2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷67

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1、2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Water is the giver and, at the same time, the taker of life. It covers most of the surface of the planet we live on and features large in the development of the human race. On present predictions, it is an cement that is set to assume even greater significance

2、.Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives. Humankind has always had a rather ambiguous relationship with water, on the one hand receiving enormous benefit from it, not just as a drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to trade. But forced to l

3、ive close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has not always been peaceful or beneficial. In fact, it has been quite the contrary. What has essentially been a necessity for survival was turned out in many instances to have a very destructive and life-threatening side.Throug

4、h the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once lush and fertile are n

5、ow barren; lakes and rivers that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our native wonder when faced with the forces of nature.Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world. Floods in far-flung places are instant news

6、 for the whole world. Perhaps these events make us feel better as we face the destruction of our own property by floods and other natural disasters.In 2002, many parts of Europe suffered severe flood damage running into billions of euros. Properties across the continent collapsed into the sea as wav

7、es pounded the coastline wreaking havoc with sea defenses. But it was not just the seas. Rivers swollen by heavy rains and by the effects of deforestation carried large volumes of water that wrecked many communities.Building stronger and more sophisticated river defenses against flooding is the expe

8、nsive short-term answer. There are simpler ways. Planting trees in highland areas, not just in Europe but in places like the Ganges Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution. Progress is already being made in convincing countries that the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

9、is causing considerable damage to the environment. But more effort is needed in this direction.And the future? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025. But for a growing number of regions of the world the future

10、is already with us. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is causing conflict. The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water with the Rio Grande failing to reach the Gulf of Mexico for the first time in 50 years in t

11、he spring of 2002, pitting region against region as they vie for water sources. With many parts of the globe running dry through drought and increased water consumption, there is now talk of water being the new oil.Other doom-laden estimates suggest that, while tropical areas will become drier and u

12、ninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as the polar ice caps melt. Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas. Todays holiday hotspots of southern Europe and elsewhere will literally become h

13、otspots too hot to live in or visit. With the current erratic behavior of the weather,it is difficult not to subscribe to such despair.Some might say that this despondency is ill-founded, but we have had ample proof that there is something not quite right with the climate. Many parts of the world ha

14、ve experienced devastating flooding. As the seasons revolve, the focus of the destruction moves from one continent to another. The impact on the environment is alarming and the cost to life depressing. It is a picture to which we will need to become accustomed.1.The writer believes that water（）2.Hum

15、ankinds relationship with water has been （）3.The writer suggests that（）4.According to the passage, planting trees（）5.By 2025, it is projected that （）6.According to the passage, in the future low-lying islands （）7. According to the writer,（）问题1选项A.is gradually becoming of greater importanceB.will hav

16、e little impact on our lives in futureC.is something we will need more than anything elseD.will have even greater importance in our lives in future问题2选项A.two-sidedB.one-sideC.purely one of great benefitD.fairly frightening问题3选项A.we are in awe of the news we read and see on TV every dayB.change to th

17、e environment leaves us speechlessC.we should not be in awe of the news we read and see on TV every dayD.our surprise at the environmental change brought about by nature is something new问题4选项A.has to be coordinated internationallyB.is more expensive than building sea and river defensesC.is a less ex

18、pensive answer to flooding in all regionsD.is not an answer to the problem of flooding in all regions问题5选项A.at least half the world population will have fresh waterB.one-third of the world population will have fresh waterC.the majority of the world population will have fresh waterD.fresh water will

19、only be available to half of the world population问题6选项A.will still be habitableB.will not be under waterC.are likely to be under waterD.will probably not be under water问题7选项A.people do not need to get used to environmental damageB.people will need to get used to climate changes that cause environmen

20、tal damageC.people are now more used to environmental damage than they have been in the pastD.the general despondency about environmental changes is ill-founded【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:B【解析】第1题:细节推断题。根据第一段的第一句“On present predictions, it is a cement that is set to assume even greater sig

