2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷11（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were_by its complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.precludedB.bewilderedC.divertedD.expired【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preclude“排出，消除，妨碍”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑”；C选项divert“使转移”；D选项expire“期满”。根据the first time和complicated tra

2、ffic system可知B选项符合语义。句意：当农民们第一次参观这座城市时，他们被它复杂的交通系统弄糊涂了。2. 单选题The old lady has developed a_cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustainable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项perpetual“永久的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，持续的，长久的”；C选项chronic“(尤指疾病) 长期的，慢性的，难以治愈的”；D选项sustainab

3、le“可持续的”。根据cannot be cured completely in a short time可知这位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此选C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短时间内不能完全治愈。3. 单选题Because we will never agree about this, any further discussion is（）.问题1选项A.discernibleB.heedlessC.futileD.reflective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项为“可辨别的，可识别的”；B选项为“不注意的，不留心的”；C选项为“无效的，无用的”；D选项为“反射的；反映的；深思熟

4、虑的”。根据“never agree about this”可知，因为我们在这件事上总不能意见一致，所以可知进一步讨论是没有用。因此正确答案为C选项。4. 单选题Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the universities is so detrimental to teaching that he recommends that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institu

5、tes. I suggested that the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching. Such a program would not only improve teaching theory and technique, it would make clear what competencies are required of a good teacher and help professors attain them. Educa

6、tional research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment. Competent educational research is no more a part-time activity than competent scientific research. The relatively trivial educat

7、ional research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded. Let no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than

8、 unraveling the complexities of the human mind. There is no reason to believe that an effective theory and technology of instruction is any easier to achieve than controlled nuclear fusion. It is certainly every bit as worthy.1. Professor Kline believes that competition with research in the universi

9、ties（）.2. The author wants to improve（）.3. The author believes that scientific research（）.4. According to the author educational research（）.5. Educational research in most universities today （）.问题1选项A.leads to the establishment of separate research institutesB.is harmful to teachingC.functions well

10、in the universitiesD.is financially unsound问题2选项A.research institutesB.development programsC.educational researchD.part-time activity问题3选项A.is not necessarily easier than educational researchB.has standards that educational research cannot attainC.with educational researchD.must be relegated to a pa

11、rt-time activity问题4选项A.is relatively easyB.is quite complexC.is often trivialD.should have lower standards问题5选项A.receives adequate supportB.is no longer a part-tome activityC.is easy to achieveD.needs more commitment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段Professor Kline concludes that compet

12、ition with research in the universities is so detrimentaltoteaching that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes.，可知，Professor Kline认为研究成果的竞争会对教育产生负面的影响，从而降低教学质量，即对教学有不利影响。因此，B项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。由原文 the development of a sound program of educational res

13、earch would be much more beneficial to teaching.以及Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research可知，作者认为必须提高educational research的地位，要把educational research和scientific research放在同等重要的位置共谋发展。 A选项research institutes一直就是学校比较重视的方面；B选项并未在文中单独说明； D选项也不是侧重点。因此，C项符合原文

14、，为正确答案。3.观点态度题。由原文Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment.可知，作者认为教育研究应该与科学研究有一样的标准，但是如果没有同等的投入和支持，无法实现这些标准。因此，B项认为“科学研究的有些标准，教育研究无法实现”是正确答案。故本题选择B项。4.细节事实题。根据原文Let

15、no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind.可知，作者认为教育研究并不简单，难度不亚于解开人类思维的复杂性。故本题正确答案为B项。5.细节事实题。通过原文The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial com

16、mitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded.可知，如今在大学中，教育研究需要更多的承诺，教授们有责任促进教学科研水平的提高，而不是减少这类研究。因此，D项是正确答案。5. 单选题I could see that my wife was that having that fur coat, whether I approve of it or not.问题1选项A.adequateB.int

17、ent onC.short ofD.deficient of【答案】B【解析】搭配题。A选项adequate for胜任的，合适的；B选项intent on专心致志于，决心要实现；C选项short of缺乏，不足，除以外；D选项deficient of缺乏，不足。根据句意可知，无论我是否同意，我妻子都抱定决心要买那件毛皮大衣。因此，B项符合句意。6. 单选题Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeedin

18、g, being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we a

19、re forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones, The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not

20、easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.Performance fatig

21、ue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In

22、 such a situation, I work as hard as I can, then let the unconscious take over.1. Which of the following can be called an evil circle?2. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience（）.3. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need（）.4. The word“insurmountable”in the last pa

23、ragraph probably means（）.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Success-zeal-success-zealB.Failure-tiredness-failure-tirednessC.Failure-zeal-failure-tirednessD.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion问题2选项A.tirednessB.performance fatigueC.start-up fatigueD.unc

24、onsciousness问题3选项A.toughnessB.preventionC.musclesD.strong willpower问题4选项A.that cannot be solvedB.that cannot be understoodC.that cannot be imaginedD.that cannot be objected问题5选项A.It is easier to overcome start-up fatigueB.Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blockedC.O

25、ne will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circleD.Fatigue often accompanies fatigue【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder

26、 to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.可知失败会导致疲惫，而疲惫会使你更难工作，进而导致疲惫加重，于是进入恶性循环，受阻不前，影响进度。因此，B项正确。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it.可知，我们会因为任务过于乏味或太难而推迟完成任务，这种情况就

