2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷36（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The president made a （ ） speech at the opening ceremony of the sport meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.问题1选项A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。选项A：vigorous “充满活力的”;选项B:tedious “沉闷的， 冗长乏味的”；选项C：flat “单调的，平坦的，不景气的；”;选项D：harsh “严厉的,刺耳

2、的”。由句意可知校长的发言激励了运动员，因此本题选项A更符合题意，正确。句意：校长在运动会的开幕式上发表了充满活力的讲话，极大地鼓舞了运动员。2. 单选题As a（ ）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】句意:作为一个多才多艺的演员，他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器。考查形容词辨析。flexible 灵活的,柔韧的；versatile 多才多艺的

3、，万能的，通用的；sophisticated 复杂的，久经世故的，富有经验的；productive 多产的，富有成效的。根据后面句意 “他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器”可知B项正确。3. 单选题The travel agency has a full program of（ ）, if tourists wish to visit local places of interest.问题1选项A.expeditionsB.excursionsC.explorationsD.propositions【答案】B【解析】句意:如果游客想游览当地的名胜古迹，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行计划。考查名词辨

4、析。expedition 远征，探险;excursion 远足，短程旅行;exploration 探测；proposition 命题，提议。根据 “当地的名胜古迹”可知四个选项中，B项正确。4. 单选题The board of the company has decided to（ ）its operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.问题1选项A.extendB.enlargeC.expandD.amplify【答案】C【解析】句意:公司董事会决定扩大经营范围，将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内。考查动词辨析。extend

5、延伸；扩大（尤指时间或空间的延长）；enlarge 扩大（主要指面积或体积等的扩大）；expand 扩张；发展（指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加）;amplify 扩大；增强（常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强，也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。）。根据后面的句意“将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内”可知C项正确。5. 单选题With all this work on hand, he （ ） to the cinema last might.问题1选项A.mustnt goB.wouldnt goC.oughtnt goD.shouldnt have gone【答案】D【解析】语法题。考查虚

6、拟语气。句意：因为手头有这些工作要做，他昨晚不该去看电影的。由句意可知这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，故选D项，表示 “本不该去看电影”。6. 单选题Among the many subjects in school, mathematics is probably the most（ ）one, depending least on a students background and culture.问题1选项A.universalB.abstractC.arbitraryD.concrete【答案】A【解析】句意:在学校的许多科目中，数学可能是最全球化的一门，因为它丝毫不会取决

7、于学生的文化背景。考查形容词辨析。universal 普遍的，通用的，全世界的；abstract 抽象的，纯理论的;arbitrary 任意的，武断的，专制的;concrete 实在的,具体的。根据后面句意 “因为它丝毫不会取决于学生的文化背景”可知这里应该指数学可能是最全球化的一门学科。7. 单选题Charles Weiss, programme director of science and international affairs at Georgetown University in Washington D.C, was the banks science adviser in t

8、he early 1980s. He believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own efforts. This, he says, is partly because they have the support of senior executives, particularly James Wolfensohn, the banks president and partly because the bank is no

9、w keen to promote knowledge-based development.Unusually for a lending institution, the World Bank possesses world-class expertise on the projects and the regions where it lends money. Of its 8,000 staff, 3000 have a PhD-level qualification, and many of these are top-ranked researchers headhunted fro

10、m universities. The quantity and quality of the banks research is consistently high.But this more analytical aspect of the banks work has always been overshadowed by its lending arm -known as operations -which has generally considered research to be a function of lending, rather than an activity in

11、its own right. In 1987, half of the research staff were sent to work in operations.This tension between the research and lending wings remains, and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit. In particular, the need for a new department for scienc

12、e is being questioned by some who do not want to see science confined to a ghetto and think it should be part of the lending portfolio of all of the banks departments.Some Operations staff have yet to be convinced of the merits of raising the banks research profile or funding research in developing

13、countries. They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs in poorer counties which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.The reaction from developing countries will be an important test of the new strategy. The richer countri

