2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及模拟押密卷43（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Square-jawed, with a pasty complexion and an athletic but not overly bulked-up build, he looks like a man meant to have a whistle around his neck.问题1选项A.sallowB.vividC.paleD.blushing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sallow“气色不好的；灰黄色的”；B选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的”；C选项pale“苍白的；无力的；暗淡的”

2、；D选项blushing“鲜红的；脸红的”。句意：他长着方下巴，脸色苍白，体格健壮但不太结实，看起来就像脖子上挂着个口哨的人。pasty“苍白的；面糊似的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Nicks new novel proves he isnt just a flash in the（ ）.问题1选项A.skyB.panC.houseD.dark【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语搭配。a flash in the pan“昙花一现，转瞬即逝，多用来形容某事持续时间短”。句意：尼克的新小说证明他并不是昙花一现。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题He knew at（ ）level

3、 that he was guilty.问题1选项A.SpiritB.gutC.soulD.eye【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项spirit“精神，心灵，情绪，志气，烈酒”，专指人的内在品质、意志和精神或者某事物的主要目的、含义、代表的精神；B选项gut“勇气，胆量，肠子”；C选项soul“灵魂，心灵，精神，鬼魂”；D选项eye“眼睛，视力，眼光，见解，观点”。句意：他知道他在精神上是有罪的。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题The（ ） in Davids character has hindered him from advancing in his career.问题1选项A.weak

4、nessB.shortcomingC.demeritD.defect【答案】D【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项weakness“指人性格、品行方面的弱点，或体制、组织、设计等方面的缺陷（强调弱点）”；B选项shortcoming“指某人或某事物所存在的不足或缺陷，通常用复数”；C选项demerit“是很正式的词语，表示事物的缺点”；D选项defect“指事物的缺点或人性格上的缺点，一般指较大的缺点、缺陷。”某某人的shortcoming是可以改的；但是某某人的weakness是需要那个人自己去克服；shortcoming只能用来指人的缺点；weakness可以用在人以外的东西上。句意：大卫性格

5、上的缺陷阻碍了他在事业上的发展。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree（ ）.问题1选项A.my education will be employed by the universityB.employment will be given to me by the universityC.the university will employ meD.I will be employed by the university【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态。该句强调的

6、对象是“我”，因此主句的主语必须是“我”。句意：根据我奖学金的条件，在结束学习之后，我将被这所大学录用。A选项强调的是“my education”；B选项强调的是“employment”；C选项强调的是“the university”；只有D选项强调的是“I”。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题I had adopted two European clubs as my own, watched their games every weekend, wasted work hours reading blogs about them, emotionally invested myself in t

7、heir travails.问题1选项A.exertionsB.grittiesC.emulationsD.stretches【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项exertion“发挥；运用；努力”；B选项gritty“坚韧不拔；多沙”；C选项emulation“仿真（效）（技术）；模仿（拟）；竞争；效法”；D选项stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（连续的）一段时间；服刑期”。句意：我接纳了两家欧洲俱乐部，每个周末都观看他们的比赛，把工作时间浪费在阅读有关他们的博客上，全身心地投入到他们的苦战中。travail“艰苦劳动；煎熬，痛苦，艰辛”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。7

8、. 单选题（ ）their terms, we would go bankrupt.问题1选项A.If we acceptB.If we should acceptC.If we had acceptedD.If we are to accept【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见的三种形式：与过去事实相反的假设，从句用“had+过去分词”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+过去分词”；与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should+动词原形”；与将来事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“should（were

9、 to）+动词原形”，主句用“should+动词原形”。句意：假如我们接受他们的条件的话，我们就会破产。表示的是与将来事实相反的假设，因此B选项正确。8. 单选题Markets had feared that Dolly might disrupt production in the Gulf of Mexico, but the storm missed the oilfields before bearing（ ）Texas.问题1选项A.down onB.down atC.away atD.away to【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。bear down on“逼近，袭击，冲向”。句

10、意：市场曾担心飓风多莉可能会打断墨西哥湾的生产，但风暴在逼近德克萨斯之前没有击中油田。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely as（ ）fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.问题1选项A.a controversialB.a statisticalC.a

11、n explicitD.an unimpeachable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controversial“有争议的；有争论的”；B选项statistical“统计的；统计学的”；C选项explicit“明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的”；D选项unimpeachable“无可指责的；无可怀疑的；无懈可击的；无过失的，无罪的”。句意：18世纪的小说中，女性的作品要比男性的多得多，但直到最近，这种主导地位一直被认为只是一个统计事实，一种只有文献学家才注意到的晦涩知识。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题It is necessary that an efficient worker（ ）