21、nificance.”可知选项D符合原文。第2题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句“Humankind has always had a rather ambiguous relationship with water.”人类与水一直有一种相当模糊的关系，一方面.（积极的），另一方面.（消极的）。所以说是双面性的，选项A正确。第3题:细节推断题。根据第三段的最后一句“What perhaps is new is our native wonder when faced with the forces of nature.”也许当我们面对自然的力量时，我们对此感到惊奇，觉得这是一件新鲜事。选项D符

22、合原文。第4题:细节推断题。根据关键词“planting trees”定位到第六段第三句“Planting trees.is a cheaper and more attractive solution.”选项C符合原文。第5题:细节事实题。根据关键词“2025”定位到第七段第二句“If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025.”到2025年世界人口的三分之二将没有淡水。选项 B世界人口

23、的三分之一拥有淡水， 换了一种表达方法，但符合原文。第6题:细节事实题。根据关键词“low-lying islands”定位到原文第八段首句“.coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea.”沿海地区和一些低洼岛屿极有可能被海水淹没。选项C符合原文。第7题:细节推断题。根据最后一段的最后两句“The impact on the environment is alarming and the cost to life depressing. It is a pi

24、cture to which we will need to become accustomed.”环境影响令人担忧，生活需要付出的代价令人沮丧。这是我们需要习惯的画面。选项B符合原文。2. 单选题The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several ch

25、apters, mainly in, but not limited to. journalist and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the how to aspects or journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the how to material is based on personal experiences an

26、d general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research litera

27、ture in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and art

28、icles present, the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal w

29、ith the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern. Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat fami

30、liar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interv

31、iew. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic inter

32、view, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that（）2. Much research has been done on interviews in general（）3. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview（）4.Who is the interviewee in

33、 a clinic interview?5.The passage is most likely a part of（）问题1选项A.generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalismB.concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to .journalistic interviewingC.importance should be attached to the

34、systematic study of journalistic interviewingD.personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews问题2选项A.but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedB.though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much at

35、tentionC.so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedD.and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing问题3选项A.but most of them wish to stay away from itB.and many of them hope to be interviewed some dayC.but most of them may not have

36、been interviewed in personD.and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it问题4选项A.The psychologist.B.The physician.C.The journalist.D.The patient.问题5选项A.a news articleB.a prefaceC.a research reportD.a journalistic interview【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:根据第一段的最后两句“As we know,

37、 in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.”正如我们所知，在新闻领域和在其他领域一样，可以从对专业实践的系统研究中学到很多东西。这样的研究汇集了证据，从中可以发展出广泛而普遍的原则。所以第一段主要是说要重视对新闻采访的系统研究。选项C符合原文

38、。第2题:根据第二段“Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. ”不幸的是，大量关于采访的一般文献很少关注新闻采访。选项A符合原文。第3题:根据第二段“However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. ”然而，我们中很少有人真正接受

39、过大众媒体，特别是电视的亲自采访。选项C符合原文。第4题:根据第二段“ In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help.”专业人士或者采访员对那些寻求诊断和治疗帮助的人更感兴趣，以此来获得重要的信息。那些寻求诊断和治疗的人就是病人，选项D正确。第5题:这篇文章最后可能来自于 。选项A一篇新的文章，范围太广；选项C研究

40、报告，一般科学成果才会有研究报告，可以排除。选项D记者采访，很明显本文不是采访的文体，而是就新闻采访展开讨论，所以选项B前言正确。3. 单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities and literally thousands of health spas developed around

41、 the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobic, but rather on weight-train

42、ing programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in there primarily male enthusing. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, hea

43、lth benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females, Many current program focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included me

44、asures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance mi

45、ght also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness Program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activities and fitness objectives of Healthy Peo

46、ple 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.1.The word spas(Sentence 2, Paragraph 1) most probably refers to （）.2.Early fitness spas were intended mainly for（） .3.What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?4. People were given physical fi

