2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷96

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1、2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert, （ ） it means standing in a queue all night.问题1选项A.as ifB.even ifC.providedD.whatever【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项as if“犹如，好似”；B选项even if“即使；虽然”；C选项provided“ 假如，倘若”；D选项whatever“无论什么”。句意：Rod决心要为音乐会弄一个座位，即使这意味着要排整晚的队。由句意可知后面

2、是让步状语从句，故选B。2. 单选题（ ）of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.问题1选项A.To be freeB.To freeC.FreeingD.Freed【答案】D【解析】句意:摆脱了冰块的负担之后，气球向上朝南方飘去。语法题。考查非谓语动词。句子的后半部分已经完整，因此空格处应填入动词的非谓语形式，前半部分作为整句的状语。句子的主语是“气球”，动词free与其之间是被动关系，故选D项。3. 单选题He asked me to lend him some money, which I

3、 agreed to do, （ ）that he paid me back the following week.问题1选项A.on occasionB.on purposeC.on conditionD.only if【答案】C【解析】句意:他要我借给他一些钱，我答应了，但条件是他下星期还钱。考查短语辨析。on occasion 偶尔，有时；on purpose 故意；on condition 在条件下，如果；only if 只要，只有。空格所在句说的是借钱的条件，因此C项正确。4. 单选题Why bother cooking? You dont have time, of course

4、(or you think you dont). That is the big reason. But you also dont do it as well as the professionals, so its tempting to let them handle it for you. Or at least let them give you a head start in the form of meal-assembly shops, cake mixes and canned, frozen and pre-chopped ingredients. Michael Poll

5、an thinks you should bother. His latest book, Cooked, is a powerful argument for a return to home cooking.Scores of food writers and editors, myself included, have long lamented the increasing influence of corporations on the publics diet. We have seen the slow retreat from the kitchen as a primary

6、contribution to Americas obesity epidemic and other health and environmental ills. But perhaps only Pollan can so effectively pick up the threads of so many food movements, philosophies and research papers and knit them into a compelling narrative with a crystal-clear message. He writes “The best wa

7、y to recover the reality of food, to return it to its proper place in our lives, is by attempting to master the physical processes by which it has traditionally been made.”Dont bet against him. Because of the power of his prose and his reasoning, Cooked may prove to be just as influential as Pollans

8、 other book. The Omnivores Dilemma, possibly the single most-cited text by those who profess concern with how our eating choices affect planet.As in The Omnivores Dilemma, Pollan have known that his credibility depends on a willingness to practice what he preaches, so in Cooked he takes just as much

9、 of a hands-on approach as he suggests his readers do. He divides the book into four sections in this case, the classical elements of fire, water, air and earth. Each represents a type of cooking - barbecue, braising, bread baking and fermentation - and, as the books subtitle promises, explores cook

10、ing as no less than a transformation of nature into food and drink.The results are fascinating, but the magic of Cooked lies not in its ability to unlock the secrets of slow-roasting a whole hog or brewing beer. There are much more helpful, intensive instructional materials for that kind of thing. N

11、o, what Pollan pulls off is even more impressive. He manages to illuminate the wealth of connections that stem from our DIY time in the kitchen. “To cook for the pleasure of it,” he writes, “to devote a portion of our leisure to it, is to declare our independence from the corporations seeking to org

12、anize our every waking moment into yet another occasion for consumption.”1.“Corporations” (Paragraph 2) in the passage refer to those who（ ）.2.To encourage a return to home cooking. Pollan advises（ ）.3.What is true about The Omniores Dilemma?4.“Fermentation (Paragraph 4) is likely to be talked about

13、 in the section of（ ）.5.The passage is most likely to be（ ）.问题1选项A.sell you junk foodsB.teach you how to cook foodsC.prepare or process foods for youD.do the home cooking for you问题2选项A.seeking for professional helpB.teaching the processes of cookingC.understanding philosophies about foodD.launching

14、many food movements问题3选项A.It expresses concern over the environmentB.It is about the dilemma the planet is faced withC.It is about the dilemma of home cookingD.Its author takes a practice-oriented approach问题4选项A.fireB.waterC.airD.earth问题5选项A.a review of a bookB.a defense for a course of actionC.a gu

15、idebook for cookingD.an instruction for consuming food【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:词义题。根据题干定位至第二段: Scores of food writers and editors, myself included, have long lamented the increasing influence of corporations on the publics diet (包括我在内的几十位食品作家和编辑长期以来一直在哀叹corporations对公众饮食的影响越来越大)。因此对corpo

