders were performing 15 solid minutes of active riding.At the end of the 7 weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken. The post-exercise pulse rates of subjects in the experimental grou

29、p were found to have decreased an average of 30 heart beats per minute, with the lowest decrease 28 and the highest decrease 46. The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats, with an average difference between the initial and final tests of zero.

30、1.The step-test was given （ ）.2.When were pulse rates taken?3.The exercise schedule was planned so that the amount of active riding（ ）.4.What did Group A do in their program?5.The post-exercise pulse rates of Group B were found on the average to have（ ）.问题1选项A.after each exercise periodB.at the begi

31、nning and at the end of the seven-week periodC.only once, at the beginning of the seven week periodD.twice to the men in Group A and once to the men in Group B问题2选项A.After every exercise period.B.Every day.C.After the step-tests.D.Every time the ration of active riding was increased.问题3选项A.increased

32、 every few daysB.varied from day to dayC.increased until the third week and then was kept constantD.increased every exercise period问题4选项A.They stepped up and down on a bench each day.B.They pushed and pulled on exercise handles every day.C.They rode on an exercise every day.D.They refrained from any

33、 exercise问题5选项A.not changedB.gone down 28 beats per minuteC.gone down 30 beats per minuteD.gone down 4 beats per minute【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test.（在锻炼项目开始的前一天，所有50名男子都参加了一次阶梯测试）和第二段的首句At the en

34、d of the 7 weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken.（在7周结束时，再次对两组受试者进行了逐步测试，并记录了他们的脉搏）可知B选项“在七周的开始和结束时”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的 One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was taken and recorded.（在阶梯测试完成后1分钟，记录每一位受试者的脉搏率）可知

35、选C。3.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句中的The ratio of active riding was increased every few days（主动骑行的比率每隔几天增加一次）可知选A。4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的For the next 7 weeks, subjects in the experiment group (Group A) rode an exercycle for 15 minutes each day.（在接下来的7周中，A组实验者每天骑15分钟自行车）可知选C。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Group B to avoid deliberate ex

36、ercise of any sort during those 7 weeks（B组应避免在这7周内刻意进行任何形式的锻炼）和第二段中的The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats（对照组的脉搏率率保持不变或变化不超过4次）可知B组为对照组，没有进行任何锻炼，因此选A。6. 单选题The awards added luster to the authors reputation.问题1选项A.expressionB.distinctionC.p

37、assionD.formality【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。luster意为“光泽，光彩”；expression意为“表示，表达，表露”；distinction意为“ 区别，优秀，荣誉”；passion意为“热情，激情”；formality意为“礼节，形式”。句意：这些奖项为作者的声誉增添了光彩。7. 单选题At the first glance, a forest appears to be a haphazard collection of trees, shrubs, vines, and flowers.问题1选项A.randomB.totalC.gradedD.syntheti

38、c【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。haphazard意为“无秩序的，无计划的”；random“随机的，随意的”；total意为“总计的，全部的，彻底的”；graded意为“分级的”；synthetic意为“合成的”。句意：乍一看，森林似乎是树木、灌木、藤蔓的杂乱无章的组合。8. 单选题The American society is laid on an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.问题1

39、选项A.established onB.affiliated onC.originated fromD.incorporated with【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。be laid on意为“被放置在上面”；be established on意为“被建立在上面”；没有be affiliated on这样的搭配，affiliate意为“使隶属，加入”；be originated from意为“源自于”；be incorporated with意为“与合并”。句意：美国社会建立在一个自然资源极其不稳定的基础上，这可能与环境的恶化有关。9. 单选题Successful politicians a

40、re good at giving _ answers to questions on difficult issues.问题1选项A.definitiveB.ubiquitousC.ambiguousD.ineffable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definitive“最后的；最佳的；最权威的”；B选项ubiquitous“普遍存在的；无所不在的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；D选项ineffable“不可言喻的；不应说出的；难以形容的”。句意：成功的政治家善于对棘手问题给出_答案。政治家的重要职能便是处理争端和分配利益，

41、所以他们的回答不能太过绝对化，此处填“模棱两可的”更符合句意，所以C选项正确。10. 单选题She has been melancholy for nearly two weeks.问题1选项A.upsetB.sadC.voraciousD.satiated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。melancholy意为“悲伤的，忧郁的”；upset意为“心烦的；混乱的”，指因为受挫而沮丧；sad意为“难过的，悲哀的”，指感情上的悲伤；voracious意为“贪吃的，求知欲强的”；satiated意为“满足的”。句意：她已经忧郁了将近两周了。11. 单选题Her doctor is concerne

42、d about the _ of her blood pressure since her last visit.问题1选项A.intensityB.elevationC.boostD.span【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intensity“强度；强烈；亮度；紧张”；B选项elevation“高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图”；C选项boost“推动；帮助；宣扬”；D选项span“跨度，跨距；范围”。句意：自从她上次来看病以来，她的医生很担心她的血压_。血压一般用上升、下降或高、低来形容，句子的意思应该是医生担心她的血压升高，所以B选项正确。12. 翻译题As holidays go,

43、 Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical. Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. In other words, we try t

44、o understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitudenot to mention the abundancethat Thanksgiving summons.It is tempting to think that one Thanksgiving

45、 is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isnt true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year were in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a

46、conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions.And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed emotions. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year. The shadow of a war an

47、d misgivings over the future looms in the minds of many of us. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving, but this year the holiday feels like a reminder for ourselves of what it means to be American.That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored every day of t

48、he year in the life of this nationprinciples of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is feast that no one should be turned away from. The welcome we feel makes sense only if we also extend it to others.【答案】【参考译文】在众多的假日中，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会把平时习以为常的东面看得很珍贵。我们试着，哪怕只是在吃饭前的片刻，去看透那一成不变的生活，悟出背后的道理。换

