考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学模拟考试题含答案48

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1、考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题They denounce deficit spending, declaring that you cant solve debt problem with more debt.问题1选项A.condemnB.disputeC.contendD.neglect【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项condemn“谴责；声讨”；B选项dispute“辩论；怀疑”；C选项contend“主张；为斗争”；D选项neglect“疏忽；忽视；忽略”。句意：他们赤字开支，宣称用更多的债务解决不了债务问题。根据名词deficit spending

2、“赤字开支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消费。对这一消费行为有人赞成，也有人否定。根据后面的关键信息you cant solve debt problem with more debt.“你不能用更多的债务来解决债务问题”由此看来，这里是不赞成超前消费的，有反对的意味。因此A选项符合题意。2. 翻译题For those playing the game of science, the method by which they ascertain what they believe is crucial. They have to evaluate data and arguments and d

3、ecide for themselves on their validity. Scientists communicating to others have the task of convincing the hearers of the validity of their statements in terms of the data and their explanations of the data. They are not playing the game correctly if they win support by the strength of their persona

4、lity or prestige. In the short run scientists may follow another on the basis of prestige, but this cannot continue indefinitely. It is up to the hearers to evaluate what the scientists say rather than accept it because they say it. And the culmination of this enterprise is the determination of whet

5、her the explanations account for the data observed. The relationship between scientific explanations and data helps to ensure the integrity of scientists. If their findings are important, they can be sure that their theories and data will be examined critically and new evidence will be attained.It i

6、s the system of data-based explanation that distinguishes science from dogma. Scientists have both the right and the responsibility to decide for themselves, on the basis of evidence at hand, the best explanation of a set of phenomena. On the other hand, dogma (religious, economic, political or soci

7、al) depends on pronouncements by established authorities.【答案】对于从事科学研究的那些人来说，确认他们所相信的东西而所使用的方法是至关重要的。他们不得不评估数据和论据，并自己确定它们的正确性。与他人进行交流的科学家们有必要依据数据和他们对数据的解释，去让听者相信他们的陈述的正确性。如果他们通过自己的品格或威望而获得支持，那么他们就不是在正确地从事科学。从短期来看，尽管科学家们可能基于威望而追随另外一个人，但是这种追随不能无限期地延续。听者应该去评估科学家所说的，而不是因为是他们所说的就相信。科学这项事业的顶峰是确定解释是否能说明所观察到

8、的数据。科学解释与数据之间的关系帮助确保科学家们的诚实。如果他们的发现是重要的，他们可以确信他们的理论和数据将被批判性地检验，并获得新的证据。正是基于数据的解释体系将科学与教条区分开来。根据现有的证据，科学家有权利也有责任为自己决定对一系列现象的最佳解释。另一方面，教条（宗教、经济、政治或社会）依赖于已确立的权威所做的声明。3. 单选题A UN report says that malnutrition is one of the common _ of the poor in Africa.问题1选项A.affectionsB.appeasementsC.afflictionsD.attai

9、nments【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项affection“喜爱，感情，影响”，B项appeasement“缓和，平息，姑息”，C项affliction“苦难，苦恼，折磨”，D项attainment“达到，成就，学识”。从句子结构可知，句子缺少一个表语修饰主语malnutrition“营养不良”，四个选项中只有“苦难，折磨”符合语境。句意：一份联合国报告称，营养不良是非洲穷人普遍遭受的折磨之一。因此，该题选择C项正确。4. 单选题They failed this time, but I would _ a guess that they will do fairly well in t

10、he next election.问题1选项A.pursueB.hazardC.illustrateD.crave【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项pursue“继续，从事，追赶”，B项hazard“大胆猜测，冒的危险”，C项illustrate“阐明，举例说明，图解”，D项crave“渴望，恳求”。由空格后的guess“猜测”可知，B项符合语境。句意：他们这次失败了，但我敢打赌他们在下次选举中会表现得相当好。因此，该题选择B项正确。5. 单选题The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunter

11、s. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, and beriberi. Then it w

12、as discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the l920s and 1930s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the

13、 microbe hunters.In the 1940s and l950s, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and functi

14、on. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genesthe blueprints for each of the enzymesand are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseasesdiabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gen

15、e hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibi

16、llion-dollar industry.In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether t

17、he hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters, I will return to them later.5. What is the main topic of the passage?6. How do vitamins influence health?7. Whi