16、rations的理解可参照上段: But you also dont do it as well as the professionals，so its tempting to let them handle it for you (然而，你也可能做饭做得没有专业人员那样好， 因此让他们为你处理饭是吸引人的)，以及: Or at least let them give you a head start in the form of meal-assembly shops, cake mixes and canned, frozen and pre-chopped ingredients (或至

17、少让他们以餐点装配商店、蛋糕材料、罐装、冷藏和预先剁碎的材料的形式给你一个有利的开端)。由此可知，corporations指那些为你准备或加工食物的人。第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出: .The best way to recover the reality of food, to return it to its proper place in our lives, is by attempting to master the physical processes by which it has traditionally been made (要恢复食物的真实性，使它回到我们生活中的适当位

18、置，最好的方法就是试图掌握传统上制造食物的物理过程)，由此可知B项“教授烹饪的过程” 正确。第3题:细节事实题。由题干关键词The Omniores Dilemma定位至第四段: As in The Omnivores Dilemma. Pollan have known that his credibility depends on a willingness to practice what he preaches (如同在杂食动物的困境一书中一样，Pollan知晓他的可信性依赖于愿意去实行他所讲道的)，由此可知D项“它的作者采取了一个以实践为导向的方法”正确。第4题:细节事实题。倒数第二

19、段指出: He divides the book into four sections in this case, the classical elements of fire, water, air and earth. Each represents a type of cooking barbecue, braising, bread baking and fermentation.( 在这种情况下，他将这本书分为四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、 面包烤制和发酵)，由此可知D项“大地”正确。第5题:判断推理题。倒数第二段提到: He divide

20、s the book into four sections in this case, the classical elements of fire, water, air and earth. Each represents a type of cooking barbecue, braising, bread baking and fermentation.( 这种情况下，他将这本书分成四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、 面包烤制和发酵)，由此推测这篇文章可能是一篇书评。5. 翻译题Translate the following passage in

21、to ChineseSome old people are troubled by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear they will be killed in a battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But

22、 in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows and has done whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat ignoble. The best way to overcome it so at least it seems to me is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego reced

23、e, and your life becomes increasingly part of the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grow wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more

24、quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become part of the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.【答案】有些老年人恐惧死亡。要是年轻人这样想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在战争中阵亡的年轻人，想到自己被生活所欺骗，错失了生命中最美好的东西，感到苦涩理所当然。但对于一个饱尝了人间悲欢离合，实现一生抱负的老人来说，恐惧死亡就有点不光彩了。战胜对死亡的恐惧的最好的方法是至少对我而言是可行的一一逐步拓宽你的兴趣，并使其不受人际感情的影响，直到自我的围城慢慢地

25、消失，你的生命加快融入到众生之中。一个人应当像一条河流，开始时窄而浅，静静流淌于两岸之中，然后，奔腾冲击于岩石之间，飞流直下于高崖之处。慢慢地，河流越走越宽，河岸逐步退去，水流更显平缓，直到最后， 毫无迹象地融入大海，平和地失去了个体的存在。6. 单选题Each of the early articles about television is invariably accompanied by a photograph or illustration showing a family cozily sitting together before the television set. Jen

26、ny sat on Moms lap. Buddy perched on the arm of Dads chair, Dad with his arm around Mons shoulder. Who could have guesses that twenty or so years later Mom would be watching a drama in the kitchen, the kids would be looking at cartoons in their room, while Dad would be taking in the ball game in the

27、 living room?Of course television sets were enormously expensive in those early days. The idea that by 1975 more than 60 percent of American families would own two or more sets was preposterous. The splintering of the multiple-set family was something the early writers could not foresee. Nor did any

28、one imagine the number of hours children would eventually devote to television, the common use of television by parents as a child pacifier, the changes television would effect upon child rearing methods, the increasing domination of family schedules by childrens viewing requirements in short, the p

29、ower of the new medium to dominate family life.After the first years, as childrens consumption of the new medium increased, together with parental concern about the possible effects of so much television viewing, a steady refrain helped to soothe and reassure anxious parents. “Television always ente

30、rs a pattern of influence that already exists: the home, the peer group, the school, the church, and culture generally.” Write the authors of an early and influential study of televisions effects on children. In other words, if the childs home life is all right, parents need not worry about the effe

31、cts of all that television watching.But television does not merely influence the child; it deeply influences the “pattern of influences, that is meant to ameliorate its effects. Home and family life has changed in important ways since the advent of television. The peer group has become television-or

32、iented, arid much of the time children spend together is occupied by television viewing. Culture generally has been transformed by television. Therefore it is improper to assign to television the subsidiary role its many apologists (too often members of the television industry) insist it plays. Tele