27、是start-up fatigue。因此，C项正确。3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise.可知，解决办法就是需要我们加强意志力的锻炼。因此，本题选择D项正确。4.词汇题。题干词汇insurmountable意思是不能克服的，难以解决超越的。A选项“不能被解决”，B选项“不能被理解的”，C选项“不能被想象的”，D选项“不能被否决的”。因此，A选项正确。5.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知可以通过锻炼意志力来克服start-up fatigue可知A项正确。B

28、选项可通过原文Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right.推断得出。C 选项在原文中没有明确说明，过于绝对。根据原文最后一段The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue.可知D选项正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。7. 单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D act

29、s to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body.问题1选项A.schedule of exerciseB.nutritional planC.study of longevityD.medicinal chart【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中diet表示“饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。因此，B项为正确答案。8. 单选题We are in an era of infor

30、mation procession（）there are great opportunities for those who can qualify.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于in an area，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。9. 单选题Judicious praise is（）the sun is to flowers.问题1选项A.like

31、 children toB.as children asC.to children whatD.that children with【答案】C【解析】考查常用句型。句型“A to B is what C to D” 表示A对于B就像C对于D一样。句意：对孩子公正的评价就宛如阳光对花朵的照耀一般。因此，C项为正确答案。10. 单选题To develop light industry in a big way（）to improving the peoples livelihood.问题1选项A.owesB.attributesC.distributesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】

32、考查短语搭配。A选项owes to.归功于，因为B选项attributes to把归功于；C选项 distributes to分销，分发给；D选项contributes to对有贡献，有好处。根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。11. 单选题The _of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.textureC.contentD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项essen

33、ce“本质，实质”；B选项texture“质地，手感”；C选项content“内容”；D选项threshold“门槛，入口，开始”。根据the scientific attitude可知A选项符合语义。句意：科学态度的本质是人类的思维能够成功地理解宇宙。12. 单选题A newly developed robot that can show its emotions by smiling or frowning may one day help computer users talk as quickly and easily to machine_with other people.问题1选

34、项A.such as they now talkB.like they now talkC.as much as they now doD.as they now do【答案】D【解析】考查比较级。在as.as.引导的同级比较中，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。根据quickly and easily可知选D。句意：一种新开发的机器人可以通过微笑或皱眉头来表达自己的情感，也许有一天它能帮助计算机用户像现在一样快速、方便地与机器交流。13. 单选题The court considers a financial _to be an appropria

35、te way of punishing him.问题1选项A.optionB.obsessionC.obligationD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项option“选择”；B选项obsession“痴迷，着魔，困扰”；C选项obligation“义务，责任”；D选项penalty“惩罚”。根据punishing him可知D选项符合语义。句意：法院认为经济处罚是惩罚他的适当方式。14. 单选题Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.问题1选项A.compari

36、sonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项comparison n.比较，对照；B选项categorization n.分类，分门别类，编目方法；C选项 classification n.等级，类别；D选项cognition n.认识，辨识，认识能力。根据句意可知A项符合题意。句意：你的类比不是一个好例子，因为这两种情况并不相同。15. 单选题The Space Age_in October 1975 when the first artificial satellite was launched by

37、 the former Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项commence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据The Space Age（太空时代）和 the first artificial satellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957

38、年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。16. 单选题Even as a girl,_to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.问题1选项A.performing by Melissa wereB.it was known that Melissas performances wereC.knowing that Melissas performances wereD.Melissa knew that performing was【答案】D【解析】考查句子结构与同位语。分析句子结构，可知and为连词，

39、后面接的是一个完整的句子，因此and前也应为一个句子，空格处缺少主语，根据Even as a girl可知a girl是主语的同位语，因此D选项符合语法和句式要求。句意：即使是个小女孩时，梅丽莎就知道表演是她的生命，而剧院的观众是她最好的老师。17. 单选题To major in astrophysics you need an extra math course.问题1选项A.To get higher grades in astrophysics.B.To finish your astrophysics paper.C.To specialize in astrophysics.D.To

40、 better understand the astrophysics course.【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。题目中major in表示“主修；专攻”，A选项为“在天体物理学上取得更高的成就”；B选项为“完成你的天体物理学论文”；C选项为“以天体物理学为专业；专攻天体物理学”；D选项为“更好地了解天体物理学课程”。句意：要主修天体物理学，你就得再选择一个数学课。因此，正确答案是C项。18. 单选题A budget of five dollars a day is totally_for a trip round Europe.问题1选项A.inadequateB.incapab

41、leC.incompatibleD.invalid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。19. 单选题Even when textbooks are _through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.问题1选项A.commonplaceB.standardized

42、C.competitiveD.generalized【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B选项standardized“标准化的”；C选项competitive“竞争的，比赛的”；D选项generalized“普遍的，广泛的”。根据Even可知空格与vary greatly的意思相反，因此选B。句意：即使教科书通过学校系统标准化，教学方法也可能有很大的不同。20. 单选题If you（）care to see the pictures, Ill bring them round some evening.问题1选项A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.can【答案】B【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句，主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“would you care to.”表示“（礼貌问语）您喜欢，您愿意”，是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此，排除其他选项，本题正确答案为B项。