高考倒装句详解及练习

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1、倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。一、完全倒装用法归纳完全倒装，即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有：1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Heres Tom. 汤姆在这里。Theres Jim. 吉姆在那儿。

2、Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。

3、Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Do

4、wn came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿

5、着一本杂志。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。有这样一道题: In the letter _ these words，“I love you”.A. wasB. wereC. sawD. found此题应选B。选项A，C，D都有可能被误选。对于此题，考生首先要弄清它是一个倒装句，其正常词序为：These words I love you were in the letter. 为了结

6、构紧凑和平衡，才使用此倒装句式。又如：轮船上有2000余人。正：On the ship were more than 2000 people. 正：More than 2000 people were on the ship. 值得注意的是，以上这类倒装句，还涉及主谓一致问题：墙后是一些高树子。正：Behind the wall are some tall trees. 误：Behind the wall is some tall trees. 老师四周围着一些年轻的学生。正：Around the teacher were some young students. 误：Around the t

7、eacher was some young students. 这两座山之间有一个小村庄。正：Between the two hills was a small village. 误：Between the two hills were a small village. 盒子里有一些小球。正：In the box are some small balls. 误：In the box is some small balls. 这类句子，有的考生之所出错，是因为他们把句首的介词短语看作主语，从而把谓语与介词短语中的名词保持一致。关于这个问题，有个比较简单的方法可以判定：即在英语中介词短语通常不能作

8、主语，假若一个句子的主语位置是一个介词短语，考生应考虑是否是一个倒装句。4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。二、部分倒装用法归纳部分倒装，即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般

9、疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有：1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means，under no circumstances，on no account，In no case，On no condition，no way等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。Little do we know his li

10、fe. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他几乎没时间听音乐。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. 等到失去了健康，才明白它的价值。Under no circumstances are ch

11、ildren allowed in the bar. 在任何情况下也不能允许儿童进酒吧。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。 No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了。涉及not onlybut also的部分倒装not onlybut also前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的分句不用倒装。如：Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she

12、 also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。2. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句

13、首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。注意：在only后作状语的是从句时，从句不要用倒装，要部分倒装的是主句。如： Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the

14、plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。使句此句型需注意以下几点：内容是肯定时，用so，内容是否定时，用neither或nor；“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, did；“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。H

15、e didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时，可省略 if，将 were, should, had 置于句首。如：Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。Had I realized that(=If I had realized tha

16、t), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动(from )。5. so.that 结构中，将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。类似地，当suchthat结构的such置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒

17、装。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。三、涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装请看下面一道考题：_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student这道题很有一定难度。具体说来，它主要涉及两

18、个考点：一是让步状语从句倒装后的词序问题。让步状语从句之所以要采用倒装结构，主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词、动词等，其词序形式为：被强调的成分+as / though + 主语+动词。二是在倒装的让步状语从句中，位于句首的单数可数名词是否带冠词的问题。按照英语习惯，英语中的单数可数名词在泛指时，一般要有不定冠词的修饰，但是位于倒装让步状语从句句首的单数可数名词是个例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠词。由此可知，上面这道考题的答案应为B。为了帮助同学们全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法，本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型：（一）、名词+as / though+主语+动词King as he

19、 was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子，但却知道帮助别人。Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较：Boy as though he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though Althou

20、gh he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。Strong man as though he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though Although he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考

21、验。二、形容词+as / though+主语+动词Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。Improbable as it seems, its true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。Beautiful though th

22、e necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。三、副词+as / though+主语+动词Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。Hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。Fast as you read, you cant

23、finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如：Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with

24、you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。四、动词原形+as / though+主语+动词Object as you may, Ill go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，

25、但必须承认他的伟大。Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词)。五、分词+as / though+主语+动词Raini

26、ng hard as it is, Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all Johns movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。【三条补充说明】1. 这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though 来引导，但不能用although来引

27、导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导，而不能用as来引导。也就是说，although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。正：Late as though it was, we still went on working. (from )正：Though Although it was late, we still went on working.误：Late although it was, we still went on working.

