2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷16

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Being somewhat short-sighted, Sally has developed the habit of at people.问题1选项A.peeringB.gazingC.glancingD.scanning【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。四个单词均有“看”的意思，但又有区别。Peer指当看不清时仔细去端详；gaze表示由于对某事物感兴趣或者惊讶而注视；glance表示快速地瞥一眼；scan表示非常仔细地察看某事物。根据前半句的意思“由于她近视”，因此可知选项A符合题意。句意：由于有点近视

2、，萨丽养成了盯着他人看的习惯。2. 单选题Though he wheedled and threatened, she didnt any details of the plan.问题1选项A.give offB.give awayC.give overD.give up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。give off “发出（光）等”；give away “赠送，丧失；泄露”；give over “停止；交出”；give up “放弃；交出”。句意：尽管他时而甜言蜜语，时而威胁，她没有透露计划的任何细节。3. 单选题_ I admit that there are problems, I d

3、ont think that they cannot be solved.问题1选项A.WhileB.UnlessC.AsD.Since【答案】A【解析】考查连词的用法。句意：尽管我承认有问题，但我不认为它们不可解决。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted

4、 to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universe

5、s are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. D.Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is

6、in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting, and so on, is not very dissimilar from

7、the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of or even of earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary cha

8、nges as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sc

9、iences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social

10、 systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its ori

11、gin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure.1. The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because_.2. The chances of the physical sci

12、ences being subject to great changes are the biggest because_.3. We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because_.问题1选项A.the records of social systems are more reliableB.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of dataC.new discoveries are less likely t

13、o occur in social sciencesD.it is not based on personal experience问题2选项A.new information is constantly coming inB.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurateC.the direction of their development is difficult to predictD.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time问题3选项A.theories of its ori

14、gin and history are variedB.our knowledge of it is highly insecureC.only a very small sample of it has been observedD.few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到尽管我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面不准确，但也不太可能被新的发现彻底推翻（Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it i

15、s in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries），由此可知选项A“关于社会制度的记录更为可靠”符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句话提到我们对于天文宇宙（属于自然科学）甚至地球地质历史的图像形象都很容易发生受到革命性的变化，因为会不断有新的数据和理论出现来推翻之前的理论（In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of or even of earths geological his

16、tory, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out），由此可知自然科学之所以不断变化是因为时刻有不同的理论出现，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段倒数第一句话提到人类对于天文宇宙的记录是非常有限的（Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited

17、in the extreme），所以人们对天文宇宙的了解很少。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题For many years, artists have flocked to Paris, France, to paint or to learn to paint. Perhaps artists first went there because of the citys beauty. They went to paint pictures of the broad tree-lined streets, the great churches, and the graceful river bri

18、dges. The artists felt comfortable in Paris because the people of the city had always enjoyed art. Paris had great art museums, filled with famous paintings and statues from many countries. And the people of Paris had always welcomed new ideas. In this city artists felt free to experiment with new w

19、ays of painting. As soon as famous artists painted in Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paintings. Men called art dealers set up galleries where paintings could be bought and sold. Others kept shops that sold artists paints and supplies. Students and the artists who were not yet

20、 famous could live in Paris for very little money. They learned by studying great art in the museums, and they learned from one another. They held art fairs, hanging their paintings outdoors along the streets.Today, New York City and Florence, Italy, are also famous art centers. But the worlds princ

21、ipal art exhibits are still held in Paris. Important judges of art live there. Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris. So artists and art dealers still go to Paris because it is the worlds leading art center.1. Artists first went to Paris because

22、.2. Artists still go to Paris now because .3. The main idea of the story is about .4. The story leads us to believe .5. The story does not say so, but it makes us think .问题1选项A.it was very beautifulB.it was cheap to live thereC.there were a lot of streets, bridges and churchesD.there were a lot of a

23、rt museums问题2选项A.it is still very beautifulB.it is still cheap to live thereC.there are more art museumsD.it is the leading art center of the world问题3选项A.the worlds most famous art centerB.how to buy a painting in ParisC.the famous art centers of New York and FlorenceD.art museums and art dealers问题4

24、选项A.all artists who go to Paris will become famousB.the people of Paris have never liked new ideasC.people can buy fine paintings in ParisD.Paris is the most beautiful city in the world问题5选项A.that Paris is famous for its artists paintsB.that there is more than one way to paintC.that art fairs are he

25、ld in galleriesD.that few artists will go to Paris in the future【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到也许艺术家第一次去巴黎是因为它的美（Perhaps artists first went there because of the citys beauty）,，因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句话提到艺术家和艺术交易商仍然去巴黎，因为它是世界领先的艺术中心（So artists and art dealers still go to Paris