12、his work on time.问题1选项A.accomplishesB.can accomplishC.has accomplishedD.accomplish【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句句首的It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，即：that an efficient workeron time。that引导的主语从句采用了虚拟语气，其完整的 形式为 It is necessary that an efficient worker （should） accomplish his work on time. 本句省略了主句从句中的should。虚拟语气与不定式同时出现时，

13、在It is necessary + that.的结构中，that引导的主语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即should +动词原形，其中的should可省略。在不定式作形容词的主语的句式中，用It is necessary +不定式。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Often the difficulties of growing up in the public eye cause child prodigies to（ ）the world of achievement before reaching adulthood; happily, they sometimes later return

14、 to competition and succeed brilliantly.问题1选项A.ridiculeB.retire fromC.examineD.conquer【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B选项retire from“退休；退出；从退休”；C选项examine“检查；调查；检测；考试”；D选项conquer“战胜，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公众的目光下成长的困难往往导致神童在成年之前就从成就的世界中退休；令人高兴的是，他们有时会在竞争中获胜。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题A joint communique, signed on Augu

15、st 17, 1982, arrested the precipitous deterioration of the relations between Washington and Beijing but as always seemed to promise more than would be delivered.问题1选项A.propitiousB.precipitantC.propensitiousD.frivolous【答案】B【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项propitious“适合的；吉利的；顺利的”；B选项precipitant“急促的；匆忙的；突如其来的；轻率的”；C选项

16、propensitious不存在；D选项frivolous“无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的”。句意：1982年8月17日签署的一份联合公报制止了华盛顿和北京之间关系的急剧恶化，但一如既往地似乎承诺了更多的东西。precipitous“险峻的；急躁的，鲁莽的”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。13. 单选题I didnt call to make my airline reservation, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.should haveB.may haveC.must haveD.shall have【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。A选项should have“本该做却没有做”；B选

17、项may have通常接过去分词，用于虚拟语气，表示“过去可能”；C选项must have done表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测，推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过（存在过），如果must have done与by now连用，还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测，但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作；D选项shall have done通常用来表示将来完成时。句意：我没有打电话订机票，但我应该打电话订的。因此A选项正确。14. 单选题Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But

18、plants can move water much higher: the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as

19、 pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the steins of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. B

20、ut root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: H

21、ow does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, i

22、s created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When wate

23、r is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great height

24、s without being broken.1. How many theories does the author mention?2. The passage answers which of the following questions?3. How botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?4. Which of the following statements does the passage support?5. What causes the tensi

25、on that draws water up a plant?问题1选项A.OneC. ThreeB.C. ThreeB.C.ThreeB. TwoD.Four问题2选项A.What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?B.When do dead cells harm plant growth?C.How does water get to the tops of trees?D.Why is root pressure weak?问题3选项A.Some very tall trees have weak root pressur

26、e.B.Root pressures decrease in winter.C.Plants can live after their roots die.D.Water in a plants roots is not connected to water in its stem.问题4选项A.Water is pushed to the tops of trees.B.Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps.C.Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall tree

27、s.D.Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants.问题5选项A.HumidityB.Plant growthC.Root pressureD.Evaporation【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there.（根据目前公认的内聚力张力理论，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及

28、这一种理论，因此A选项正确。2.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there?（如果水不是被抽到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎么到树顶的?）”，由此可知全文是围绕水是怎么被送到树顶描写的。A选项“大气压力对树叶有什么影响？”；B选项“死细胞什么时候会损害植物生长？”；C选项“水是如何到达树顶的？”；D选项

29、“为什么根压弱？”。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.（但是根系的压力还不足以把水推到高大的树顶。此外，针叶树是最高的树木之一，它们的根系压力非常低。）”，由此可知来自树根的压力不足以使水分运输到树顶，这其中肯

30、定还有其他运输渠道存在。A选项“一些很高的树的根压很弱”；B选项“根系压力在冬季下降”；C选项“植物的根死后还能存活”；D选项“植物根中的水与茎中的水是不相连的”。因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第一句话“Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high.（大气压可以支撑一个高达10米的水柱。）”，由此可知该篇文章支持大气压把水吸引到高高的树顶。A选项“水被推到树顶”；B选项“植物学家已经证明活细胞起到泵的作用”；C选项“大气压力把水吸引到高高的树顶”；D选项“植物学家已经

31、改变了他们关于水在植物中移动的理论”。因此C选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物顶部水分蒸发的结果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸发使然。A选项“湿度”；B选项“植物的生长”；C选项“根压”；D选项“蒸发”。因此D选项正确。15. 翻译题Bookended by 9/11 at the start and a financial wip

32、eout at the end, the first 10 years of this century will very likely go down as the most dispiriting and disillusioning decade Americans have lived through in the post-World War II era. Why did so much bad stuff happen in this decade? Was it just rotten luck or something more? In large part, we have