33、vision is not merely one of a number of important influences upon todays child. Through the changes it has made in family life, television emerges as the important influence in childrens lives today.Televisions contribution to family life has been an equivocal one. For while it has, indeed, kept the

34、 members of the family from dispersing, it has not served to bring them together. By its domination of the time families spend together, it destroys the special quality that distinguishes one family from another, a quality that depends to a great extent on what a family does, what special rituals，ga

35、mes, recurrent jokes, familiar songs and shared activities it accumulates.1.The reason for why early illustration about television shows an entire family watching TV together might be（ ）.2.The quotation in the third paragraph illustrates that（ ）.3.According to the passage, television brings changes

36、to all of the following spheres EXCEPT（ ）.4.What does television do to domestic life according to the author?5.The aim of the author in writing the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.that people regarded TV as a means to bring together the whole familyB.that early TV programs were so intersecting that everybody i

37、s the family was attracted to themC.that people at that time couldnt imagine that they could afford more than one television at homeD.that people had a more leisurely life than they do now问题2选项A.television exerted a great influence in societyB.some authors wanted to relieve the parents worries about

38、 the possible negative effect of television on children.C.television did exert a bad influence on childrenD.television changed the already existed pattern of influences问题3选项A.technologicalB.religiousC.domesticD.educational问题4选项A.It destroys the formerly peaceful environment that is typical of a fami

39、ly.B.It isolates each individual family.C.It sharpens the difference between one family and anotherD.It makes all families the same in terms of their domestic activities问题5选项A.informB.commentC.explainD.change a long-standing view【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出: Of course television

40、sets were enormously expensive in those early days. The idea that by 1975 more than 60 percent of American families would own two or more sets was preposterous (当然，电视机在早期是非常昂贵的。到1975年，超过60%的美国家庭将拥有两套或更多的电视机，这种想法在当时看来是荒谬的)。因此C项“当时，人们无法想象一个家庭拥有一台以上电视机”正确。第2题:细节事实题。对第三段引号部分内容的理解可参考第三段第一句: After the fir

41、st years, as childrens consumption of the new medium increased, together with parental concern about the possible effects of so much television viewing, a steady refrain helped to soothe and reassure anxious parents (后来，随着孩子们对看电视时间的增加，加上家长们担心看这么多电视可能产生的影响，早期有一个很有影响力的关于电视对孩子影响的研究，其作者不断重复的话 让很多家长消除了忧虑

42、)。因此选B项“一些作者想消除家长对于看电视会对孩子产生的负面影响方面的担忧”。第3题:细节事实题。第三段第二句指出: Television always enters a pattern of influence that already exists: the home, the peer group, the school, the church, and culture generally (电视总是会通过进入已经存在的影响模式产生影响：家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化)。因此，此题选A项 “技术”。第4题:判断推理题。最后一段指出: it has not served to bri

43、ng them together, it destroys the special quality that distinguishes one family from another (它通过支配家人在一起的时间，毁掉了每个家庭独一无二的特性)。因此D项“使得所有家庭的家庭生活同一化”正确。第5题:作者意图题。文章主要阐述了现在电视对人类生活产生的影响，如家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化等各个方面，因此C项“阐述”正确。7. 单选题You dont have to install this radio in your new car, its an（ ）extra.问题1选项A.exces

44、siveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary【答案】B【解析】句意:你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机，它是一个可选的附加设备。考查形容词辨析。excessive 过多的；过分的；optional 可选择的：随意的；additional 附加的；额外的：arbitrary 武断的；专制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机”可知，B项正确。8. 单选题The governments new cyber-security officials yesterday asked telecommunications companies for help in b

45、uilding a government computer network that would have no risk of outside penetration a task some computer security consultants say is nearly impossible. Plans for the private network, called Govnet, hinge on whether a reliable network infrastructure can be built at an affordable price, officials sai

46、d. Computer system consultants said they could not estimate how much the network would cost because of the governments enormous size and security needs. Richard Clarke, who was appointed special adviser to the president for cyberspace security this week, said he believes a more reliable system can b

47、e built. Ninety percent of available fiber-optic space is unused and fairly inexpensive to obtain, he said.Govnet is part of a plan Clarke announced earlier this week to secure our cyberspace from a range of possible threats, from hackers to criminals to terrorist groups, to foreign nations, which m

48、ight use cyber-war against us in the future. Govnet would be completely independent from the Internet to help keep out hackers and viruses, according to the governments plan. The request from the General Services Administration asks that telecommunications companies submit proposals about how the ne

