2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷1

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Before police could stop the drink-crazed driver, he had crashed_another car and sent six persons to the hospital.问题1选项A.outB.againstC.intoD.on【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。crash out表示“（因极度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡觉”；crash against表示“碰撞（常发出巨大的声响或造成破坏）”，against指对立；crash into“撞上，坠毁”，into指进去

2、；have a crush on sb,表示“喜欢某人”，为固定搭配。根据the drink-crazed driver与another car可知C选项符合语义。句意：在警察还没来得及制止酒后驾车的司机，他就撞上了另一辆车，并使六个人送往医院。2. 单选题The_of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.decentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生

3、”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。3. 单选题Its an awful that your wife couldnt come. I was looking forward to meeting her.问题1选项A.harmB.sorrowC.shameD.shock【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项harm n.伤害，损害；B选项sorrow n.悲伤，懊悔，伤心事；C选项shame n.憾事，羞耻；D选项shock n.震惊，打击。根据句意可知讲话人一直希望

4、见到对方妻子，所以非常遗憾她没能来，it is a shame 表示“太遗憾了”。因此，C项是正确答案。4. 单选题African students have mounted strong protests over the measure, claiming that they are being against.问题1选项A.displacedB.discriminatedC.resentedD.disturbed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项displaced v.取代，替换；B选项discriminated v.歧视，辨别，区别；C选项resented v.怨恨，厌恶；D选

5、项disturbed v.扰乱，干扰。根据句意可知非洲学生们已经针对实施方案确立了反抗提案，声称他们遭受了种族歧视。因此，正确答案为B项。5. 单选题If no one asks any question, I_everybody understands.问题1选项A.deduceB.presumeC.pretendD.presuppose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项presume“假设，认为”；C选项pretend“假装，伪装”；D选项presuppose“假设，以为前提”。根据If no one asks any question可知B选项符合逻

6、辑搭配。句意：如果没有人问任何问题，那么我认为大家都能理解。6. 单选题Rhetoric is（）.问题1选项A.the ability to lie without revealing it with body language.B.a technique used to speak faster.C.the skill of using language persuasivelyD.the ability to interpret complex logical problems【答案】C【解析】考查名词。Rhetoric指“修辞，修辞学；华丽辞藻”。A选项表示“是一种不会因为肢体语言暴露

7、（目的）的说谎能力”；B选项表示“是一种加快说话方式的技巧”；C选项为“令人信服地运用语言的技巧”；D选项为“解释复杂逻辑关系的能力”。修辞是指运用语言技巧，努力提高语言表达和接受效果的活动。因此，C项最符合题意。7. 单选题Her dairy was full of the insignificant, happy daily that had made up her life.问题1选项A.pursuitsB.triflesC.trivialD.premise【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项pursuits n.追求；B选项trifles n.琐事，鸡毛蒜皮的；C选项trivia

8、l adj.不重要的，琐碎的；D选项premise n.假定，前提。根据句意可知，她的日记中记载着许多微不足道却又快乐的生活琐事。因此，正确答案为B项。8. 单选题Because there is evidence of severely harmful effects from chemical dumps, the government has_tougher clean-up measures.问题1选项A.imposedB.impulsedC.implementedD.incorporated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项imposed v.强加，征税，以欺骗；B选项impul

9、sed v.推动；C选项implemented v.实施，执行；D选项incorporated v. 吸收，合并，包含。根据句意可知，有证据表明化学排污引起严重危害，因此，政府已经实施了严厉的清理方案。因此，C项符合题意。9. 单选题We are in an era of information procession（）there are great opportunities for those who can qualify.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的

10、句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于in an area，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。10. 单选题After several nuclear disasters, a_has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.问题1选项A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quarrel“争吵，吵架”，强调以发生口角和吵架等形式引起的争论；B选项suspicion“怀疑，嫌疑”；C选项verdict“裁

11、定，裁决”；D选项controversy“(公开的)争论，辩论”，指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。根据the safety of nuclear energy可知核能安全是一个重要的话题，因此选D。句意：在几次核灾难之后，激起了一场关于核能安全的争论。11. 单选题Because we will never agree about this, any further discussion is（）.问题1选项A.discernibleB.heedlessC.futileD.reflective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项为“可辨别的，可识别的”；B选项为“不注意的，不留

12、心的”；C选项为“无效的，无用的”；D选项为“反射的；反映的；深思熟虑的”。根据“never agree about this”可知，因为我们在这件事上总不能意见一致，所以可知进一步讨论是没有用。因此正确答案为C选项。12. 单选题A budget of five dollars a day is totally_for a trip round Europe.问题1选项A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选

13、项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。13. 单选题You may either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it, （）way you do it; it is a good thing to break up the soil after seeding.问题1选项A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种后

14、最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。14. 单选题A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to_them.问题1选项A

15、.testifyB.verifyC.affirmD.assert【答案】B【解析】词义辨析 动词。A选项testify v.证明，作证，证实；B选项verify v.核实，查证；C选项affirm v.肯定，断言；D选项assert v.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【试题答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。15. 单选题Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more e