33、 ourselves to blame.It was almost as if we said in previous decades, “Why do today what we can put off until the first decade of the 21st century?” But we didnt rise to those challenges. What we just lived through, then, was the chickens coining home to roost.If we are now watching the sun set on a

34、Decade from Hell, does it naturally follow that the next decade will be all good and glory? Of course not. And yet there are some hopeful signs. We have seen the destructiveness of deferral and neglect on infrastructure, national and global politics, financial markets and corporate governance, the a

35、wareness of that danger is much higher now.We may continue to see our global dominance erode. But very significantly, we still hold many of the worlds trump cards. If we avoid the easy outs of deferral and neglect, then the next decade should be a helluva lot better than the last one.【答案】始于9/11恐怖袭击，

36、止于金融大危机，本世纪的头10年很可能成为美国人在二战后经历的最令人沮丧、最令人幻灭的10年。为什么这十年发生了这么多坏事？是运气不好还是别的原因？在很大程度上，我们要怪自己。这几乎就像我们在前几十年说过的：“为什么今天要做我们可以推迟到21世纪第一个十年的事情？”，但我们没有直面这些挑战。这不，回顾我们刚刚所经历的一切，就是自食其果。现在，如果我们忽视这十年前从地狱里升起的太阳，那是否意味着未来十年的繁荣和荣耀会自然而然地紧随其后呢？答案是否定的，但是我们还是可以看到希望的曙光。我们已经尝尽持续不断的破坏带来的危害，以及忽略基础设施建设，忽视全国和全球政治、金融市场和政府间合作造成的恶果。而

37、现今，这些不当举措带来的危害远高于过去。我们可能会继续看到我们的全球主导地位被侵蚀。但非常重要的是，我们仍然握有许多世界王牌。如果我们能够避免不必要的错误，对重要的事件给予必要的关注，那么和过去的十年相比，未来十年间我们会有创世纪的发展。16. 单选题I dont believe you are going to have the matter looked into today,（ ）?问题1选项A.are youB.do youC.arent youD.dont you【答案】A【解析】考查反义疑问句用法。题干属于陈述部分为主从复合句的反义疑问句。一般有两种情况：当陈述部分为主从复合句“主

38、语+从句”时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致，如He knows that where I live, doesnt he？；当陈述部分为I think（believe, suppose）that.等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致，如I dont think he will come, will he? 题干陈述部分为I dont believe (that).从句部分为you are going to have.，因此A选项正确。17. 单选题If we acquiesce, well be borrowing（ ）for the future.问题1选项A.pitB.troubleC.pit

39、fallD.storm【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pit“矿井，深坑，陷阱”；B选项trouble“麻烦，烦恼，故障，动乱”；C选项pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，诱惑”；D选项storm“暴风雨，大动荡”。句意：如果我们默许，那么我们将在未来陷入到借贷麻烦中。因此B选项正确。18. 单选题With so much focus on the Ohio energy firm whose lapses may have triggered the blackout of 2003, its been hard to remember that the real question is

40、 not how it started, but why it spread so far and so fast. Rather than tackle that question head-on, most commentators have reached for the usual metaphors: it was a chain reaction, a cascading failures domino effect. All of these are borrowed from the physical sciences. Maybe a better way to look a

41、t it is in biological terms.We already use the language of epidemiology when we speak of “viruses” propagating across the Internet, “infecting” our computer. Likewise, its tempting to view the blackout, spreading from link to link along the power grid, as a pernicious kind of electrical contagion. B

42、ut thats not quite the right metaphor, either. The blackout was not caused by an infectious electrical disease; it was caused by the grids immune response to the threat of such a disease. In other words, the grid suffered a violent allergic reaction, a sort of anaphylactic shock.Just as the symptoms

43、 of a severe allergic reaction are caused not by the offending bee who stings itself but by the overzealous response of the bodys immune system to it, so the blackout was aggravated by the grids attempt to defend itself, one power station at a time. Threatened by a torrent of electrical energy gone

44、berserker overwhelmed by the sudden loads placed on it, each power plant in turn tripped its circuit breakers, detaching itself from the grid. Though this strategy achieved its desired aim-saving each plants generator from being damagedit was too myopic to serve the best interests of the grid as a w

45、hole.What is needed is a more subtle, coordinated mode of response. When our own immune systems are performing at their best, they orchestrate their defenses through countless chemical conversations among T-cells and antibodies, enabling these defenders to calibrate their response to pathogens. In t

46、he same way, the thousands of power plants substations in the grid need to be able to communicate with one another when any part of the system is breached, so they can collectively decide which circuit breakers should be tripped and which can safely remain intact.The technology necessary to achieve