14、es of Southeast Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East are likely to be more receptive than poorer countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the bank is not popular, and where almost 50 percent of bank-assisted projects have failed during this decade.1.Which of the followin

15、g is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?2.We can infer from the passage that （ ）.3.One of the challenges for raising the banks research profile lies in （ ）.4.The word“infrastructure” （Paragraph 5） most probably refers to （ ）.5.The best title of the passage maybe “（ ）”.问题1选项A.The World Bank used to attach

16、 importance to research in the early 1980s.B.The banks senior executives are in favor of Charles Weisss promotionC.The bank is now keen to establish a new department for scienceD.James Wolfensohn is thinking about utilizing the banks research resources.问题2选项A.top-ranked researchers were eager to wor

17、k in operationsB.the new strategy has had a successful result in some developed countries.C.the lending wing is reluctant to consider research as an independent activityD.science has long been overshadowed because the banks research work was not efficient问题3选项A.lack of investment in scienceB.the rea

18、ction from senior executivesC.the lending wings negative attitudeD.low credit ratings问题4选项A.the basic facilities, services, and installationsB.the interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entityC.an underlying base or foundationD.something constructed问题5选项A.Research Portfolio of the World

19、BankB.A New Strategy of the World BankC.Tension Between Two wingsD.Lending Operations in Developing Countries【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:判断推理题。A: 世界银行在20世纪80年代早期习惯于重视研究。第一段指出：He believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own ef

20、forts（他相信，让世界银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功）。由此可知A项不符合原文所述。B: 银行的高级管理人员赞成提拔查尔斯韦斯。此选项中的查尔斯韦斯并未在第一段中提及。C:世界银行现在渴望为科学建立一个新部门。第一段确实提及：the bank is now keen to promote knowledge-based development（世界银行现在渴望推动基于知识的发展），但并不能说明C项正确。D:詹姆斯沃尔芬森正在考虑利用世界银行的研发资源。因此，本题选D。第2题:判断推理题。A:顶级研究人员渴望在运营部门工作，文章并未提及此项。B:这一新战略在一些发达国家取得

21、了成功。第四段指出: if the new strategy is to bear fruit (如果新的战略要取得成果)，以及最后一段指出：The reaction from developing countries will be an important test of the new strategy（来自发展中国家的反应将是对新战略的一个重要测试）。由此可知，新战略还未取得任何成果，因此B项错误。C: 放贷部门不情愿将研究当成是一个独立的活动。第三段指出：.which has generally considered research to be a function of lend

22、ing, rather than an activity in its own rights（世界银行的放贷部门）认为研究是放贷的一个功能而不是一个独立的活动）。因此C项正确。.D:世界银行的研发工作不够，文章并未提及此项。因此本题选C。第3题:细节事实题。第五段指出：They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs（他们认为应该更多关注传统性的基础设施需要）。因此可知放贷部门对研究持消极态度，这种态度明显对提升银行研究关注度构成了挑战，因此C项正确。第4题:词义题。“inf

23、rastructure”所在句为：They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs in poorer counties which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital （他们认为，应该更多地关注贫困县的传统需求，因为这些县的信用评级较低，很难获得私人资本）。由此可知，infrastructure needs是指代“基础设施需求”。故选A项“基本的设施、服务和设备

24、”。第5题:主旨大意题。全文主要内容是:世界银行正研究投资，后面讲了此研究的原因以及面临的挑战。因此，A项 “世界银行的研究投资组合”比较适合做文章标题。8. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. What remains pertinent is the reports vision of the role of government in research, including his assertion that

25、 the federal government had both the authority and the obligation to support basic research.2. The criticism and budget cuts directed at universities have created unease and a corresponding search for solutions.3. We wouldnt have networks capable of handling massive amounts of data if physicists and

26、 astronomers hadnt continuously forged tools to look more deeply into the universe.4. Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender.5. When a man is wrong,