49、句话说，无论我们觉得自己是贫是富，我们总是尽力把自己看得十分富有。今天是大多数美国人有意识地把欲望放在一边的为数不多的时刻之一，这至少是因为今天我们有一颗感恩的心，更不用说还有一桌丰盛的菜肴，欲望此时光临便显得格格不入。人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客不同，菜式翻新，感恩节还是年年依旧。其实不然，感恩节这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境，反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩节我们心情愉悦，几乎是喜气洋洋，但有些年头我们却把感恩节过得相当低调，不敢骄傲，这并不是美国人惯有的情绪。那么今年呢？日后若想起今年这个感恩节，我们也许会记得，这一餐吃得五味杂陈，这毕竟是一个深具美国特色的节庆之日。但一切如旧的现状对美国人造成的

50、影响在今年似乎特别大，战争的阴影，对未来的担忧，一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。感恩节我们一般与至亲好友在一起，感受那种其乐融融的气氛，可是今年，我们似乎要借感恩节与国人一起重温身为美国人的意义。这就意味着，我们要为能有一些基本的原则而感恩，一些这个国家的生活中每日应该尊崇的原则，也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原则。所以这一餐应该是来者不拒。我们感受的节日温馨，只有与他人分享才有意义。13. 单选题Who can shed light on the reasons?问题1选项A.turn onB.explainC.dissipateD.appeal【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。shed light

51、on意为“阐明，解释，将弄明白”；turn on意为“打开”；explain意为“讲解，解释”；dissipate意为“驱散，消失”；appeal意为“上诉，申诉，呼吁”。句意：谁能解释原因呢？14. 翻译题2.改革开放30年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。【答案】【参考译文】2.As China is rising as a political and e

52、conomic world power thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture. Through learning Chinese, they have a

53、strong interest in this ancient civilization, which is quite different from their own culture. They also have the opportunity to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, medicine and food culture, and experience the elegant demeanor of this ancient civilization.15. 翻译题中国政府承诺将通过引进区域气候改善项目，关闭小煤窑和发电厂以及继续对商

54、业排放进行实验的举措，来进一步实现绿色环保的目标。在中央及各地方政府的努力下，2008年中国在节能减排方面取得一定成效。2月份国家统计局的年度报告显示，2008年中国的能耗下降了4.59%，略高于统计局之前降幅约4.21%的估计。但是数据显示两大污染物SO2和COD同2005年的水平相比，分别下降了7%和5%。根据十一五计划，到2010年，工业用水的需求量将比2005年下降20%，而森林覆盖率将占到全国面积的20%，比2005年上涨18.2%。【答案】【参考译文】The Chinese government promises to further achieve the goal of gre

55、en and environmental protection through introducing projects for improving regional climate, shutting down small coal mines and power plants and also continuing to experiment with commercial emissions. Under the efforts of the central and local governments, China has made certain achievements in the

56、 aspect of energy conservation and emissions reduction in 2008. The annual report made by the National Bureau of Statistics in February showed that Chinas energy consumption dropped by 4.59% in 2008, slightly higher than the decline of about 4.21% previously estimated by the National Bureau of Stati

57、stics. But the data indicated that the emission amount of the two major pollutants SO2 and COD fell by 7% and 5% respectively compared with those in 2005. According to the 11th five-year plan, by 2010, the demand for industrial water will be 20% lower than that in 2005, but the rate of forest covera

58、ge will account for 20% of the national territory area, rising 18.2% than that in 2005.16. 单选题A _ judge weighs all the evidence and excludes all personal feelings.问题1选项A.scrupulousB.restlessC.sarcasticD.resourceful【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项scrupulous“细心的；小心谨慎的；一丝不苟的；严格认真的”；B选项restless“焦躁不安的；不安宁的；得不到满足的”；C

59、选项sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的”；D选项resourceful“足智多谋的；机智的”。句意：一位_法官会权衡所有的证据，排除所有的个人感情。一丝不苟，严格认真符合法官形象，权衡证据以及排除个人感情说明一丝不苟，不能体现机智，所以A选项正确。17. 单选题The lost car of the Thompsons was found forsaken in the woods off the high way.问题1选项A.vanishedB.scatteredC.abandonedD.rejected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。forsake意为“抛弃，遗弃”；vanish

60、意为“消失”；scatter意为“驱散，散开”；abandon意为“放弃，抛弃”；reject意为“拒绝”。句意：汤普森一家丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在远离高速公路的树林里。18. 单选题This product is（ ）to change without notice.问题1选项A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be subject to“受支配，从属于；常遭受；有倾向的”。A选项despite的常用搭配有in despite of / despite of不管，不顾；B选项evil的常用搭配有speak evil of 说坏话；诽谤/

61、 do evil 作恶；为非作歹；干坏事；造孽；D选项crust“地壳，地表，坚硬外壳”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本产品（ ）更换，恕不另行通知。根据句意可知C选项更符合句意，因此C选项正确。19. 单选题Many people think of deserts as（ ）regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.问题1选项A.barrenB.virginC.voidD.wretched【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。barren意为“贫瘠的，不毛的”；virgin意为“未开发

62、的，原始状态的”；void意为“无效的，空的”；wretched意为“不幸的，悲惨的”。but前后的内容含义转折关系，再根据人们通常对desert（沙漠）的印象是广阔无垠的荒地，因此选A。句意：许多人认为沙漠是不毛之地，但是许多种类的植物和动物已经适应了那里的生活。20. 翻译题Confucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning; since 30, I have been well established; since 40, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused; since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty; since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other peoples words; and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”The average