47、this has existed for about a decade. It relies on computer, sensors and protective devices tied together by optical fiber so that all parts of the grid would be able to talk to one another at the speed of light-fast enough to get ahead of an onrushing blackout and confine it.The sensors would contin

48、uously monitor the voltage, frequency and other important characteristics of the electricity coursing through the transmission lines. When a line appeared at risk of being overloaded, a computer would decide whether to switch on a protective device. At present, such decisions are made purely parochi

49、ally. Power plants defend themselves first, and dont worry about the consequences for neighboring plants on the grid. Nor do they consider any potentially helpful or harmful actions that those neighbors might be taking at the same time.In the new approach, each plant would have nearly instantaneous

50、information about all the other plants and power lines in its extended neighborhood. Everyone would know what everyone else was doing and thinking. As threats arose (either from random failures or malicious attacks), the sensors would fire a flurry of warning signals down the optical fibers, and the

51、 networked computers would decide which protective devices to activate to contain the threat most effectively. The grid would then be responding as an integrated entity, not as a ragtag collection of selfish units. It would look a lot like an organism defending itself.Granted, such a distributed con

52、trol system would cost billions of dollars and, in this era of deregulation, there would be little incentive for energy companies to join forces and build it, especially when the big money is in power generation. But the construction of a system wide immune network would be well worth the cost. With

53、out it, our overburdened grid is likely to fail more and more often, and might even collapse, with costs that would be incalculable, both economically and in terms of national security. State and federal governments need to step in and provide incentives for utilities to do the right thing.Of course

54、, even if this new kind of smart defense system were to be built someday, one can already imagine an insidious disorder that might eventually outsmart it and afflict it, a catastrophic disruption of the immune system itself, rather than the grid its supposed to protect. Such a thing would be the tec

55、hnological analog of AIDS.A grim prospect, perhaps, but a realistic one. We need to stop pretending that the grid is ever going to be a perfectible machine. Just as bacteria eventually develop resistance to the antibiotics used to kill them, the defense of the grid will require ever-more inventive s

56、trategies on our part. We should recognize that the power grid needs to evolve and adapt, just like any other successful living creature.1. In the authors opinion, which of the following is an appropriate description for why the blackout of 2003 spread so far and so fast?（ ）2. The authors attitude t

57、owards the views made by most commentators on the blackout of 2003 is（ ）.3. The article says the best way to prevent such a blackout from happening in the future is to（ ）.4. Setting up a distributed control system for the grid would be（ ）.5. The article points out that the proposed preventive measur

58、es against blackouts（ ）.问题1选项A.A cascading failure.B.An electrical contagion.C.A severe allergic reaction.D.An attack by viruses.问题2选项A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.sarcastic问题3选项A.develop a new system to coordinate all plantsB.build a better system to make each plant more sensitiveC.make each plant

59、 more independent of other plantsD.suspend power when the system is overloaded问题4选项A.welcomed by all energy companiesB.unattractive to energy companiesC.useless to prevent such a blackoutD.harmful to national security问题5选项A.must cause a catastrophic disruption of the power gridB.are going to be perf

60、ect through repeated practiceC.appear to be realistic but in fact are not feasibleD.are ejected to improve as time goes by【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“it was a chain reaction, a cascading failures domino effect.（这是一个连锁反应，一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。）”和第二段“The blackout was not caused by

61、an infectious electrical disease; it was caused by the grids immune response to the threat of such a disease. In other words, the grid suffered a violent allergic reaction, a sort of anaphylactic shock.（这次停电并不是由传染性电疾病引起的；它是由网格对这种疾病威胁的免疫反应引起的。换句话说，电网遭受了剧烈的过敏反应，一种过敏性休克。）”由此可知这次停电是一次过敏反应。A选项“连锁故障”；B选项“

62、电传染病”；D选项“病毒攻击”说法都不正确，只有C选项“严重的过敏反应”符合题意，因此C选项正确。2.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Rather than tackle that question head-on, most commentators have reached for the usual metaphors: it was a chain reaction, a cascading failures domino effect.（大多数评论家没有正面回答这个问题，而是用了一些常见的比喻：这是一个连锁反应，一个连锁失败的多米诺骨牌效应。）”以及第二段作者说到“But t

63、hats not quite the right metaphor, either.（但这也不是一个正确的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不认同多数评论家的比喻。A选项“积极的”不正确；B选项“消极的”正确；C选项“中立的”以及D选项“讽刺的”都不是作者的态度，因此B选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“What is needed is a more subtle, coordinated mode of response.（现在需要的是一种更微妙、更协调的反应模式。）”。A选项“开发一个新的系统来协调所有的发电厂”；C选项“让每个发电厂独立于其他电厂”和D选项“系统过载时暂停供电”都不符合题意，只有B选项“建