27、he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we havent.【答案】1.该报告对政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，他认为联邦政府有权利，也有义务支持基础研究。2.针对大学的批评以及削减其财政预算，既造成了不安定因素，又激发了解决相应问题的探索精神。3.如果物理学家和天文学家不曾连续发明工具，以便更深入地探讨宇宙的话，我们就不会有能够处理大量信息的网络系统。4.对于

28、各项计划的评估，不要看其令人们高兴的程度，让人们满意的程度，而要看其引起的不满情绪属于什么性质。5.当一个人犯错误时，他就是错了，不必因震于他的大名，或震于他的高深学问，而对他有所畏惧。9. 单选题In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions

29、to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and

30、 business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War II, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to en

31、sure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc. to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms.In the America of our own lime, the great

32、educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines （science, technology, engineering, and math）. There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essen

33、tial disciplines. India, China. Japan and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities while still popular in elite colleges and universities have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, no

34、t just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials （资质）for most

35、 nonacademic careers.Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. Bu

36、t the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished （贫困的）without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we ca

37、n do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have

38、 defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.1.In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could（ ）.2.Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World War II?3.Why are American scholars worried about ed

39、ucation today?4.What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?5.Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?问题1选项A.solve virtually all existing problemsB.help raise peoples living standardsC.quicken the pace of industrializationD.promote the nations so

40、cial progress问题2选项A.They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.B.They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.C.They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.D.They realized science and technology

41、alone were no guarantee for a better world.问题3选项A.The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.B.Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.C.America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.D.There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.问题4选项A.Insufficient

42、fundingB.Shortage of devoted facultyC.Shrinking enrollmentD.Dim prospects for graduates问题5选项A.They promote the development of science and technology.B.They help prepare students for their professional careers.C.Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.D.Humanistic thinking helps culti

43、vate students creativity.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出: science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem (科学与技术似乎几乎为所有问题提供了解决方案)。由此可知，A项“解决几乎所有存在的问题”正确。第2题:判断推理题。第一段指出: Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientif

44、ic expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world (两次世界大战和一次大萧条动摇了许多人的信心，他们曾认为只有科学知识才能创造一个繁荣有序的世界)。以及:After World War II, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy (第二次世界大战后，学术界对人文主

45、义研究产生了新的热情，这在许多学者看来是确保民主生存的最佳途径)。由此可知，D项“他们认识到仅有科学和技术不能保证一个更好的世界”正确。第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出: There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines (在这些基本学科方面，美国正落后于许多其他发达国家，这个担忧是相当合理的)。因此C项“美国在STEM学科上正落后”正确

46、。第4题:细节事实题。第三段指出: Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves (政府、基金会和学术机构本身为人文学科所提供的资金都严重不足)。因此A项“资金不足” 正确。第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出: But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defin

47、ed our culture and values (然而，也试着去想象我们的世界没有定义我们文化和价值的引人注目的作品)。由此可知，作者认为人文主义研究重要是因为人文主义思想帮助定义了我们的文化和价值观。故选C。10. 单选题Her lecture covered a wide（ ）of topics, ranging from the heated controversy to academic reflection.问题1选项A.extentB.rangeC.collectionD.number【答案】B【解析】句意:她的演讲涉及从激烈的争论到学术反思的广泛话题。考查名词辨析。exten

48、t范围；程度（尤指事物延展的范围、高度或距离）；range 范围；幅度（尤指认知、知识、经验或能力方面的范围）;collection采集;收集;number 数字;号码。这里选择B项比较合适，a wide range of topics表示 “广泛话题”。11. 单选题Our species evolved on the move. Recent research on the effects of exercise and the consequences of sedentary living has shown that physical activity is crucial to t

49、he proper processing of foods that we eat. In fact, most of the chronic and often life-threatening ailments that besiege Americans in epidemic proportions could be tempered by regular exercise. Among them are heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, and osteoporosis. But lets face it

50、: most people are not motivated to exercise by what it may do for them 20 years down the pike. What gets people like me out moving every day is what exercise does for me right now, especially how it allows me to enjoy eating without gaining. I, along with millions of Americans, have discovered that