18、ch of the following best describes the authors tone in the last paragraph of the passage?8. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?问题1选项A.The microbe hunters.B.The potential of genetic engineering.C.The progress of modern medical research.D.The discovery of e

19、nzymes.问题2选项A.They are necessary for some enzymes to function.B.They protect the body from microbes.C.They keep food from spoiling.D.They are broken down by cells to produce energy.问题3选项A.CriticalB.SpeculativeC.AppreciativeD.Emotional问题4选项A.The focus of medical research will change in the next two d

20、ecades.B.Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.C.Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.D.Most diseases are caused by defective genes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】5. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段中The first two decades of this century were dominated by t

21、he microbe hunters.（微生物搜寻者在这个世纪（即20世纪）的前20年占主要地位）以及And so in the decades of the l920s and 1930s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.（因此在20世纪20年代和30年代的几十年里，营养成为一门科学，而维他命搜寻者替代了微生物搜寻者。）由此可知全文都在介绍医学的发展。因此C选项“现代医学研究的发展”正确，符合题意。A选项“微生物搜寻者”，B选项“基因工程的潜能”，D选项“酶的发现

22、”都只是文中提及的一部分内容且包括在医学研究发展之中，不能作为整体概括，可排除。故选C。6. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】客观细节题。定位在文章的第二段They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function.（他们发现，新陈代谢中关键的酶依赖一种或另外一种维生素，充当辅酶去完成为细胞生长和功能

23、提供能量的这个化学过程。）由此可知维生素作为辅酶是酶进行新陈代谢作用的关键。因此A选项“它们对于酶发挥作用是必需的”正确，符合题意。B选项“它们保护身体不受微生物之害”，C选项“它们让食物不变坏”，D选项“它们被细胞分解去生成能量”均不符合题意，可排除。故选A。7. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】观点态度题。定位在最后一段In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight.（鉴于科学发展的不可阻挡，我们能预期基因搜寻者

24、在公众注意的中心中将会被取代。）而且最后一段，作者使用了大量的疑问句。由此可知，B选项“推测的；猜测的”正确，符合作者的语调。A选项“批评的”，C选项“赏识的；感激的”，D选项“易激动的”均不符题意，可排除。故选B。8. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在最后一段In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight.（鉴于科学发展的不可阻挡，我们能预期基因搜寻者在公众注意的中心中将会被取代。）可知作者认为医

25、学研究中心是会改变的。但是由哪种搜寻者能够占据核心位置，还是尚未可知的。因此A选项“医学研究的中心在接下来的20年将会改变”正确，符合题意。B选项“医学上的突破经常靠运气”，C选项“微生物搜寻者在整个20世纪的医学研究中占主要地位”，D选项“大多数疾病由有缺陷的基因导致”均未在文中有提及，可排除。故选A。6. 单选题Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less sociable than inhabitants of countries where the clima

26、te is more _.问题1选项A.excessiveB.equivalentC.equableD.exquisite【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项excessive“过多的，极度的，过分的”，B项equivalent“（在价值、数量等方面）相等的，等价的，等效的”，C项equable“平静的，变动小的”，D项exquisite“精致的，细腻的，优美的，剧烈的”。由long dark winters“漫长黑暗的冬天”和than“比”可知前后是对比，故where the climate is more _中填入exquisite符合语境。句意：那些生活在有漫长而黑暗的冬天的国家的人往

27、往比那些气候更优美的国家的居民更不爱说话，更不爱交际。因此，该题选择D项正确。7. 单选题Although many （modifications）have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.问题1选项A.rulesB.changesC.demandsD.leagues【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A项rule“规则，建议，统治”，B项change“变

28、化，改变，替代物”，C项demand“（坚决的或困难的）要求，（顾客的）需求”，D项league“联盟，社团，范畴”。句意：尽管对其进行了许多修改，但在美国被称为足球的比赛可以直接追溯到英国的橄榄球比赛。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。因此，该题选择B项正确。8. 单选题She makes no _ of then affair in public and he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances.问题1选项A.acknowledgmentB.concealmentC.complimentD.

29、amendment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项acknowledgment“感谢，承认，承认书”，B项concealment“隐藏，隐蔽，隐匿处”，C项compliment“恭维，称赞，问候”，D项amendment“修正案，改善，改正”。根据he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances“他知道他不能和这些新认识的人谈论这件事”可知，makes no _中的空格处应该表示“没有承认”。句意：她没有公开承认那件事，他知道他不能和这些新认识的人提起这件事。因此，该题选择A项正确。9. 单选

30、题During his 10 years of service in Tibet he worked much more than which was good for his health and now he is virtually an invalid.问题1选项A.years of serviceB.than whichC.forD.virtually【答案】B【解析】考查语法。根据句子结构可知，than引导的是一个比较状语从句，表示的是“他工作远远超过了对他健康有益的范围/程度”，which是指“哪一个”，在这里应该改为what，指“什么”。句意：在西藏服务的10年里，他的工作远远

31、超出了对健康有益的范围，他实际上是一个残疾人。因此，该题选择B项。10. 单选题If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign which you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do.问题1选项A.contrary toB.whichC.awareD.as you do【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构可知，sign后面的句子是一个从句，根据从句的内容可知，这是对sign的补充说明，属于同

32、位语从句，而which并不能引导同位语从句。句意：如果某一种与你相左的见解使你生气，那么这就是一种迹象，说明你潜意识地感到，你没法给自己的想法以充分的理由。因此，该题选择B项。11. 单选题Plato had an essentially antagonistic view of art and the artist, although he approved of certain religious and moralistic kinds of art.问题1选项A.ethicalB.responsiveC.feasibleD.hostile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。antagon

33、istic表示“敌对的，对抗性的”；A项ethical“伦理的，道德的”，B项responsive“响应的，应答的”，C项feasible“可行的，可能的，可实行的”，D项hostile“敌对的，敌方的，怀敌意的”。句意：尽管柏拉图赞同某些宗教和道德的艺术类型，但他对艺术和艺术家的看法本质上是对立的。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。12. 单选题The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.问题1选项A.vanishedB.scatteredC.disregardedD.abandoned【答案】D【解析】考查

34、动词辨析。A项vanish“消失，突然不见，成为零”，B项scatter“撒播，散开，散布”，C项disregard“忽视，无视，不尊重”，D项abandon“遗弃，离开，放弃”。根据句子可知，空格部分是动词的过去分词做宾语补足语，与The lost car“丢失的汽车”形成被动关系，四个选项中只有abandon符合语境。句意：Lee的那辆丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里。因此，该题选择D项正确。13. 单选题Even if the genes themselves are not initially hazardous, you do not know how they are go

35、ing to evolve.问题1选项A.partiallyB.originallyC.ultimatelyD.fundamentally【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项partially“部分地；偏袒地”；B选项originally“最初，起初；本来”；C选项ultimately“最后；根本”；D选项fundamentally“根本地，基础地”。ultimately和fundamentally都有根本的意思，前者侧重于就结果方向而言，而后者侧重于从源泉方向讲。句意：即使基因本身没有危险，你也不知道它们将如何进化。Even if引导让步状语从句。由后面的关键信息you do not kn

36、ow how they are going to evolve.“你不知道它们将如何发展”，是在说基因之后的发展，所以按照逻辑关系，刚开始基因本身是没有危险的，但是之后经历过一些变化后就难以保证了。因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题She said goodnight a second time and ran downstairs again to _ all her preparations for the morrow.问题1选项A.turn onB.account forC.wrestle withD.let down【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A项turn on“打开，发动，取决

37、于”，B项account for“对负有责任，对做出解释”，C项wrestle with“全力对付，努力克服”，D项let down“使失望，放下，辜负”。由句子句意“她第二次道了晚安，然后又跑下楼去_为明天所做的一切准备”可知，四个选项中只有wrestle with符合语境。句意：她又道了一声晚安，然后又跑下楼去为明天做准备。因此，该题选择C项正确。15. 单选题Hearsay evidence consists of statements made out of court by someone who is not present to testify under oath at a t

38、rial.问题1选项A.mistrustB.disputeC.scrutinyD.pledge【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓约，诅咒”；A项mistrust“不信任，怀疑”，B项dispute“辩论，争吵，意见不同”，C项scrutiny“详细审查，监视，细看”，D项pledge“保证，誓言，抵押”。句意：非直接证据指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作证时所作的证词。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。16. 单选题Mountain climbing, like other sports, requires skill, stamina, teamwork, and the knowle

39、dge and experience to handle specialized equipment.问题1选项A.intelligenceB.guidanceC.enduranceD.caution【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。stamina表示“耐力，持久力，毅力”；A项intelligence“智力，情报工作，情报机关”，B项guidance“指导，引导，领导”，C项endurance“忍耐力，耐久性”，D项caution“小心，谨慎，警告”。句意：爬山和其他运动一样，需要技巧、耐力、团队合作以及处理专门设备的知识和经验。因此，根据句意可知C选项正确。17. 翻译题如果想给别人留下良好

40、的形象，你首先得树立良好的自我形象。一个具有失败者形象的人永远无法在别人面前树立成功者的形象。从古至今，一些伟大的哲人都说过：你自认为是什么样的人就是什么样的人。既然我们都可以选择如何想象自己，我们就应该尽力往积极、良好的方面去想。【答案】If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image t

41、o others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts.18. 翻译题Some parents believe that securing admission to a top-flight university provides a child wi

42、th an irrevocable passport to success, guaranteeing a life of uninterrupted economic mirth. Parents such as these upwardly mobile chuckleheads exude an almost Prussian belligerence when announcing their childrens destinations, congratulating themselves on a job well done, while issuing a sotto voce

43、taunt to parents of the less gifted. For them, the hard part of child rearing is now over. Junior went to the right prep school, made the right friends, signed up for the right activities and is now headed for the right school. Now we can get the heck out of here and move to Tuscany (an Italian regi

44、on known for gorgeous landscapes).But in reality, life doesnt end at age 17 or 21. In real life, some children get the finest educations but still become fist-class screw-ups. Some of those boys and girls most likely to succeed are going to end up on welfare or skid row. At which point theyll need p

45、arental input or cash. A parents responsibility doesnt end once the kids leave. A parents responsibility never ends. Thats why Nature gives you the job.【答案】一些家长认为，获得一流大学的录取为孩子提供了一张通往成功的无法改变的通行证，能保证一辈子财运亨通，不会中断。像这些社会地位向上流动的傻瓜家长们在宣告自己孩子的目标、庆贺自己干了件好事的同时，也在不知不觉地流露出一副普鲁士似的好战，无声地奚落了那些不是很有天赋的孩子们的家长。对他们来说，抚

46、养孩子最艰难的阶段已经结束了。孩子中学上完后，上了合适的预备学校，交上正当的朋友，签名参加合适的活动，现在又上了合适的学校。现在我们可以离开这儿了，搬到托斯卡纳区享受去。（意大利的一个地方，以美丽风景而闻名）。但事实上，现实生活并不是停止在17岁或21岁。在现实生活中，有些孩子得到了最好的教育，但仍然成为一流的失败者。那些最有可能成功的男孩和女孩中，有一些最终将靠政府福利生活，或者沦落在贫民窟。这时他们就需要父母的投入或金钱。父母的责任并不因为孩子离开了，就可以结束，父母的责任永远不会终止。这就是为什么大自然赋予你这种工作。19. 单选题Computer systems employ many

47、 tactics to thwart unauthorized access. Many computer systems require a user to enter a secret password to gain access.问题1选项A.strengthenB.preventC.superviseD.restrict【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。thwart表示“挫败，反对，阻碍”；A项strengthen“加强，巩固”，B项prevent“预防，防止，阻止”，C项supervise“监督，管理，指导”，D项restrict“限制，约束，限定”。句意：计算机系统采用许多策略来阻

48、止未经授权的访问；许多计算机系统要求用户输入密码才能进入。因此，根据句意可知B选项正确。20. 填空题For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon(干扰素)，a 36 wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacterial infections, and tumors. To 37 , the new drug

49、 has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to 38 its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.The reason for the 39 lies in the structure of interferon. A species of specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species

50、 cannot be used in 40 another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so 41 that the amount given each patient per injection is very small.Unlike

51、antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly. 42 , it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and 43 the multiplication of viruses within cells.As you might conclude, one of the most 44 uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at

52、Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. 45 a group of selected patients who had 46 surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given conventional treatments and the other half were given interferon. The 47 rate over a three-yea

53、r period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as 48 with only 10 to 30 percent among those who has received the 49 treatments.In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now under 50 . If the experiment is successful, interferon coul

