2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第86期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The tongue, _, is an important aid in chewing and swallowing.问题1选项A.is the chief organ of tasteB.tasting the organ chieflyC.the chief organ of tasteD.the organ chiefly tastes【答案】C【解析】考查同位语。同位语是指一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。所以要排除有

2、动词的A项和D项，由题干可知，我们需要修饰的是tongue，B项的意思完全不符合题意，它表示“主要品尝器官”；只有C项是正确的同位语。句意：舌头是主要的味觉器官，在咀嚼和吞咽时起着重要的辅助作用。因此，该题正确答案为C。2. 问答题Directions: In this part there is a page from the local telephone directory giving information about various services. Read the following situations and decide which number you would t

3、elephone. The first one has been done as an example. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.INSTANT CALL GUIDEDirectory AssistanceFor unknown, new and altered numbers 019Local.019International.055Faults and Service DifficultiesLocal.088International.044Business Customer Faults.008Operator Connected C

4、allsFrom a private phone.076From a payphone042Charge enquiries.066International Telegrams.093Wake up/reminder calls.012Telephone bill enquiries.17489Example:You want to have a morning call.Answer: 01266. You want to send an international telegram._67. You are trying to call locally but the telephone

5、 is not working properly._68. You want to know how much it will cost to telephone your home country._69. You have to telephone your local kindergarten but you do not know the number._70. Your international phone call was cut off while you were speaking._【答案】66.09367.08868.06669.01970.044【解析】66.题干是：你

6、想发一封国际电报。根据关键词international telegram可知答案为093。67.题干是：你想打本地电话，但电话不能正常工作。根据关键词locally和not working properly可知答案为088。68.题干是：你想知道打电话到本国需要多少钱。根据关键词how much和cost可知答案为066。69.题干是：你必须给当地的幼儿园打电话，但你不知道号码。根据关键词do not know the number可知答案为019。70.题干是：你说话的时候，国际电话被切断了。根据问题可知这属于Faults and Service Difficulties（故障和业务问题），

7、结合关键词international可知答案为044。3. 单选题The rings in a cross section of a pine tree reveal both the age of the tree and _.问题1选项A.is the climatic changes undergoingB.the climatic changes it has undergoneC.undergoes the climatic changesD.it has undergone climatic changes【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。bothand是一个表示并列的连词，连接的前

8、后成分在语法上必须一致，and之前接的是一个名词结构，做句子的宾语，所以我们也要选择一个名词结构，A项不符合语法；C项undergo是动词；D项是一个句子不符合语法；句意：松树横截面上的年轮既揭示了松树的年龄，也揭示了它所经历的气候变化。根据语法和句意，正确答案为B。4. 单选题From an airplane, the grasslands of the western prairie appear almost as uniform as a placid sea.问题1选项A.calmB.seedyC.hillyD.fake【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。placid表示“平静的，温和

9、的”。A项calm“平静的，沉着的”，B项seedy“多种子的”，C项hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D项fake“伪造的”。句意：从飞机上看，西部大草原的草原几乎像平静的大海一样一成不变。根据题意该题选A。5. 单选题There was no traffic visible, but Tango hold up his right arm majestically, as though he _ a crowd of roaring trucks.问题1选项A.is haltingB.had haltedC.would be haltingD.were halting【答案】D【解析】考查虚

10、拟语气。as though在这里引导了后面的虚拟语气，表示“仿佛”；此处是对过去的虚拟，因此从句用过去时态，又因为语境需要，表示动作正在进行，A、B、C选项时态均不对，只有D项符合。句意：路上看不到车辆，但探戈庄严地举起右臂，好像他在阻止一群呼啸的卡车。故正确答案为D。6. 单选题Most traditional folk songs are of anonymous origin.问题1选项A.insignificantB.inconspicuousC.unusualD.unknown【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。anonymous表示“匿名的，无名的”；A项insignificant“

11、无关紧要的”，B项inconspicuous“不起眼的，不引起注意的”，C项unusual“不寻常的，与众不同的”，D项unknown“未知的”。句意：大多数的传统民间歌曲的作者都无从得知。根据句意该题选D。7. 单选题The factorys waste was found to be detrimental to the environment.问题1选项A.harmfulB.helpfulC.harmlessD.harsh【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A项harmful“有害的”，B项helpful“有帮助的”，C项harmless“无害的

