2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第120期

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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The producers refused to even talk about residuals. They put forth a simple and （ ） question:Why should any employee be paid more than once for the same job?问题1选项A.compellingB.componentC.competentD.compulsive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项compelling “令人信服的，引人注目的”，B项compo

2、nent “组成的”，C项competent “有能力的”，D项compulsive “强制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒绝提到剩余工资并提出了一个简单而又引人注目的问题：为什么雇主要为一次同样的工作付两次钱？因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Some parents （ ） education with exam success.问题1选项A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项equal “等于”，B项equate “视为平等”，C项equalize “使相等”，D项名词equality “平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考试成绩优秀视为

3、一样。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Some things simply cannot be altered and （ ） people accept this, not wasting energy on trying to do the impossible.问题1选项A.roughB.plasticC.harshD.resilient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项rough “粗糙的”，B项plastic “塑料的”，C项harsh “严厉的、刺耳的”，D项resilient “可迅速恢复的、坚韧的”；句意：有些东西根本无法改变，有韧性的人能接受这一点，不会浪费精力来做不可能的事

4、。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Im worried about washing that shirt in case it （ ）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease “减少”，B项contract “收缩”，C项constringe “使收敛”，D项名词shrink “缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题The law can （ ） fathers to make regular payments for their children.问题

5、1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compel “强迫、迫使”，B项comply “遵守、顺从”，C项complain “抱怨”，D项combine “联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for t

6、hree credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to （2） a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which

7、（5） I would be learning from one of the games （6）. I could hardly wait to （7） him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it （9） that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to （10）

8、the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14）.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley

9、, Im still putting to use what he （15） me: “the absolute most important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17）.On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent is doing and （19） the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring

10、true today in my （20）as a journalist.问题1选项A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down问题2选项A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay问题3选项A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired问题4选项A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor问题5选项A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant问题6选项A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest问题7选项A.interviewB.meetC.ch

11、allengeD.beat问题8选项A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job问题9选项A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible问题10选项A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe问题11选项A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare问题12选项A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally问题13选项A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment问题14选项A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.sit

12、uation问题15选项A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised问题16选项A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill问题17选项A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments问题18选项A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control问题19选项A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate问题20选项A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D第9题

13、:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查上下文语义和动词短语。A项put forward “提出”，B项jumped at “欣然接受，急切的接受”，C项tried out “试验、考验”，D项turned down “减小，调低（声音）、拒绝”；上文说I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credit

14、s.（我被告知教育部门为学生提供了一门免费的课程思考象棋，这门课程有三个学分），由此可以看出是欣然/急切的接受了这门课程，因此选B。2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项waste “浪费”，B项earn “获得”，C项save “节省、储蓄、保存”，D项pay “支付”；上文提到急切的接受这门课程，推断是因为“我”想省钱；所以此处用“save”最合适，save money “省钱、存钱”；因此选C。3. 【试题解析】考查语义和形容词辨析。A项excited “感到激动的”，B项worried “担心的”，C项moved “感动的”，D项tired “疲劳的”；通过even if I weren

15、t （ ） enough about free credits, news about our （ ） was appealing enough to me句子和上文“我”对免费课程是欣然接受的态度来看，关于免费的学分“我”是感到激动的；句意：即使免费的学分不足以让我感到激动，但关于的消息就足够吸引我。因此A项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语义和名词辨析。A项title “标题”，B项competitor “对手”，C项textbook “教科书”，D项instructor “指导员、教员”；根据下文He was an international grand master （他是一位国际象棋大师

16、），由此看，此处需要填入的词义为“老师/指导员”；因此此处D项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项urge “驱策、催促”，B项demand “要求”，C项hold “持有”，D项mean “意味着”；根据句子He was an international grand master, which （ ） I would be learning from one of the games，可以推断句意是“他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味着我将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习”，因此此处D项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。A项fastest “最快速的”，B项easiest “最容易

17、的”，C项best “最好的”，D项 rarest “最罕见的”；根据上文“我”的导师是国际象棋大师，可知 “我”将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习；one of the best “最好的之一、数一数二”；此处C项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项interview “面试、采访”，B项meet “见到”，C项challenge “挑战”，D项 beat “打败”； 根据句子“I could hardly wait to （ ） him” 可以知道句意“我等不及要去见他了”；cant /can hardly wait to do sth.等不及干某事。因此此处只有B项正确。8. 【试题解