54、d become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time.36. A. possible B. adequate C. potential D. capable37. A. time B. stage C. date D. period38. A. determine B. discourage C. decrease D. disclose39. A. uniqueness B. peculiarity C. feature D. scarcity40. A. treating B. producing C. operating

55、 D. handling41. A. potent B. slight C. obvious D. obscure42. A. However B. Moreover C. Hence D. Instead43. A. motivates B. prevents C. strikes D. eliminates44. A. restrictive B. dramatic C. probable D. crucial45. A. With B. For C. Among D. Within46. A. sustained B. endured C. prepared D. undergone47

56、. A. existence B. treatment C. survival D. growth48. A. weighed B. balanced C. differentiated D. compared49. A. original B. conventional C. exceptional D. desirable50. A. way B. track C. course D. route【答案】36.A37.C38.B39.D40.A41.A42.D43.B44.D45.C46.D47.C48.D49.B50.A Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false fa

57、lse EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 【解析】36.考查形容词辨析。A选项possible“可能的；合理的；合适的”；B选项adequate“充足的；适当的；胜任的”；C选项potential“潜在的；可能的”；D选项capable“能干的；能胜任的”。由前一句scientists have been testing a substance called interferon“科学家们一直在测试一种叫作干扰素的物质”，可知这一物质还在测试中，并未得出确切结果，所以能否成为wonder drug“特效药”只是一种可能。possible和potential都有可能的意思。potential

58、一般是可以发展成某种东西或在未来能够被发展，具体指潜能方面上的。possible一般指能够做到的可能性。因此A选项符合题意。37.考查固定搭配。A选项time“时间；时代”；B选项stage“阶段；舞台”；C选项date“日期；约会”；D选项period“期间；经期”。由空格后the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance“这种新药还没有引起足够的负面反应”，可知这里指从过去到现在的这段时间内，新药并未引起足够的负面反应。固定搭配to date“迄今为止”。因此C选项符合题意。38.考查动词辨析

59、。A选项determine“决定；判定；限定”；B选项discourage“阻止；使气馁”；C选项decrease“减少；减小”；D选项disclose“公开；揭露”。因为迄今为止，这种新药还没有产生影响很大的副作用，新药的使用只是对一部分有需求的人而言的，所以这里应该是指不会阻止它的使用。因为这里并没有说使用者的数量，所以可以排除C选项。因此B选项符合题意。39.考查名词辨析。A选项uniqueness“独特性；独一无二”；B选项peculiarity“特性；怪癖”；C选项feature“特色，特征；容貌”；D选项scarcity“不足；稀缺”。结合第一段末尾句But in spite of

60、 its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.“但尽管取得了成功，去年全世界只生产了一克。”由此可知特效药是非常稀缺的，所以第二段承接第一段的内容，开始分析造成稀缺的原因。因此D选项符合题意。40.考查动词辨析。A选项treating“治疗；对待”；B选项producing“生产；引起；生育”；C选项operating“操作；经营”；D选项handling“处理；操作”。句意：一种特殊的蛋白质，干扰素从一种动物中产生，不能用于另一种动物。空格后的信息In other words“换句话说”，to t

61、reat human beings“去治疗人类”，意味着两句的动词一致。因此A选项符合题意。41.考查形容词辨析。A选项potent“有效的；强有力的”；B选项slight“轻微的；少量的”；C选项obvious“明显的；显著的”；D选项obscure“不清楚的；不著名的”。句意：幸运的是，这种药物是非常，每次给每个病人的剂量都很小。药品使用的剂量越小越能够说明它更加强效。因此A选项符合题意。42.考查逻辑关系。A选项However“然而；但是”；B选项Moreover“而且；此外”；C选项Hence“因此”；D选项Instead“反而”。空格前Unlike antibiotics, inte

62、rferon does not attack germs directly.“与抗生素不同，干扰素不直接攻击病菌。”与空格后it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection.“它让未受影响的细胞抵抗感染。”，根据逻辑关系可知主动攻击与保护是相反的，因此D选项符合题意。43.考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“刺激；使有动机”；B选项prevent“预防；阻止”；C选项strike“打击；罢工”；D选项eliminate“消除；排除”。空格前一句it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection“它让未受影响的细胞抵抗感染”，也即是阻止未受影响细胞免受感染。因此and连接的并列句中的动词词义应与前一句保持一致。因此B选项符合题意。44.考查形容词辨析。A选项restricti