28、误：As it was late, we still went on working.2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较：Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步) Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因)Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他虽

29、年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(表让步) Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因) 3. 在美国英语中，人们通常用asas引导让步状语从句。如：Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不骄傲。四、涉及倒装的13个高考英语高频考

30、点1. 考查never置于句首时的倒装当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）(1) Never in my wildest dreams _ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)A. I could imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldnt imagineD. couldnt I imagine(2) Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than

31、 it is today. (上海卷)A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为DD）(1) Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)A. he realizedB. he didnt

32、 realizeC. didnt he realizeD. did he realize(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German (天津卷)A. haveB. didC. hadD. do 3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）(1) Seldom _ any apology when mistakes are made. A. we receiveB. do we receiv

33、eC. we receivedD. did we receive(2) Seldom _ an article that was so full of lies.A. have I readB. I have readC. had I readD. I had read4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Hardly _ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London. A. had they

34、reachedB. they had reachedC. have the reachedD. they have reached5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为AC）(1) Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner _ than it happened. (天津卷)A. had she goneB. she had gone C. has she goneD. she has gone(2) No s

35、ooner _ mowing the lawn than it started raining.A. have I startedB. I have startedC. had I startedD. I had started6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷)A. can you findB. you could fi

36、ndC. you can findD. could you find7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为D）Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. (重庆卷)A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not

37、satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装当not onlybut also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）_ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did

38、they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装当notuntil句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装当“onl

39、y+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为DA）(1) Only then _ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize(2) _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江卷)A. Only B. JustC. StillD. Yet11. 考查“so+形容

40、词”置于句首时的倒装当sothat句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为BB）(1) _ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business(2) So difficult _ it to work out

41、the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (广东卷)A. I did findB. did I find C. I have foundD. have I found12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“也一样”“也是如此”。如：（答案为CA）(1) My room gets very cold at night. _. (江苏卷)A. So is mineB. So mine isC. So does mineD. So mine does(2)

42、 Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. _ yesterday. (福建卷)A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装nor neither do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“也一样”“也是如此”。如：（答案为B）If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. (全国II)A. he will eitherB. neither will heC. he neither wil

43、lD. either he will五、倒装练习1. So much of interest _that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all08上海 Aoffers Beijing BBeijing offers Cdoes Beijing offer DBeijing does offer2. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _ 08辽宁 AI was neither Bneither was I CI was either

44、 Deither was I3. _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. 08江苏 A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will4. Seldom_ video games ever since they entered college.08湖北A. they have played B. they played C. have they played D. they have pl

45、ayed5. It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes. 08江西A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted6. Only when I left my parents for Italy _how much I loved t

46、hem 08重庆AI realized BI had realized Chad I realized Ddid I realize7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.08陕西A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop8. If Joes wife wont go to the party_. 07全国2A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D.

47、 either he will9. - How was the televised debate last night? - Super! Rarely _ so much media attention. 07上海A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate10. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. 07辽宁A. h

48、ave I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt11. My room gets very cold at night. _. 07江苏A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does12. Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his ownway in this business. 07安徽A. he realized B. be didnt realize

49、C. didnt he realize D. did he realize13. _ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. 07陕西A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business14. Did Linda see the traffic accident? No, no sooner _ than it

50、happened. 06天津A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone15. Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years. 06上海A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands16. -Its burning hot today, isnt it? -Yes. _yesterday. 06福建

51、A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it17. So difficult _it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 06广东A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found18. I reminded you not to forget the appointment. . 06江西A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So

52、do I19. Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditions06安徽AI could imagine Bcould I imagine CI couldnt imagine Dcouldnt I imagine20. At the foot of the mountain _. 06四川A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village21. Ive tried very hard to im

53、prove my English. But by no means _with my progress. 06重庆A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied22. Only then_ how much damage had been caused. 06陕西A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize4