北京语言大学21秋《汉语写作》在线作业三答案参考70

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1、北京语言大学21秋汉语写作在线作业三答案参考1. In the _ of damage, to be surveyed by Johnson Survey Coand claims payable at Shanghai. AevenIn the _ of damage, to be surveyed by Johnson Survey Coand claims payable at Shanghai.AevenBevidentCevidenceDeventD2. 一篇文章只能有一个主题，不宜同时存在两个或两个以上的中心。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B3. 错位有哪几种形式?( )A.情节

2、错位B.全面采取与突出重点C.人事错位D.意义错位参考答案：BC4. Stop Using Disposal Products 写作要点： 1人们喜欢用一次性产品。 2这种做法带来的害处。 3Stop Using Disposal Products 写作要点： 1人们喜欢用一次性产品。 2这种做法带来的害处。 3措施。正确答案：Disposal products are gaining increasing popularity in China. Now they practically become part of our life: We have disposal chopsticks

3、 disposal cups disposal clothes disposal cameras. Indeed we are in throw-away society.rn However the wide use of the so-called convenience goods is extremely harmful in many ways. In the first place though man has achieved an unprecedented level of production our available resources are on the decli

4、ne. If this trend continues the limited resources on earth will be exhausted soon. Furthermore disposal products cause serious pollution in our environment which is already threatened by our unhealthy life styles. It is reported that many scenic spots are losing their appeal because of white polluti

5、on caused by numerous plastic rice-boxes. Finally people are getting more extravagant than thrifty which is harmful to our social atmosphere. In fact in many developed countries disposal good are banned.rn More strict measures should be taken to prevent disposal products from widely using. People sh

6、ould be further educated to increase their awareness of conservation. Laws must be executed to ban the use. Most importantly new technology must be used to produce more recycle products.DisposalproductsaregainingincreasingpopularityinChina.Nowtheypracticallybecomepartofourlife:Wehavedisposalchopstic

7、ks,disposalcups,disposalclothes,disposalcameras.Indeedweareinthrow-awaysociety.However,thewideuseoftheso-calledconveniencegoodsisextremelyharmfulinmanyways.Inthefirstplace,thoughmanhasachievedanunprecedentedlevelofproduction,ouravailableresourcesareonthedecline.Ifthistrendcontinues,thelimitedresourc

8、esonearthwillbeexhaustedsoon.Furthermore,disposalproductscauseseriouspollutioninourenvironmentwhichisalreadythreatenedbyourunhealthylifestyles.Itisreportedthatmanyscenicspotsarelosingtheirappealbecauseofwhitepollutioncausedbynumerousplasticrice-boxes.Finally,peoplearegettingmoreextravagantthanthrift

9、y,whichisharmfultooursocialatmosphere.Infact,inmanydevelopedcountriesdisposalgoodarebanned.Morestrictmeasuresshouldbetakentopreventdisposalproductsfromwidelyusing.Peopleshouldbefurthereducatedtoincreasetheirawarenessofconservation.Lawsmustbeexecutedtobantheuse.Mostimportantly,newtechnologymustbeused

10、toproducemorerecycleproducts.5. 所谓“绾结”、“收住”，或者指分散全篇的观点，或者指展示过程的结局，或者指升华作者的感情。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A6. My father said that he would take _ for dinner when he came next time. Aall us out BoutMy father said that he would take _ for dinner when he came next time.Aall us outBout all usCall out usDus all outD7

11、. 请示的特点不包括( )。A.呈请性B.体式和语言是文章的形式C.隶属性D.权威性参考答案：D8. Is she really ill? _. She&39;s in hospital. A) I hope so B) I&39;m sure C) IIs she really ill?_. Shes in hospital.A) I hope soB) Im sureC) I dont think soD) Im afraid soD9. The official made _ clear that everything should be done to solve the proble

12、m Ait Bthis CThe official made _ clear that everything should be done to solve the problemAitBthisCthat DhimAit作形式宾语。10. 衡量应用文优劣的重要标准是( )。A.应用性B.综合消息C.平实性D.语言准确规范参考答案：A11. 组成行政公文文本格式主要有( )。A.眉首B.机密公文C.版记D.落款参考答案：ABC12. 下列属于人物肖像描写的是( )A.容貌、身材B.表情、衣着C.姿态、气质D.感情、感受参考答案：ABC13. 关于意图制导的意义的说法不正确的是( )。A.意图制

13、导对写作并不是充分而必要的B.倒叙C.意图制导照耀着写作过程的始末D.意图制导体面文章的主要职能参考答案：A14. Is this hotel _ you said we were to stay in your letterA、whereB、whatC、thatD、whichIs this hotel _ you said we were to stay in your letterA、whereB、whatC、thatD、which正确答案:A15. 散文中不能有虚构和想象。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：B16. English is seen as a threat in countr

14、ies where the national identity is needed.English is seen as a threat in countries where the national identity is needed.参考答案：T17. 听力的文本驱动模式(名词解释)参考答案：文本驱动模式常作自下而上听力模式(bottom-up rnapproach)。本模式认为听力就是一个语音解码过程。听者利用语音、词汇和句子本身的知识进行语言因素分析达到对听力材料的理解。理解是从语音、单词、句子到整个讲篇逐步理解的过程。18. 绪论部分之后还要注明“关键词”或“主题词”，以便进行文

15、摘、索引等。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A19. Where was it _ you lost your wallet? Athat Bwhere Cwhich Din whichWhere was it _ you lost your wallet?AthatBwhereCwhichDin whichA20. 为了丰富同学们的生活，校学生会将举办一次英语歌曲演唱比赛。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。为了丰富同学们的生活，校学生会将举办一次英语歌曲演唱比赛。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。有关内容如下： (1)时间：5月第一周。 (2)活动：演唱流行歌曲；听歌曲，猜出处。 (3)地点

16、：学校大会议室。 (4)参加者请与4月25日前报名，前十名优胜者获奖。 写作要求： (1)可以适当增加细节； (2)词数100个左右。正确答案：NoticernDear studentsrn The Students Union has decided to organize an English song contest. It will be held in the first week of May in the meeting room. The activities include singing pop songs and music contest. The students t

17、aking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music and then guess where it comes from. If youd like to take part in the activity please come and sign up for it before A-pril 25th. The first ten winners will be given rewards. All are welcome to join in the contest.rn Students

18、 Union rn April 15 2011NoticeDearstudents,TheStudentsUnionhasdecidedtoorganizeanEnglishsongcontest.ItwillbeheldinthefirstweekofMayinthemeetingroom.Theactivitiesincludesingingpopsongsandmusiccontest.Thestudentstakingpartinthecontestwilllistentopartofasongorapieceofmusic,andthenguesswhereitcomesfrom.I

19、fyoudliketotakepartintheactivity,pleasecomeandsignupforitbeforeA-pril25th.Thefirsttenwinnerswillbegivenrewards.Allarewelcometojoininthecontest.StudentsUnionApril15,201121. 概述交际法的理论基础及其当前交际语言教学课堂活动的特征。参考答案：理论基础：(1)语言学理论基础是20世纪60年代兴起70年代形成高潮的社会语言学。尤其是社会语言学家海姆斯的交际能力理论和功能主义语言学家韩礼德的功能语言理论和话语分析理论，以及威多森的语言

20、交际观。(2)心理学基础是人本主义心理学和20世纪60年代后期兴起的心理语言学。交际法强调以学生为中心，首先要分析学习者对第二语言的需要，教学内容和教学方法的确定都必须从学习者的需要出发。交际法还认为，学习者在言语中出现一些错误是正常的也是不可避免的现象，学习者所追求的不可能是完美无缺的交际，而只能是有缺陷的但有效的交际，因此，对学习者的语言错误不应苛求。特征：(1)以培养交际功能为宗旨，明确提出第二语言教学目标是培养创造性地运用语言的交际能力，不仅要求语言运用的正确性，还要求得体性。(2)以功能意念为纲。根据学习者的实际需要，选取真实自然的语言材料，而不是经过加工后的“教科书语言”。(3)教

21、学过程交际化，交际既是学习的目的也是学习的手段，在教学中创造接近真实交际的情景并多采用小组活动的形式，通过大量言语交际活动培养运用语言交际的能力，并把课堂交际活动与课外生活中的交际结合起来。(4)以话语为教学的基本单位。认为语言不是存在于孤立的词语或句子中，而是存在于连贯的语篇中。(5)单项技能训练与综合性技能训练相结合，以综合性训练为主，最后达到在交际中综合运用语言的目的。(6)对学习者在学习过程中出现的语言错误有一定的容忍度，不影响交际的错误能不纠就不纠，尽量鼓励学习者发挥言语交际活动的主动性和积极性。(7)交际法强调以学生为中心，强调教学要为学生的交际需要服务，以语言功能为纲根据学以致用

22、的原则，针对不同专业的学习者安排“专用语言”的教学。(8)主张采用多种教学手段，不应是仅仅一本教科书，而应该是“教学包”，即教师用书、辅导读物、磁带、挂图、录像、电影、电视等。(9)让学生处于情景之中，身临其境地感受氛围，用汉语进行交际，是交际教学的精髓。22. 关于积聚的说法不正确的是( )。A.积聚分为一般积聚、专门积聚和综合积聚三种B.立意C.学写作者必先学积聚D.积聚为精选内容、表达意图提供了有力的保证参考答案：A23. Here is a quantity clause. 5000 metric tons, 5% more or less clause at seller&39;s

23、option &quHere is a quantity clause. 5000 metric tons, 5% more or less clause at sellers option .Question: What does the clause mean? How much can the seller deliver the goods?(Translate the case into Chinese and then answer the question)Helpful hint :The case is mainly about the more or less clause

24、.翻译下面是一项数量条款：“5000公吨，5%溢短装，由卖方选择。” 请问：这项条款的含义是什么?卖方可交多少数量的货物? It means that the quantity is 5000 metric tons, and the seller can deliver 5% more or less than that. According to the clause, the quantity delivered can range from 4 750 to 5 250 metric tons. 24. 运思中确定主题提炼的方向和类型是一个首要问题。它将制约择体、选材和理序。( )A.

25、错误B.正确参考答案：B25. 英语教学中如何科学、合理地设置课堂教学目标?参考答案：教学目标制定的原则是以学生为主体。学生是整个教学活动的主体，忽视学生的存在，教学就失去了意义。教学目标制定应围绕学生的学习来进行，为了学生的发展是出发点，考虑学生的实际需要是根本，学生的原有水平和最近发展区是依据。第一个依据是英语课程目标。即国家教委统一规定的以文件的形式颁布的教育目标。这是由英语学科的性质决定的，是社会发展、学生的自身发展需要赋予英语学科的神圣使命。实现这一目标，学生需在英语知识、能力、学习方法习惯、智力、思维品质等五个方面有发展，因此学习目标主要包括五个方面的内容：知识目标、能力目标、方法

26、习惯目标、智力目标、思想品质目标等。这些目标的实现不能一蹴而就，它需要通过英语教学一步一步走向课程目标，这之间还需要一个循环往复的过程，需将目标分解成不同阶段更为具体的阶段目标，如学期目标、专题目标、课堂目标。第二个依据是学情。教师要制定的目标是学生本阶段的英语学习要达到的英语认知结构方面的变化，学生原有的认知结构以及学生在认知结构上可能发生的变化是目标制定的依据，因此教师充分了解学生，了解学生的需要、原有能力水平、原有知识储备、最近发展区等要素，在此基础上制定出合理切实可行的教学目标。只有符合学情的目标才是科学的目标。加涅说，学习需要条件，教学设计就是为了学而设计的。第三个依据是学生英语能力

27、培养的科学途径。根据英语课程目标的要求，通过英语学习，学生应在知识、能力、智力、思想品质和方法习惯等方面有发展，而实际上，作为英语课程，学生英语应用能力的提高才是其根本任务，是其他课程所不能代替的。26. 特写消息主要借用电影的“特写镜头”手法加工改写而成的新闻，集中笔墨、重点突出地描写某一重大事件和关键场面和情节。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B27. 抒情的原则有( )A.开头与结尾照应B.真情流露C.注重品味D.激发共鸣参考答案：BCD28. 我们有幸自荐，盼望能有机会与你们合作，扩大业务。我们有幸自荐，盼望能有机会与你们合作，扩大业务。We have the pleasure of

28、introducing ourselves to you with the hope that we may have an opportunity of cooperating with you in your business extension.29. _ you like other items, kindly let us know and we shall be only too pleased to make you offers_ you like other items, kindly let us know and we shall be only too pleased

29、to make you offers direct.AIn caseBIn the caseCIn this case DIn that caseA30. 鲁迅的祝福采用的叙述方式是( )。A.顺叙B.散文写作C.插叙D.平叙参考答案：B31. 修改的主要内容包括( )。A.改换标题B.思路宽阔，旁征博引，中外逢源，古今无阻C.增删材料D.间架调整参考答案：ABCD32. The conference _ in Beijing next week is bound to be a great success. A) holding B) beingThe conference _ in Bei

30、jing next week is bound to be a great success.A) holdingB) being heldC) to holdD) to be holdD由句中的时间状语next week可知此处应用表将来的结构，且应用被动结构，故可以首先排除A、C两项。B项being held表示“正在进行的事情”，故不正确。33. Always_ when you _!A、answered, speak toB、answer, are spoken toC、answering, areAlways_ when you _!A、answered, speak toB、answ

31、er, are spoken toC、answering, are spoken toD、answer , speak to正确答案:B34. 教案的编写，内容的准确是第一位的。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B35. 导语的写作要求有( )。A.突出最有新闻价值的新闻要素B.意见C.吸引读者往下看D.行文简要生动参考答案：D36. What was the weather like yesterday? It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _What was the weather like yesterday?It was t

32、errible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out.A) hardly.hardB) hardly.hardlyC) hard.hardlyD) hard.hardChard作副词，表示“猛烈地”；hardly作副词，表示“几乎不”。37. He agreed _ me _ an early start, so he agreed _ my proposal.A、with ,to , onB、toHe agreed _ me _ an early start, so he agreed _ my proposal.A、with ,to , on

33、B、to, with , onC、with, on, toD、on, to , with正确答案:C38. 广告、说明书、介绍信、游览须知、内容简介及操作规程等属于日常说明文。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B39. 叙述的要求主要包括哪几个方面?( )A.分头叙述，统一总结B.显示式C.有主有次，详略得当D.生动引人，富于变化参考答案：BCD40. 标题拟制得好坏，不影响到文章主题的表达效果。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A41. 导语常见的写作方法有：( )等多种A.对比式B.提问式C.征引式D.结论式参考答案：ABCD42. 述评消息的写作，一要注意选题大中取小，小中见大，使题目具体，

34、主题集中，立足全局。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B43. 教案必须适应学生的认知规律和知识与能力的生成转化规律，事实确凿，表述清楚直白。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B44. 叙述的一般要求是( )A.线索清楚B.详略得当C.交代明白D.富于变化参考答案：ABCD45. 常见的过渡形式有( )A.过渡段B.过渡句C.关联词语D.没有任何标示参考答案：AB46. “小说”一词最早见于( )。A.庄子外物B.统一是在某一阶段、某一时期，针对某一目标市场的C.新论D.世说新语参考答案：A47. 学术论文由前置部分和主体部分两部分构成，前置部分包括题名、论文作者、摘要、关键词，主体部分包括引言、