49、twork could be built, how much it would cost, and how long it would take to construct.This year, the current network has been breached by hackers, computer worms and viruses. The system was also roughed up by the Code Red computer worm and an attack program called “I Love You. The viruses affected t

50、housands of government computers. Last year a report by the General Accounting Office, an internal government watchdog, found weaknesses in the computer network that could allow terrorists or hackers to severely damage or disrupt national defense or vital public operations or steal sensitive data. C

51、larke said the governments current virtual private network is vulnerable to viruses and denial-of-service attacks that would make it more difficult to execute Govnet.An internal network, such as the Govnet proposal, is worth investigating but will probably fall to sophisticated hackers, said Am it Y

52、oran. chief executive of the security-services company Riptech Inc. and a former information-security program director at the Defense Department. It is probably more feasible to implement and strongly enforce global security postures and practices rather than go out and purchase new assets.” Yoran s

53、aid. “Once someone is able to get in, they will find a weak link. When you have a network the size of the governments there will be weak links. Someone will get in.”1.According to the passage, what is Govnet?2.It is implied that some computer consultants consider Govnet to be almost impossible becau

54、se（ ）.3.By what means will Govnet realize the enhancement of the governments cyber-security?4.What Amit Yoran said amounts to denying（ ）.5.The initiative for constructing an internal network stems from（ ）.问题1选项A.A reliable network infrastructure that can be built at an affordable price.B.A governmen

55、t computer network that may prove immune to penetration.C.A national security system to be developed by the government.D.A private national security system to be developed against outside invasion.问题2选项A.a considerable cost will be requiredB.there isnt a reliable network infrastructure yetC.it is to

56、tally different from the InternetD.no telecommunications company can afford it问题3选项A.By stepping up its virus-killing software.B.By scanning for viruses and attacks constantly.C.By secluding itself from the Internet.D.By establishing an internal watchdog committee.问题4选项A.the feasibility of building

57、a security programB.the efficiency of the present network in countering outside attacksC.the conceived security of GovnetD.the possibility of enhancing the security of the government network问题5选项A.the vulnerability of the present network to outside attacksB.the improvement in network security techno

58、logyC.the desire to build a stronger national defense systemD.the proposals submitted by telecommunications companies【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。Govnet的意思可参考首句: The governments new cyber-security officials yesterday asked telecommunications companies for help in building a government

59、computer network that would have no risk of outside penetration (政府新的网络安全官员昨天要求电信公司帮助建立一个不会受到外来入侵威胁的政府计算机网络)。由此可知，B项 “一个可能证明免于侵入的政府计算机网络”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第一段指出: Computer system consultants said they could not estimate how much the network would cost because of the governments enormous size and security

60、needs (计算机系统顾问们称，由于政府的巨大规模和安全需要，所以他们无法估算该网络的花费)。由此可知A项“需要相当大的花费”正确。第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出: Govnet would be completely independent from the Internet to help keep out hackers and viruses, according to the governments plan (根据政府的计划，Govnet将完全独立于互联网，以帮助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C项“通过让自身与互联网隔离开”正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位至最后一段Yoran所说

61、:Once someone is able to get in, they will find a weak link. When you have a network the size of the governments there will be weak links (一旦有人能够进入，那么他们将会找到一个薄弱的连接。当你有一个政府网络大小的网络时， 这里将会有薄弱的连接)。因此，选C项“(Yoran所说的等于否定了)设想的政府网络的安全性”。第5题:细节事实题。题干意为:构建内部网络的倡议来自于。倒数第二段指出: This year, the current network has

62、been breached by hackers, computer worms and viruses (今年，现在的网络被黑客、计算机蠕虫和病毒攻破过)。因此，A项“现在的网络对外来攻击的脆弱性”正确。9. 单选题If profit and money are your first（ ）, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.问题1选项A.potentialityB.priorityC.superiorityD.responsibility【答案】B【解析】句意:如果利润和金钱是你首先

63、考虑的事情，对人的义务是你最不关心的，那你的教育就失败了。考查名词辨析。potentiality 潜能;可能性;priority 优先考虑的事;优先权; superiority 优越;优势; responsibility 责任;职责;义务。根据句中first(首先)以及后面的 your least concern(你最不关心的事情)可知B项正确。10. 单选题The presidents（ ）remarks in his speech met with a lot of attacks from other countries.问题1选项A.offensiveB.impressiveC.permissiveD.expressive【答案】A【解析】句意:总统在演讲中的攻击性言论遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击。考查形容词辨析。offensive 攻击的，冒犯的，令人不适的；impressive 令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的；permissive 许可的，自由的，放任的；expressive 表现的，有表现力的。根据题干关键词“遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击”可知A符合句意。11. 单选题