12、”，D项harsh“严厉的，严酷的”。句意：人们发现这家工厂的废物对环境有害。因此A项正确。8. 单选题When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In _2

13、1_ cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the _22_ may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to _23_ directly to the store manager. _24_ general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the fa

14、ster he or she can expect it to be _25_. In such a case, it usually settled in the consumers _26_, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain _27_ person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of _28_, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Co

15、mplaining is usually most _29_ when it is done politely but firmly, and _30_ when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item _31_ question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best _32_ presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making _33_ statem

16、ents.The store manager may _34_ the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If _35_, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly _36_ possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the _37_ result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can _38_ to take t

17、he seller to court or report the _39_ to a private or public organization _40_ for protecting consumers rights.问题1选项A.allB.mostC.fewD.no问题2选项A.consumerB.sellerC.merchantD.manufacturer问题3选项A.complainB.claimC.chargeD.accuse问题4选项A.ToB.InC.ByD.At问题5选项A.finishedB.explainedC.answeredD.settled问题6选项A.profit

18、B.favorC.benefitD.interest问题7选项A.inB.byC.withD.on问题8选项A.gainB.getC.buyD.purchase问题9选项A.effectiveB.efficientC.quickD.smooth问题10选项A.specificallyB.especiallyC.expectedlyD.respectively问题11选项A.out ofB.inC.withoutD.beyond问题12选项A.inB.forC.byD.at问题13选项A.generalB.specificC.detailedD.concrete问题14选项A.suggestB.

19、informC.recommendD.advise问题15选项A.soB.thatC.suchD.thus问题16选项A.soB.asC.ifD.when问题17选项A.reasonedB.decidedC.desiredD.inferred问题18选项A.frightenB.threatenC.endangerD.appeal问题19选项A.purchaserB.buyerC.consumerD.seller问题20选项A.countableB.responsibleC.chargeableD.suitable【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8

20、题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:C第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:B【解析】21.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查上下文语义和搭配。A项in all cases“在所有情况下”，B项in most cases“在大多数情况下”，C项in few cases“在少数情况下”，D项in no cases没有这个用法，只有in no case“绝不”。上文提到When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way

21、does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.（当消费者发现自己买的东西有质量问题或者在别的什么方面没有达到生产商宣传的标准时，他首先要做的是向购买这个东西的商店出示保单或者其他可能有用的购物凭证。），由此可知下文是表示大多数情况下这些行动可以得到结果；A项in all cases太绝对，C项不符合语境，因此只有B项正确。故该

22、题选B。22.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查逻辑推理。A项consumer“顾客，消费者”，B项seller“售货员”，C项merchant“商人”，D项manufacturer“制造商”。根据句子However, if it does not, there are various means themay use to gain satisfaction. （然而，如果没有给你想要的结果，可以采取各种各样的手段来达到满意的结果），结合上文消费者为买到质量有问题或者虚假宣传的商品可以维权可知空格处应该填入consumer“消费者”。故该题A项正确。23.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词语辨析。

23、A项complain“投诉，发牢骚”，B项claim“要求，声称”，C项charge“充电，要价”，D项accuse“谴责，控告”。根据句子A simple and common method used by many consumers is todirectly to the store manager.（许多消费者使用的一个简单而常见的方法是直接向商店经理报告。）可知，空格处应该是“投诉”。故该题A项正确。24.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查固定搭配。根据后面的单词general和选项中的介词可知，in general为固定搭配，表示“通常，总之，一般而言”。A、C、D项均没有这个用法，

24、故该题B项正确。25.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文和词语辨析。A项finish“结束”，B项explain“抱怨”，C项answer“回答”，D项settle“解决”。上文提到消费者可以直接向经理投诉，接着说到in general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be（一般来说，消费者接受投诉的“高层”越高，投诉得到的速度就越快），由此可知投诉得到“解决”的速度越快，所以填settled符合句意。故该题D项正确。26.【试题答案