35、正文、结论、致谢、参考文献。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A48. 精心设计板书的重要性有( )A.让学生看的清楚B.有助于学生对教材的理解C.有助于帮助学生掌握教学内容的基本思路D.具有对一堂课之“龙”“点睛”的作用参考答案：BCD49. 请你以学校青年志愿者的名义，根据下面的内容拟一篇广播通知。 写作要求： (1)为了庆祝北请你以学校青年志愿者的名义，根据下面的内容拟一篇广播通知。 写作要求： (1)为了庆祝北京成功申办2008年奥运会，学校组织青年志愿者在植树节的当天去奥林匹克公园植树。 (2)要求早上7：30在学校图书馆前集合，每人携带铁锹和水桶。 (3)植树结束后，大家在公园门口集

36、合，11：30返回。 (4)表达时意思连贯、清楚。 (5)词数100个左右。 (6)参考词汇：植树节Tree-Planting Day；青年志愿者young volunteer。正确答案：Attention Please Everyone!rn I have an announcement to make. Today is Tree-Planting Day. In order to celebrate our success of Beijing winning the laid for the 2008 Olympic Games our school decided to go to

37、the Olympic Park to plant trees making our own contributions to the 2008 Green Olympics. Remember to take not only a spade but also a bucket and wait in front of the school library before 7:30. After work well get together at the gate of the park and come back at 11:30.rn Thats all. Thank you.Attent

38、ionPlease,Everyone!Ihaveanannouncementtomake.TodayisTree-PlantingDay.InordertocelebrateoursuccessofBeijingwinningthelaidforthe2008OlympicGames,ourschooldecidedtogototheOlympicParktoplanttrees,makingourowncontributionstothe2008GreenOlympics.Remembertotakenotonlyaspadebutalsoabucketandwaitinfrontofthe

39、schoollibrarybefore7:30.Afterwork,wellgettogetheratthegateoftheparkandcomebackat11:30.Thatsall.Thankyou.50. 鲁迅的一件小事采用的叙述方式是( )。A.顺叙B.材料C.插叙D.平叙参考答案：A51. Staying in a hotel costs _ renting a room in a dormitory for a week Atwice than Btwice asStaying in a hotel costs _ renting a room in a dormitory f

40、or a weekAtwice thanBtwice as much asCas much twice as Das much twiceB52. Bob is one of the boys who _ always punctual. (be)Bob is one of the boys who _ always punctual. (be)are53. 下列有关应用文的语言表达不正确的是( )。A.准确规范明晰B.时效性C.不能使用模糊语言D.在表达方式上，以叙述、说明为主参考答案：C54. She wanted to know _ child it was on the grass.

41、A) that B) whose C) what D) whomShe wanted to know _ child it was on the grass.A) thatB) whoseC) whatD) whomB这里需填一个引导定语从句的词，并且在从句中要作child的定语，因此只有whose符合。55. _，all the people in the country should be responsible for present crisis.A.In a_，all the people in the country should be responsible for presen

42、t crisis.A.In a certain extentB.To a certain extentC.For a certain extentD .At a certain extent正确答案：B解析：固定搭配：To a certain extent ：在一定程度上56. Answer the following questions after reading the two letters.Answer the following questions after reading the two letters.Letter B$Letter B$Letter B57. Have you

43、 ever been to Shanghai? _. A) Not yet B) Haven&39;t C) Yet not D) Still nHave you ever been to Shanghai?_.A) Not yetB) HaventC) Yet notD) Still notANot yet是I have not ever been to Shanghai yet的省略说法。58. 书信署名方式同样要看写信人和收信人是什么关系，它和称呼是不对应的。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A59. His work was _ than that of any other man in

44、 the school. A) by far better B) better by farHis work was _ than that of any other man in the school.A) by far betterB) better by farC) by far the best D) the best by farBthan前应用比较级形式，因此C，D选项排除；当by far修饰形容词强调数量或程度时，它须放在比较级之后，意为“得多”；但当by far比较级前面有冠词时，可以放在比较级前。如：This is by far the better of the two. 两者之中，这一个好得多。60. A dozen eggs _ 5 nowadays. A) has cost B) costs C) cost D) are costA dozen eggs _ 5 nowadays.A) has costB) costsC) costD) are costCa dozen eggs意为“一打鸡蛋”复数概念。