18、析】考查名词辨析。A项chance “机会”，B项qualification “资格”，C项honor “荣誉”，D项 job “工作”；上文说Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach（Maurice Ashley善良又聪明，他是以前的一位毕业生，后来回来教书），可知此处词义是“工作”；因此D项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项real “真正的”，B项perfect “完美的”，C项clear “清楚的”，D项possible “可能的”；根据句子he made it （ ） th

19、at our credits would be hard-earned猜测句意应是“他给我们说清楚了这个学分会很难拿到”；make it clear“弄清楚、说清楚”，因此此处C项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项attend “参加”，B项pass “通过”，C项skip “跳跃”，D项 observe “遵守、观察”；上文提到这个学分很难拿到，按照逻辑，此处应该是通过考试。句意：为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇论文。因此B项符合。11. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项add “添加”，B项expose “暴露”，C项apply “应用”，D项compare “比较”；上文说学分很难拿

20、，本句说“我们”必须写一篇论文，猜测句意是：我们必须写一篇论文关于怎么把我们学的知识应用到未来的职业生活中。此处需要填入的词义为“应用”；apply to “把应用到”。因此C项符合。12. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A项eventually “最终地”，B项naturally “自然地”，C项directly “直接地”，D项normally “正常地”；上文说“我们”写一篇关于怎么把课堂里学到的知识应用于未来职业中的论文，这里要表达的是递进的意思，句意是：最终我们将课堂学到的知识应用到我们的生活中。因此A项符合。13. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项game “游戏”，B项presenta

21、tion “介绍”，C项course “课程”，D项experiment “实验”；上文谈到为了通过考试，需要写一篇论文，此处应该与上文对应填course，句意是：我设法在这门课程拿了个A。因此C项符合。14. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项criterion “标准”，B项classroom “教室”，C项department “部门”，D项situation “情况”；前面说到and learned life lessons that have served me well（学到的人生经验让我受益匪浅），可以推断“我”是在这门课学到的，这是超越课堂之外的，因此应该填classroom；句意

22、是：我还学习到了课堂外对我受益匪浅的生活课程。因此B项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项teach “教”，B项write “写”，C项question “提问”，D项promise “承诺”；根据句子Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （ ） me来看，这里的he是指Ashley，即“我”的老师，老师对学生是教授。句意：十年之后，我仍然在运用Ashley在课堂上教我的方法。因此A项正确。16. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项fact “事实”，B项step “步”，C

23、项manner “方式”，D项skill “技能”；此句句意是：你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能就是如何做出好的决定。因此D项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。 A项grade “分数、等级”， B项decision “决定”，C项impression “印象”，D项comment “评论”；此处表达的应该是“如何做出好的决定”；make decision “做决定”。因此B项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项analyze “分析”，B项describe “描述”，C项rebuild “重建”，D项control “控制”；此句on every single move

24、you have to （ ） a situation表达的应该是“下棋时你的每一步都要分析形势”。因此A项正确。19. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项announce “宣布”，B项signal “发信号”，C项block “阻塞”，D项evaluate “评估”；此句process what your opponent is doing and _ the best move from among all your options表达的应该是“审清你的对手要干什么，然后评估出最好的一步”。因此D项符合。20. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项role “角色”，B项desire “欲望”，C

25、项concern “涉及，关系到”，D项behavior “行为”；此句These words still ring true in my （ ） as a journalist表达的应该是“现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然正确”；另外提到了journalist “记者”，是一种职业，所以填role符合语义。因此A项正确。7. 单选题This will allow our citizens to build connections with peoples overseas and to develop skills and contacts that will help them

26、 （ ） in the global economy.问题1选项A.surviveB.striveC.thriveD.stride【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项survive “生存”，B项strive “努力、奋斗”，C项thrive “繁荣”，D项stride “跨过”；句意：这将使我们的公民与海外人民建立联系，发展技能和增加接触，帮助他们在全球经济环境中生存。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题The discussion quickly （ ） into an angry argument.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declin

27、ed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate “恶化”，B项aggravate “加重、激怒”，C项increase “提高”，D项decline “拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Put both vegetables into a bowl and （ ） with a potato masher.问题1选项A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项crash “碰撞”，B项crush “压碎”，C项clash “冲突”，D项crack “使破裂”；句意：把这两种蔬菜都放进碗里，用捣

28、土豆器捣碎。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any （ ）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不能获得任何股息。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题