25、】B【试题解析】考查词语搭配和语义推测。A项profit“利润，利益”，B项favor“支持”，C项benefit“有利于”，D项interest“兴趣，爱好”。根据句子In such a case, it usually settled in the consumers, assuming he or she has a just claim.（在这种情况下，假如消费者提出的要求正当，判决通常对他(她) 。）可知，空格处应该是表示“有利的”，in ones favor表示“对某人有利的”。故该题B项正确。27.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词语搭配。根据句子Consumers should

26、complainperson whenever possible（无论何时，消费者都应该投诉），可知in person表示“亲自地”，句意：无论何时，消费者应尽可能亲自投诉。故该题A项正确。28.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项gain“获得”；B项get“得到”；C项buy“购买”；D项purchase“购买”。由句子but if they cannot get to the place of, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.（但如果消费者不能到达地点，可以打电话或写信投诉。）可知，空格处

27、表示“购买商品的地方”，故A、B项排除。C项和D项都有“购买”的意思，但是purchase更偏向于正式场合，在正式交谈以及书面体中多用purchase。故该题D项正确。29.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项effective“有效的”，强调一个事情的结果，表示结果很好；B项efficient“有效率的”，强调一个事情的过程，表示过程很快；C项quick“快的”；D项smooth“顺利的，光滑的”。根据句子Complaining is usually mostwhen it is done politely but firmly（礼貌而非强硬的投诉通常是），可推测空格处应该是表示“有

28、效果的”。故该题A项正确。30.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项specifically“特别地，明确地”，侧重明确指出某一点；B项especially“尤其，特别是”，侧重指出某种异常；C项expectedly“预期地，意料之中地”；D项respectively“分别地，各自地”。根据句子Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, andwhen the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong（礼貌而非强硬的投诉通常是有效的，当顾客能够说

29、明什么是错的时候）可知，空格处应该是表示强调后面的内容，表示“尤其是”。故该题B项正确。31.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查介词用法和句意。A项out of“由于，缺乏”，B项in“在里”，C项without“没有”，D项beyond“超越”。根据句子Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the itemquestion.（礼貌而非强硬的投诉通常是有

30、效的，尤其是当顾客能够可以证明存在问题的商品的问题所在之处的时候），可知填入in正确，in question固定用法表示“有问题的”。故该题B项正确。32.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查句子结构和介词用法。A项in“在里”，B项for“为，对”，C项by“通过”，D项at“在”。根据句子the consumer will succeed bestpresenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making可知，rather than在这里作连词，后面用了“by介词+动词的现在分词”表示方式状语，因此前面也是

31、同样的结构。句意：消费者最好能提供具体的信息，告诉他们哪里出了问题，而不是。故该题C项正确。33.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词语辨析和上下文。A项general“通常的”，B项specific“具体的”，C项detailed“详细的”，D项concrete“实在的，有形的”。根据句子the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by makingstatements（消费者要想获得成功，最好的办法是提供具体的信息，说明什么是错误的，而不是做

32、出说明）可知，空格处是和上文specific对应，所以此空也要填入与specific意思相近的词。故该题C项正确。34.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项suggest“建议，暗示”，B项inform“通知”，C项recommend“推荐”，D项advise“建议”。根据句子The store manager maythe consumer to write to the manufacturer.（商店经理可能会消费者写信给制造商。）可知，空格应该表示“建议”。A项和D项都有“建议”的意思，但是advise后可以直接跟人称代词作宾语，如advise sb. to do sth.，a

33、dvise sb. against (doing) sth.，advise sb. on/about sth.；而 suggest 后一般用 suggest to sb. that的形式。故该题D项正确。35.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义。上文提到商店经理可能建议消费者写信给厂商，接着下文提到If, the consumer should do this（如果，消费者应该这样做）；A项if so为固定搭配，表示“如果这样”，B项没有if that这个搭配；C项也没有if such的用法；D项thus为连词，不能跟在if后面。故该题A项正确。36.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查固定搭