51、exercise is the key to permanent and painless weight control.After hearing a description of my usual daily exercise schedule -a morning run or bike ride and an evening swim, sometimes with an hour of tennis in between some people remark, “Wouldnt it be a lot easier to eat one less bagel a day and sk

52、ip all that exercise?” My answer is, “Easier, yes, but not nearly as effective nor as much fun”. Heres why exercise, not dieting, is the best route to a leaner, lighter you.Far better for your health and, your future to lose primarily fat is in the first place. The only way to do that is through exe

53、rcise, which uses body fat as its main source of energy. You may not see that initial rapid (but false) weight loss, but what you lose will be what you want to lose fat, not muscle or water. Your loss will be slow but steady, and, if you make exercise a regular part of your life, chances are your lo

54、ss will be permanent, too. If its any consolation, studies have shown that in most cases, the faster people lose weight, the more likely they are to regain it. Slow loss, then, is the secret to lasting success.If you want to lose weight faster than you can with just exercise, simply combine exercise

55、 with a reduced-calorie diet. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, showed that exercise can counter the metabolism-lowering effect of a low-calorie diet in many people. It also seems to curb the adverse caloric effect of aging on body metabolism. Whereas ordinarily your metabolism wou

56、ld slow down as you get older (which is one reason people get fatter in middle age even though they dont eat more), if you continue to exercise regularly, you may keep your youthful metabolic rate by maintaining a muscle body instead of losing muscle and putting on pounds of fat.1.What can be inferr

57、ed from the passage?2.Which of the following statements about weight control is NOT true?3.Most middle-aged people get fatter, mainly because（ ）.4.Which of the following would be a best title for the passage?5.The passage is mainly about（ ）.问题1选项A.The slower people lose weight, the less likely they

58、are to achieve their goalsB.People who are on diet merely lose muscle and water.C.Regular exercises may reduce the chance of getting certain chronic diseases.D.Physical activity use muscle tissue as its main source of energy问题2选项A.The exercise is the secret to permanent and successful weight control

59、B.Combining exercises with a reduced-calorie diet make it easier to lose weight.C.Healthy weight control means lose primary fat, not muscle or water.D.To eat less and skip the exercise is an easy and effective way of losing weight.问题3选项A.the chemical activity in their body that uses the food to prod

60、uce energy slows downB.they made dietary changes when they grow oldC.of their sedentary livingD.they dont exercise regularly问题4选项A.Eating Without GainingB.Exercise: an Effective Weight-loss ToolC.Metabolic Changes in Human BodyD.Ways of Weight Control问题5选项A.how to keep fitB.how to lose weightC.the b

61、enefits brought about by regular exercisesD.exercises and diet【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段第三句指出:In fact, most of the chronic and often life-threatening ailments that besiege Americans in epidemic proportions could be tempered by regular exercise (事实上，困扰美国人的大多数慢性疾病与危及生命的疾病是可以通过规律性锻炼

62、来调节的)。因此，C项 “规律性锻炼能够降低患慢性疾病的机率”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Easier, yes, but not nearly as effective nor as much fun (的确是很容易减肥，但是远没有期望的那么有效果)。由此可知D项“少吃且少运动是最简单且有效的减肥方法”不符合原文所述。第3题:细节事实题。第四段第四句指出了中年人发胖的原因:your metabolism would slow down as you get older（which is one reason people get fatter in middle age even

63、though they dont eat more）(随着年龄增长，新陈代谢速度减慢（这也是为什么人到了中年时期尽管吃得不多也很容易发胖 的原因）)。因此，A项“体内用以产生能量的化学分解活动速度减慢”正确。第4题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了规律性锻炼对于健康以及减肥的作用，并且比较了其相对于通过饮食控制来减肥的好处。因此B项“运动是有效的减肥方法”比较适合做文章标题。第5题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了规律性锻炼对于健康以及减肥的作用，并且比较了其相对于通过饮食控制来减肥的好处。故答案为C项“规律运动带来很多益处”。12. 单选题The Space Age（ ）in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析