26、 because it is the worlds leading art center），因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章讲述的信息都是关于巴黎，而巴黎是世界著名的艺术中心，因此选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第一段提到很多著名的画家在巴黎作画，人们可以买这些画（As soon as famous artists painted in Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paintings），由此可知人们在巴黎可以买到好画，选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到在过去一百年里，很多新的绘

27、画方式都始于巴黎（Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris），由此可知不止一种绘画方式，因此选项B符合题意。6. 单选题An astonishing fact that the murderer of the general manager was his own brother.问题1选项A.came outB.found outC.exposedD.came to light【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Come out “出现；出版”；fin

28、d out “找出”；expose “揭露，揭发”；come to light “暴露，真相大白”。句意：一个惊人的事实被揭露：杀害总经理的凶手竟然是他的兄弟。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题The most technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.问题1选项A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Prominent “显著的，突出的”；prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；pro

29、ductive “能生产的” ；prevalent “流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。选项A符合题意。8. 填空题The Food and Drug Administration on Friday proposed two important rules _1_ at preventing the contamination of produce and processed foods. The _2_ rule represent a sea change in the way the agency polices food, a process that c

30、urrently _3_ taking action after contamination has been identified.Changes include requirements for better record keeping, contingency （应急的）plans for handling outbreaks and measures that would prevent the spread of contamination in the first place. While food producers would have latitude in 4 how t

31、o execute the rules, farmers would have to ensure that water used in irrigation meet certain standards and food _5_ need to find ways to keep fresh that may contain bacteria from coming into _6_ with food that has been cooked. New safety measures might include requiring that farm workers wash their

32、hands, _7_ portable toilets in fields and ensuring that foods should be cooked at temperatures high enough to kill bacteria.Whether consumers will _8_ bear some of the expenses of the new rules was unclear, the agency estimated that the proposals would cost food producers tens of thousands of dollar

33、s a year. President Obama requested $220 million in his 2013 _9_, but Dr. Margaret Hamburg, commissioner of the F. D. A, said “resources remain an ongoing concern.” Nonetheless, agency officials were _10_ that the new rules would protect consumers better.【答案】1.A 2.N 3.H 4. F 5.M 6.D 7.G 8.O 9.C 10.I

34、【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，_防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对、目的在于符合句意，aim at为固定搭配。2. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposed two important rules ”可判断空格部分“The _rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断 proposed 被提议的、建议的符合句意。3. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程_在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可

35、以判断involve包含符合句意，involve doing sth包含。4. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由_如何执行这些规定。从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。5. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“While food producers would have”可判断空格部分“food _”。句意为：食品_需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。6. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品_煮熟的

36、食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，come into contact with和接触、接触到。7. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里_便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。8. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者_是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。9. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的_中要求2.2亿美元。这里提到金额

37、，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。10. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。9. 单选题_ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.问题1选项A.But forB.According toC.For allD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。but for “要不是；如果没有”；according to “根据，依据”；for a

38、ll “尽管，虽然”；thanks to “由于，幸亏”。句意：尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上是愚蠢的。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Some people complain doctors for too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.advisingB.deliveringC.orderingD.prescribing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Advise “建议”；deliver “交付；递送”；order “命令”；prescribe “开药方”。句意：一些人抱怨医生总是给小病开很多药。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题

39、While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.问题1选项A.in favor ofB.in honor ofC.in line withD.in place of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in favor of “支持，赞同”；in honor of “为纪念”；in line with “符合，与一致”；in place of “替代”。句意：在伦敦，我们参观了为纪念护士南丁格尔而创立的医院。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题About 5000 years a

40、go, people in an area north of the Black Sea in southeastern Europe spoke a language called Proto-Indo-European, which is believed to be the ancestor of most European languages. These include the languages that became ancient Greek, ancient German and the ancient Latin.Latin disappeared as a spoken

41、language. Yet it left behind three great languages that became modern Spanish, French and Italian. Ancient German became Dutch, Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish and one of the languages that developed into English.The English language is a result of the invasions of the island of Britain over many

42、 hundreds of years. The first invasions were by a people called Angles about 1500 years ago. The Angles were a German tribe （部落）who crossed the English Channel. Later two more groups crossed to Britain. They were the Saxons and the Jutes. These groups found a people called the Celts, who had lived i

43、n Britain for many thousands of years. The Celts and the invaders fought. After a while, most of the Celts were killed, or made slaves. Some escaped to live in the area that became Wales. Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jute mixed their different languages. The result is what is called Ang

44、lo-Saxon or Old English.The next great invasion of Britain came from the far north beginning about 1100 years ago. Fierce people called Vikings invaded the coast areas of Britain. The Vikings came from Denmark, Norway and other northern countries. They were looking to capture trade goods and slaves