34、配。根据句子If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmlypossible.（如果是这样，消费者应该这样做，尽可能礼貌和坚定地陈述投诉）可知，as. as.possible表示“尽可能的”。故该题B项正确。37.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项reasoned“详尽论述的，理由充分的”，B项decided“明确的，显然的”，C项desired“渴望的，想要的”，D项inferred“推论的，推测出的”。根据句子But if a polite complaint

35、does not achieve theresult, the consumer can go a step further.（但是如果一个礼貌的投诉没有达到的结果，消费者还可以采取更进一步的措施。）可知，结合句意空格处应该表达“想要的”。故该题C项正确。38.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项frighten“惊吓，惊恐”；B项threaten“威胁”，threaten to do表示“威胁要做”；C项endanger“危及，使遭到危险”；D项appeal“呼吁，上诉”，appeal to表示“上诉，呼吁”。根据句子She or he canto take the seller t

36、o court可知，appeal to表示 “上诉”后面应该直接加名词，因此空格处应该填入“威胁”，句意为“她或他可以威胁要把卖主告上法庭”。A项讲“恐吓”有些过分，故该题B项正确。39.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文语义。A项purchaser“买方”；B项buyer“买主”；C项consumer“消费者”；D项seller“卖家”。上文提到买家可以把卖家告上法庭，下文接着提到report theto a private or public organization（向私人或公共机构报道）可知，空格处表示“卖家”。故该题D项正确。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项cou

37、ntable“可数的，可计算的”；B项responsible“负责任的”；C项chargeable“应支付的，可控诉的”；D项suitable“合适的”。根据句子She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organizationfor protecting consumers rights.（为了对保护消费者的权利，她或他可以威胁要把卖主告上法庭，或把卖主报道给私人或公共机构。）可知，responsible for表示“对负责”。故该题B项正确。9

38、. 填空题Direction: The following are some words and phrases, some of which are taken from the text that follows. Decide which word or phrase should go in each gap and then write the letter in the space provided. Note that there are more words and phrase than gaps. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet

39、.Standards of MeasurementIn early times measurements were made by comparing things with parts of (example). Early units of measurement included the distance from the elbow to the fingers, the width of the hand and the width of the fingers.Some of these human measurements are still used. For example,

40、 66 based on the length of half the thumb. A foot was originally 67 of a mans foot. A mile was one thousand walking steps.These units were only 68 because their standardthe human bodywas not constant. Governments tried to 69 them by using rods of fixed lengths. But these rods still varied from 70 to

41、 country.During the French Revolution, scientists looked for a _71 which did not change. They chose the distance from the Equator to the North Pole, which is one quarter of the circumference of the Earth. One ten millionth of this was called 72 and became the basic unit of the metric system. Other m

42、etric 73 are based on it. For example, the centimeter is one hundredth of a meter. A gramthe unit of 74 is the mass of one cubic centimeter of water.A standard meter was marked on a platinum bar. The accuracy of 75 was checked by comparing them with this bar. Nowadays the meter is standardized by co

43、mparing it with another constantthe wavelength of a certain kind of light.66. _ 67. _ 68. _ 69. _ 70. _71. _ 72. _ 73. _ 74. _ 75. _【答案】66.J67.E68.K69.A70.L71.N72.I73.B74.M75.G【解析】66.考查上下文语义。第一句提到Some of these human measurements are still used.（一些人工测量方法仍在使用），紧接着下文提到based on the length of half the th

44、umb（根据一半拇指的长度），由此可知，空格处填入的应该是一个测量的单位，故该题选J“the inch（英寸）”正确。67.考查句子语义。根据句子A foot was originallyof a mans foot（英尺最初是一个人的脚的），可知，空格处应该是填入length表示长度；故该题选E正确。68.考查句子语义。根据句子These units were onlybecause their standardthe human bodywas not constant.（这些单位只是因为人体的器官并不是一成不变的），可知，空格处应该是表示“大约的，近似的”；故该题选K正确。69.考查句子

