2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库及模拟押密卷1（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Lisas friends have varying capacities to cope with the affliction.问题1选项A.situationB.misfortuneC.changeD.affection【答案】B【解析】affliction意为苦难，折磨。situation 情况，形势，处境；misfortune 不幸，灾祸，灾难；change 变化，找零；affection 喜爱，感情，影响。选项B与之意思相近。2. 单选题It was reported that the project （ ）

2、by the end of this month.问题1选项A.will be completedB.would have been completedC.would have completedD.will have been completed【答案】B【解析】句意：据报道，该项目将于本月底完成。根据was和by+时间可知，这里应该用would+过去完成时，首先排除选项A和D；项目是被完成，所以选项B正确。3. 单选题He was shocked to discover that things dragged on well （ ）the two weeks he had anticipa

3、ted.问题1选项A.fromB.forC.awayD.beyond【答案】D【解析】句意：他吃惊地发现，事情拖长得远超过了他预期的两个星期。选项D符合语境。4. 单选题The study of law, with its great number of cases, statutes, and contracts, can be a tedious process.问题1选项A.a curiousB.an overwhelmingC.a challengingD.a tiresome【答案】D【解析】句意：学习法律，由于它有大量的案例、法规和合同，可能是一个乏味的过程。tedious意为“沉

4、闷的，冗长乏味的”。tiresome烦人的，无聊的，所以选项D与之意思相近。5. 单选题It has been widely accepted that the size of the universe （ ）our imagination.问题1选项A.transformsB.transfersC.transpiresD.transcends【答案】D【解析】transform改变，转化； transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题The medicine made me

5、drowsy.问题1选项A.sleepyB.dizzyC.sadD.lazy【答案】A【解析】drowsy意为昏昏欲睡的。选项A与之意思相近。7. 单选题Mint is an herb that is well known for the aromatic oil distilled from all parts of the plant.问题1选项A.valuableB.fragrantC.medicinalD.flavorful【答案】B【解析】句意：薄荷是一种药草，因其各个部位可蒸馏芳香油而闻名。aromatic意为芳香的。valuable 有价值的，贵重的；fragrant 芬芳的，芳

6、香的；medicinal 药用的；有益的；flavorful 可口的，充满 味道的。选项B与之意思最为相近。8. 单选题It has been ten years since I （ ）you last.问题1选项A.seeB.sawC.didnt seeD.havent seen【答案】B【解析】根据last可知这里应该为一般过去时，排除选项A和D；根据句意可知，选项B正确。句意：自从我上次见你到现在已经有十年了。9. 单选题The ties that bind us together in common activity are so （ ）that they can disappear

7、at any moment.问题1选项A.trivialB.fatalC.tentativeD.feeble【答案】D【解析】trivial不重要的，琐碎的；fatal致命的，重大的，毁灭性的；tentative试验性的，暂定的；feeble无力的，薄弱的。句意：把我们联系在一起从事共同活动的纽带是如此薄弱，以至于随时都可能消失。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题The severance of church and state is a basic principle of that government.问题1选项A.coalitionB.separationC.successionD.int

8、erchangeability【答案】B【解析】severance意为分离，隔离。coalition联合，合并；separation分离，间隔；succession 连续，继位；interchangeability 可交换性。选项B与之意思相近。11. 翻译题人们对金钱有各自的看法。有的人喜欢钱是因为钱能为他们买到东西，另一些人则把它看作安全的保障。有的人担心自己永远挣不到足够的钱，另一些人则不喜欢有太多的钱。人们对于钱的态度取决于许多方面：在什么样的环境中长大，习惯于拥有多少钱，是为钱而努力工作还是为喜欢的工作而挣钱。甚至人们对生活的信念也影响对金钱的看法。对于金钱的态度没有正确和错误之分，

9、每种态度都自有其合理之处。【答案】People have their own views on money. Some people like money because money can buy things for them, while others treat it as a security guarantee. Some people worry that they will never earn enough money, while others would not like to have too much money. Peoples attitude towards m

10、oney depends on many aspects such as in what kind of environment you grow up, how much money you are used to obtaining, and you work hard for making money or make money just because you love the job. Even the faith of peoples life also affects the view on money. There is no right or wrong attitude t

11、owards money, and each attitude has its own reasonable point.12. 单选题Alexander Wolcotts flamboyant personality combined sharpness of wit with sentimentality.问题1选项A.deviousB.humorousC.singerD.showy【答案】D【解析】句意：Alexander Wolcott浮夸的个性结合了敏锐的机智和多愁善感。flamboyant意为“艳丽的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，弯曲的；humorous幽默的；sing

12、er歌手；showy艳丽的，炫耀的，显眼的。选项D与之意思相近。13. 单选题Nowadays money is still a major （ ）in most occupations.问题1选项A.incentiveB.meticulousC.formativeD.provision【答案】A【解析】Incentive动机，刺激，激励；meticulous一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的；formative形成的，造型的，格式化的；provision规定，条款，供应物。句意：如今，在大多数职业中，金钱仍然是主要的激励因素。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题Let me stand in with you