16、xhausting than not succeeding, being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep

17、putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones, The remedy is

18、obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult

19、 job first.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing

20、burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can, then let the unconscious take over.1. Which of the following can be called an evil circle?2. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience（）.3. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need（）.4. The word“i

21、nsurmountable”in the last paragraph probably means（）.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Success-zeal-success-zealB.Failure-tiredness-failure-tirednessC.Failure-zeal-failure-tirednessD.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion问题2选项A.tirednessB.performance fa

22、tigueC.start-up fatigueD.unconsciousness问题3选项A.toughnessB.preventionC.musclesD.strong willpower问题4选项A.that cannot be solvedB.that cannot be understoodC.that cannot be imaginedD.that cannot be objected问题5选项A.It is easier to overcome start-up fatigueB.Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are wil

23、ling to take gets blockedC.One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circleD.Fatigue often accompanies fatigue【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue,

24、 and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.可知失败会导致疲惫，而疲惫会使你更难工作，进而导致疲惫加重，于是进入恶性循环，受阻不前，影响进度。因此，B项正确。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it.可知

25、，我们会因为任务过于乏味或太难而推迟完成任务，这种情况就是start-up fatigue。因此，C项正确。3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise.可知，解决办法就是需要我们加强意志力的锻炼。因此，本题选择D项正确。4.词汇题。题干词汇insurmountable意思是不能克服的，难以解决超越的。A选项“不能被解决”，B选项“不能被理解的”，C选项“不能被想象的”，D选项“不能被否决的”。因此，A选项正确。5.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知可以通过锻炼意志

26、力来克服start-up fatigue可知A项正确。B选项可通过原文Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right.推断得出。C 选项在原文中没有明确说明，过于绝对。根据原文最后一段The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue.可知D选项正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。16. 单选题All individuals are required to_to th

27、e laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.abideB.conformC.concedeD.observe【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介词by；B选项conform“顺从，遵守，符合”；C选项concede“承认，允许”；D选项observe“观察”，observe表示“遵守”时，是及物动词，不与to搭配。根据the laws可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：所有人都必须遵守本国政府制定的法律。17. 单选题（）, Shakespeare was also a prolific writer of sonnets.问

28、题1选项A.Noting for his playsB.Notes of his plays,C.Famous playsD.Noted for his plays【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，逗号后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的动词需要变为非谓语形式，而note与主句主语Shakespeare之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案为D项。句意：看莎士比亚的作品可知，他也是一个多产的短诗作者。18. 单选题The judge rebuked the police for their treatment of the prisoner.问题1选项A.defendedB.reprove

29、dC.approvedD.ratified【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项defended v.辩护，防护，保卫；B选项reproved v.责骂，谴责，刁难；C选项approved v.批准，赞成，审核；D选项ratified v.批准，认可。根据题意法官指责了警官对待犯人的方式可知，B项符合题意。19. 翻译题Translate the following into Chinese. Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 2. In 1899, the headof the U.S. Patent Offi

30、ce proposed that his office be closed, because everything that can be invented has already been invented. Then hegot on his horse and rode home!3. This senator was terrible to his staff, particularly his speechwriter. On one occasion, he called the poor soul into his office on Fridayafternoon at fiv

31、e oclock and said, Heres a famous quote I want to usein my speech on Monday morning. But I need to know who said it. Find out bythen or youre fired.” One thing you need to know is that it happened in 1950s,when there was no such a thing called Internet.4. The Chinese have a general characteristic, a

32、 remarkable skill inimitation, which is exercised not merely in daily life, but also in art.5. Learning the rules the MLA Handbook outlines will help you becomea writer whose work deserves serious consideration.【答案】1.初级和中级研究对于语言学习的科学知识同样重要。2.1899年，美国专利局局长提议关闭他的办公室，因为所有可以发明的东西都已经发明了。然后他骑马回家了！3.这位参议员对

33、他的职员很差，特别是对他的演讲稿撰写人。有一次，他在星期五下午五点把这个可怜的人叫进办公室，说：“这是我想在星期一上午的演讲中引用的一句名言。但我要知道是谁说的。不然你就被解雇了。”有一件事你需要知道，那就是它发生在20世纪50年代，当时没有一种叫做互联网的东西。4.中国人有一个普遍的特点，即在模仿上有一种非凡的技能，这个技能不仅在日常生活中运用，而且在艺术中也运用。5.学习MLA手册中所概括的规则将有助于你成为一个认真考虑自己作品的作家。20. 单选题The whole embarrassing in the bar was a great disappointment to them and set a bad example of English hospitality.问题1选项A.incidentB.accidentC.thingD.matter【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项incident n.事件，事变，插曲；B选项accident n.事故，意外；C选项thing n.事情，东西，情况；D选项matter n.物质，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尴尬的事让他们非常失望，这为英国人的好客树立了一个不好的典范。因此，正确答案为A项。