45、语义。应该填入一个动词，只有A和M是动词，根据句子意思A符合题意。句意：政府试图通过使用固定长度的棒子来将其标准化。故该题选A正确。70.考查固定用法。vary from country to country 表示“因国家而异”，因此空格处要填入country。句意：但是这些棒子仍然依国家而异。故该题选L正确。71.考查上下文语义。上一段提到没有标准的测量，下文就提到了During the French Revolution, scientists looked for awhich did not change.（在法国大革命期间，科学家们寻找一种不变的） ，由此可知空格处应该是表示“标准的

46、测量”，故N项符合题意。该题选N正确。72.考查上下文语义。由下文For example, the centimeter is one hundredth of a meter（例如，厘米是一米的百分之一）可知此处指的是“一米”，因此空格处应该填one meter。该题选I正确。73.考查上下文语义。由下文的centimeter和gram可知此处指的是“测量单位”，因此空格处应该填units。句意：其他公制单位以它为基础。该题选B正确。74.考查上下文语义。由常识判断gram是重量单位，因此空格处应该填weight；句意：重量单位一克相当于一立方厘米水。故该题选M正确。75.考查上下文语义。上

47、句提到A standard meter was marked on a platinum bar.（标准的米制测量标在铝棒上），下文接着说到The accuracy of was checked by comparing them with this bar.（的准确度是通过把它们与这根杆子比较来检验的），根据这两个句子可以猜到空格处应该是表示“测量仪器”，因此该题选G正确。10. 单选题As cultures are merged and traditions lost, immigrants will come to be assimilated.问题1选项A.eliminatedB.re

48、vokedC.modifiedD.blended【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A项eliminate“消除”，B项revoke“撤回，取消”，C项modify“修饰”，D项blend“混合，协调”；句意：随着文化的融合和传统的丧失，移民将会被同化。根据句意该题选D。11. 翻译题中国与西方国家的合作是互利的。中国经济的发展，不仅改善了本国人民的生活，也为世界经济的增长提供了新的推动力，为发达国家提供了更多的商业机会。中国是一个潜力巨大的新兴市场，西方国家技术先进，资金雄厚，两者经济上具有很强的互补性。西方一些国家对华采取歧视性的贸易政策，不仅损人，最终也会损害自

49、己的利益。【答案】参考译文：The cooperation of the West and China is mutually beneficial to each other. The economic development of China not only improve the quality of natives life, but also give new impetus to world economy and provide more opportunities for the developed countries in business. China is an eme

50、rging market with great potential, while Western countries have advanced technology and abundant capital, both of which are highly complementary in economy. Some western countries adopt discriminatory trade policies against China, which will not only does harm to others, but also does harm to their

51、own interests in the end.12. 单选题By providing legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights.问题1选项A.branchesB.exercisesC.performanceD.violations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。breach表示“违反，缺口”；A项branch“树枝”，B项exercise“运动，练习”，C项performance“表现，性能”

52、，D项violation“违反，妨碍”。句意：通过提供法律代理，美国公民自由联盟致力于保护公民的公民权利不受侵犯。根据句意该题选D。13. 单选题Formerly, calcium and vitamin D were frequently added to enriched bread, but _ consumer demand and questionable nutritional benefit led to gradual phasing out of these enrichments.问题1选项A.lack ofB.lacking ofC.lacked ofD.lack【答案】

53、A【解析】考查句子结构和lack的用法。lack作动词时，后面直接加宾语，作名词通常和of连用。句意：以前，钙和维他命D常常被加入面包丰富其营养，但由于缺乏消费者需求和令人可疑的营养益处导致这些面包逐渐被淘汰。根据句意A项正确。14. 填空题Directions: In this part, you will read a passage. Then using words or phrases from the passage fill in the boxes in the following diagram to indicate the possible sequences of ev

54、ents before and after an earthquake. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacif

55、ic Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are

56、initiated by the quake.2. There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quake

57、s ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from inhabited areas.3. The actual cause of the quake itself is the rupturing or breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of

58、 reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift.4. In order to minimize the damage and to alleviate some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in u

59、se to achieve this goal are seismographs and tilt meters. The former records any shaking of the earth; by means of calculations seismologists can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the tilt of the land.【答案】66.pressure67.seismographs68.shaking of the earth69.tilt meters70.changes in the tilt of the l