13、 if its very expensive.问题1选项A.bargain for youB.borrow money for youC.share the cost with youD.stand on your side【答案】C【解析】stand in with意为与联合，同分担。bargain for you讨价还价；borrow money for you 借钱；share the cost with you一起承担；stand on your side 站在你这边。选项C与之意思相近。15. 单选题The teacher blamed his students for playin

14、g pranks in the classroom.问题1选项A.tricksB.nudesC.cribsD.quips【答案】A【解析】句意：老师责备他的学生在教室里搞恶作剧。pranks指“恶作剧”。tricks 诡计，骗局；nudes肉色针织物；cribs婴儿床，栅栏；quips妙语，讽刺语。选项A与之意思相近。16. 单选题All individuals are required to （ ）to the laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.obeyB.conformC.concedeD.observe【答案】B【解析】obey服从，听从；con

15、form遵守，使一致，顺从；concede承认，退让；observe观察，注意到，评论。 句意：所有个人都必须遵守政府制定的法律。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题The cost of making the programs was shared by a consortium of six public television stations.问题1选项A.conformationB.associationC.patchworkD.combine【答案】B【解析】句意：制作这些节目的成本由六家公共电视台共同承担。consortium意为“联合，合伙”。conformation 构造，一致，符合

16、；association协会，联盟，联合；patchwork 拼缝物，混杂物；combine联合企业。选项B与之意思最为相近。18. 单选题Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the （ ）is toward specialization in medicine.问题1选项A.rumorB.prejudiceC.tendencyD.security【答案】C【解析】rumor 谣言，传闻；prejudice 偏见，侵害；tendency倾向，趋势，癖好；security 安全，保证。句意：尽管许多医生仍然是普通的实习生，但在医学上

17、倾向于专门化。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题In early 19th century America, care for the mentally ill was almost non-existent: the afflicted were usually relegated to prisons, almshouses, or inadequate supervision by families. Treatment, if provided, paralleled other medical treatments of the time, including bloodletting

18、and purgatives. However, in a wave of concern for the oppressed, some took action. Among these, Dorothea Dix was the leading crusader for the establishment of state-supported mental asylums. Through her efforts, the first state hospitals for the insane were built in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. She

19、and other reformers sought humane, individualized care, with the rich and the poor housed together to insure high standards for all. The movement was generated by social reform, but throughout the century, mental illness was probed and analyzed, and “cures” prescribed by both the scientific and lay

20、communities. “Moral treatment” was the predominating philosophy to cure the insane.This system was developed in late 18th century Europe, and by Benjamin Rush in the United States. It challenged the demonic explanations for insanity and emphasized the role of environment in determining character: im

21、proper external conditions could induce derangement. The “moral treatment” system was optimistic that an appropriate environment could facilitate cure, especially for those with acute (not chronic) afflictions. Essential to this theory was a physiological basis/for mental disorder: insanity was caus

22、ed by brain damage. The brains surface was soft and malleable and physically altered by outward influence. This idea was closely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, b

23、ut the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated. To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities. Although progress was made in the diagnosis of somatic diseases like tumors syphilitic derangement,

24、these efforts were frustrating and subjective. Also controversial was the fate of the chronically versus acutely ill: the differences between them, whether they should be housed together, and whether the chronically ill should be treated at all.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.According to parag

25、raph 1, the movement to establish state-supported mental asylums was motivated by concern for （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used in “moral treatment” were（ ）.4.According to the passage, phrenology was（ ）.5.Autopsies were performed on mental patients（ ）.问题1选项A.Care of the

26、 mentally illB.The influence of “moral treatment”C.The influence of Dorothea Dix and Benjamin RushD.Social and medical reform问题2选项A.inadequate care by familiesB.social reformC.the effects of medical treatmentD.those who were not mentally ill问题3选项A.controversialB.acceptedC.provenD.dangerous问题4选项A.nev

27、er very popularB.a theory about determining a persons characterC.a cause of mental illnessD.a theory about a persons brain问题5选项A.to find evidence for moral treatment theoryB.for diagnosis of mental illnessC.as part of treatmentD.on acute rather than chronic patients【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1

28、.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出早期的美国对精神病人的照顾是不存在的，接下来的段落则是探讨精神疾病的治疗方法。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是对精神疾病的关注，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第一段倒数第二句“The movement was generated by social reform.”这场运动是由社会改革引发的所以选项B正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and tre

29、atment of ailments were continually debated.”精神疾病是由身体损伤引起的这一概念很少受到挑战，但对疾病的性质和治疗一直存在争议。所以选项A正确。4.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“This idea was closely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.”这一想法与颅相学密切相关，颅相学将大脑分为各个不同的机制。由此可知，颅相学是关于人类大脑的理论。选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“To find p

30、hysical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities.”为了寻找精神缺陷身体上的证据，对精神病人进行尸检以发现病变或其他异常。由此可知，对精神病人验尸是为精神治疗理论寻找证据。选项A符合原文。20. 单选题Please hold up on a sum of money to cover the costs of handling.问题1选项A.borrowB.reserveC.takeD.carry【答案】B【解析】hold up on意为持有，储备。只有选项B与之意思相近。