45、and take away anything of value. In some areas, the Vikings became so powerful they built temporary bases. These temporary bases sometimes became permanent. Later, many Vikings stayed in Britain. Many English words used today come from these ancient Vikings. Words like “sky，” “leg，” “skill,” “egg，”

46、“crawl,” “lift” and “take” are from the old languages of the far northern countries.The next invasion of Britain took place more than 900 years ago, in 1066. History experts call this invasion the Norman Conquest.1. What is the general idea of the passage?2. Which of the following languages later de

47、veloped into English?3. Old English is the mixture of the languages spoken by the following tribes which include_.4. Which of the following can best describe Vikings who invaded Britain about 1100 years ago?5. What follows the passage is most probably about .问题1选项A.The early history of the English l

48、anguageB.The origin of the English languageC.The varieties of the English languageD.The invasions of Britain问题2选项A.Proto-Indo-European languageB.Ancient GreekC.Ancient GermanD.Ancient Latin问题3选项A.The Angles, the Saxons and the CeltsB.The Saxons, the Jutes and the CeltsC.The Angle, the Jutes and the

49、CeltsD.The Angles, the Saxon and the Jutes问题4选项A.They were soldiersB.They were merchantsC.They were piratesD.They were sailors问题5选项A.the impact of the Norman Conquest on the British peopleB.the impact of the Norman Conquest on the English languageC.the important events in the Norman ConquestD.the hi

50、storical figures in the Norman Conquest【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了英语这门语言的起源以及发展，因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段提到的Ancient German became Dutch, Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish and one of the languages that developed into English，可知选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段最后两句话Through the years, the S

51、axons, Angles and Jute mixed their different languages. The result is what is called Anglo-Saxon or Old English.可知选项D符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章第四段提到他们夺去贸易货物和奴隶，抢走任何有价值的东西(They were looking to capture trade goods and slaves and take away anything of value)，由此可推测他们是海盗，选项C符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章第二段和第三段分别讲述了两次侵略对于英语这门语言的影

52、响，最后一段提到the next invasion，由此可推测接下来会讲述这次侵略对语言的影响，因此选项B符合题意。13. 单选题Among different kinds of monkeys, it is the chimpanzee that has interested scientists .问题1选项A.bestB.mostC.the mostD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：在不同种类的猴子中，让科学家最感兴趣的是黑猩猩。空格处需要填入一个表示“最，非常”的词，因此选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Some analysts consider the proces

53、s of automation a second industrial revolution with the potentiality for a social upheaval that marked the birth of the factory a century and a half ago. Others insist it is just another step in industrys progress toward greater efficiency, no different in its basic attributes from any of the techno

54、logical advances that have helped raise American wages, employment totals and living standards.Congressional investigations, puzzled about what action the government should take, have been told by union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment and by business executives that it will bring

55、 unparalleled prosperity.Engineers say that push-button factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which the week-end will be longer than the week. Educators see all this leisure promoting a scholastic renaissance in which cultural attainments will become the yardstick of social recognition

56、for workers and boss alike. Gloomier observers fear the trend toward “inhuman production” will end by making men obsolete.1. The passage is primarily concerned with .2. Which of the following statements is true?3. The position of the author is to .4. Whose opinion indicates that automation is a grea

57、t threat to social stability?问题1选项A.robots at workB.machines vs. mankindC.speculations on automationD.our rising standard of living问题2选项A.The government favors automation.B.Industry has made great advances in the past 150 years.C.Engineers oppose automation.D.More people favor automation than oppose

58、 it.问题3选项A.present unfavorable opinions on automationB.convince the readers of the benefits of automationC.present different opinions on automationD.urge the government to promote automation问题4选项A.EducatorsB.Union leadersC.Some analystsD.Some observers【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了不同人对a

59、utomation(自动化)的看法，因此选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段第一句话提到工程师们认为自动化的工厂可能最终会使那些能在一周内完成的工作延长时间（Engineers say that push-button factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which the week-end will be longer than the week），由此可以推测出工程师们对自动化是持反对意见的，因此选项C符合题意。3.主旨大意题。作者客观陈述了不同人对自动化的看法，并没有带有自己的观点或者评价，因此选项C符合题意。4.判

60、断推理题。文章第二段提到工会领导人认为自动化会导致大规模失业（union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment），而大规模失业肯定会影响社会安定，因此选项B符合题意。15. 翻译题Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that there is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by obse

61、rvation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.【答案】有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。读书时不可存心与作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈资，而须权衡与琢磨。16. 单选题During the nineteen years of h

62、is career, France Battiate has won the _ of a wide audience outside Italy.问题1选项A.recognitionB.appreciationC.reputationD.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recognition “识别，承认”；appreciation “欣赏”；reputation “名声，名誉”；evaluation “评价”。句意：在19年的职业生涯中，法国Battiate赢得了意大利以外广大读者的赞赏。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool. Measurem