29、The （ ） for travelling without a ticket is 200.问题1选项A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析。A项形容词penal “刑事的、刑罚的”，B项名词panel “仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize “处罚、处刑”，D项名词penalty “罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily （ ） into a nightmare of t

30、he most serious proportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A项backwash “回流、反响”，B项backdate “回溯”，C项backlash “强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motions and drag us thro

31、ugh the material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do the same. That doesnt mean you have to live with it. Avoid those fear-run workplaces. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies theyve read about or heard about

32、where passion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that fear is not primary motivator for getting to results.Although Ive found that most organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companies who are quite cle

33、ar about what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve. They are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecting it to joy: joy f

34、or our customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were doing.Many believe this kind of mission focus can only occur in the non-profit world. This couldnt be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations

35、, large and small. They are still rare, though, so it wont necessarily be easy to find them, but it is worth your time to pursue this search. Some of you will be inclined to do what I ultimately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of

36、 a noble yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success.

37、Learning produces joy, regardless of the industry youre in. Become a student again. Read books, study organizations, and stretch yourself to try new things. If you are in a technical or a support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts with its customers. S

38、ign up for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Learn to present in front of others. Sign up to speak at conferences, and then go listen to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The authors purpose in u

39、sing teachers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldnt be further from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), the author means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we learn about the authors joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end of the passage?问题1选项

40、A.emphasize the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of job trainingD.argue against fear-run workplaces问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are customer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-profit world has hidden

41、 rulesB.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes after profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on his free will and selfish pursuit.B.It comes from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working around him.D.It is b

42、ased on his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a variety of roles to be successful.C.Keep a good relationship with customers.D.Seek other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了？”。第一段陈述的例子

43、是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持的公司？”。第二段第三句The people who work there are focused not on themselves

44、, but on those they serve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small.（有许多成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有规模小的；C项“用奖励激励员工”和D项“关注自我形象”未提及，因此B选项正确。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“通过第三段第一行This coul

45、dnt be further from the truth，作者的意思是他认为？”。第三段第一句Many believe this kind of in the non-profit world.（很多人认为这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面）与This couldnt be further from the truth.（这与事实相差甚远）衔接，第二句话是作者觉得很多人认为的这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面的想法是错误的。A选项“非盈利组织有隐藏规则”没有提到；B选项“使命揭示了公司的真相”，这不是作者表达的意思；D选项“一个公司真正追求的是利益”，这个是人们认为公司是以利

46、益为目标的，不是作者的看法。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于作者的工作乐趣我们了解到什么？”。第三段最后两句Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit I create my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.（创业精神促使我走上了一条崇高但自私的追求之路我创造了令我有成就感

47、的工作，但是如果这项工作对我周围工作的人没有回报的话，那么对我来说也没有成就感可言了）；从这两句看，作者的快乐是来自于他身边的人得到了回报，最终是得到身边人对工作的满意度。A项“主要取决于他自由的意志和自私的追求”这是作者的创业精神，不是工作的乐趣；C项“工作使他去激励身边的人”，真正的快乐是对身边的人赋予回报，不仅仅是激励，文中也没有提到激励；D项“基于他对自己的商业技能有坚定的信念”也不是作者快乐工作的原因。因此只有B项符合题意。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“在文章的最后，作者是提出了一个什么建议？”。最后一段提到To learn to love your job, its im

48、portant to find a job where learning is a requirement to success.（要学会热爱你的工作，那么找到一份只有学习是通往成功必经之路的工作是很重要的），另外作者陈述了做不同的工作应该如何学习的建议。B项“扮演各种各样的角色会成功”不符合题意，作者只是阐述了不同的角色应该如何学习；C项“和客户保持良好的关系”在最后一段没有提到；D项“寻找需要你的技能的其他公司”，最后一段第五行and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours（了解世界上其他人想从你们这

49、样的公司得到什么），没有提到寻找其他公司。因此此题A项正确。14. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the start of the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appeared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：

50、特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题A piece of glass was embedded （ ） her hand.问题1选项A.withB.withinC.inD.inside【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项with “和”，B项within “在之内”，C项in “在里”，D项inside “内部、内侧”；句意：一块玻璃扎在她的手上。embed in “嵌入”；因此C选项正确。16. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America

51、is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more fi

52、rmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic America

53、n values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretica

54、lly, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business

55、, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that compet

56、ition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social cl

57、ass background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of

58、America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who can benefit from business competition?4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the pass

59、age that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportu

60、nityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in prese

61、rving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“句子The business