47、tness tests in order to find out .5. Recent studies have suggested that weight training （）.问题1选项A.sports activitiesB.places for physical exerciseC.recreation centersD.athletic training programs问题2选项A.the promotion of aerobic exerciseB.endurance and muscular developmentC.the improvement of womenD.bet

48、ter performance in aerobic dancing问题3选项A.PositiveB.IndifferentC.NegativeD.Cautious问题4选项A.how well they could do in athleticsB.what their health condition was likeC.what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD.whether they were fit for aerobic exercise问题5选项A.has become an essential part of peop

49、les lifeB.may well affect the health of the traineesC.will attract more people in the days to comeD.contributes to health improvement as well【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:注意关键词“capitalize”，本意是资本累积，在这里指从中获利。能够获利的只有选项B和C，所以首先排除选项A和D。根据上下文的内容，”spas”应该指为健身运动提供场地的健身场所而不是娱乐场所，所以选项B符合原文。第2题:根据第一段“A

50、number of fitness spas.endurance in there primarily male enthusing.”在这项有氧健身运动之前，许多健身中心已经存在，甚至在大多数大城市都有全国性的连锁健身中心。然而，他们的重点并不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养肌肉质量、力量和耐力的举重训练项目，主要是男性的热情。由此可知，选项B符合原文。第3题:根据第一段“since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits.”医学界的观点认为健身项目并不会

51、给健康带来多大的好处。所以态度是消极的，选项C正确。第4题:根据第二段的第一句“Historically.not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics, ”不是因为健康相关的原因，主要是因为这些健康因素和运动中的表现息息相关。选项A符合原文。第5题:根据第二段“However, in recent years, .to improve muscular strength and enduranc

52、e might also offer some health benefits as well.”近年来，有证据表明，主要为增强肌肉力量和耐力而设计的训练项目也可能对健康有益。选项D符合原文。4. 翻译题发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向。2004年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大型调查，结果发现，近40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而25岁以上的印度人只有约3.3%受过中学以上教育。人才流失问

53、题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产品。【答案】When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the devel

54、oped world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain,Canada Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates. Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of India

55、n households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3. 3% of all Indians over the age of 25. The brain drain has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skille

56、d workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.5. 翻译题The entry of the Anglo-Saxon peoples into Britain, and their centuries-long successful struggle to establish Germanic kingdoms there, is among the m

57、ost famous ventures of the Age of Migrations, but like other historical events of the time it is obscure in much of its detail: the identity and place of origin of the peoples taking part, the needs and desires that moved them to entry and conquest, the lines of invasion, the duration of native resi

58、stance, the historicity of the British Arthur （亚瑟王）.【答案】盎格鲁萨克逊民族进入英国，并经过几百年的斗争，最终在那里建立起日耳曼王国，那是移民时代最为著名的冒险故事。但是和其他同时期的历史事件一样，这些事迹的很多细节模糊不清：如参与迁移民族的发源地以及他们的身份，他们处于什么样的需求和愿望进入并征服大不列颠，入侵的路线，当地人抵抗的时间持续了多久，以及亚瑟王传说的真实性。6. 案例题This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision o

59、f how the world will look in 2056, from gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the worlds finest minds believe our futures will be.For those of us lucky enough to live that long, 2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth, where obesity is a remote memory

60、and robots become our companions.We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself. The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexhaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have

61、killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice. Will we really, as todays scientists claim, be able to live for ever or at least cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150?Of course, all th

62、ese predictions come with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker says: “This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners that were made 50 year ago.”Living longerAnthony Attala, director of the Wake Forest Instit

63、ute in North Carolina, believes failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow the ageing process by using the same process to “tune” cells.Bruce Lehn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the ability to produce” unlimited supplies” of transplantable human organs without the needed a new organ, such as kidney, the surgeon would contact a commercial organ producer, give him the patients immune-logical profile and