2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷98（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题There was not a single person there（ ） thought you were right.问题1选项A.whomB.asC.butD.whose【答案】C【解析】考查连词的用法。But 用作连词，放在否定词或疑问词之后，作从属关系，表示否定意义，相当于 that not。选项C符合题意。句意：那里没有一个人认为你是错的。2. 单选题I am sure you would have seen her if you （ ）that evening.问题1选项A.had turned ou

2、tB.had turned onC.had turned inD.had turned up【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn out “结果是”；turn on “打开”；turn in “交上”；turn up “出现”。句意：我确信如果你那天晚上出现的话肯定能够看到她。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Many tourists were（ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”

3、；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Very few scientists （ ）completely new answers to the worlds problems.问题1选项A.come up withB.come outC.come roundD.come up to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。come up with “提出，想出”；come out “出版”；come round “苏醒；顺道拜访”；come up to “到达，等于”。句意

4、：很少有科学家对世界性的问题提出新的回答。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major functions-has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are syste

5、ms that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be proc

6、essed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due to advances in video-signal compression technol

7、ogy, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and data and can be on television sets in homes, scho

8、ols, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and communication tools. For example, there are availableEncyclopedias that contain video programs depicting animal behaviors, geomorphic processes, and other natural phenomena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that

9、 demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used, CD-ROMS of numerous other subjects have been recently published; all of them can be viewed on

10、 TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks enhancing the effectiveness of communication.This multitude of new products and capabilities has been made possible by the tremendous progress of microprocessor technology.

11、 Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes have been transferred to personal computers connected to communicati

12、ons networks. Although the mainframe continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the function of mainframes as powerful processors of database systems in

13、becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout

14、the world, more than 100,000,000 personal computers and 500,000 workstations are in use whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers fall somewhere between those of supercomputers and workstations. Because of such high-volume production, m

15、icroprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well.1.Multimedia computers（ ） .2.The underlined word “annotated” in the second paragraph most probably means（ ）3.According to this passage4.Which of the followin

16、g is a proper title for this passage?问题1选项A.can process anything but digital dataB.can even process television imagesC.are rarely used in educationD.has few business applications问题2选项A.explainB.forwardedC.preparedD.presented问题3选项A.the market for multimedia computers has become saturatedB.most mainfr

17、ames have been transformed into personal computersC.most personal computers have become much more powerful than mainframesD.the now costs of microprocessors have been achieved thanks to the high-volume production问题4选项A.Multimedia ComputersB.Microprocessor TechnologyC.Computer NetworksD.Changing Role

18、 of Computers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.文章第一段television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot提到电视画面能够通过计算机程序处理，所以选项B符合题意。2.题干中的单词出现在句子In business applications, documents can be

19、annotated with voice or video中，意思是“在商务英语中，文件通常能用视频或者音频作为注释”。选项A “解释”符合题意。3.文章最后一段In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced 提到大量生产降低了微处理器的成本，选项D与之相符，符合题意。4.文章讲述的是多媒体电脑给计算机市场带来了各种各样的变化，以及这类

20、电脑在消费类产品和商业需求中的应用，选项A符合题意。6. 单选题A most （ ）argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in问题1选项A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial “不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate “微妙的，精美的”；minor “次要的，较小的”；miniature “微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面

21、包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Last year, these ships transported a total of 80 million tons of cargo, a 4.4 percent increase （ ）to previous year.问题1选项A.byB.overC.withD.to【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：去年，这些船总共运输了八千万吨货物，比去年增长了4.4%。over “在上”，符合题意。8. 单选题Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”一 physica

22、l objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in

23、it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kind

24、s of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern in

25、fluence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print， but research shows mu

26、tual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-rea

27、ching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many

28、 traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, peoples aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.One mo

29、re important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution”, a twentieth

30、century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.1.Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because （ ）.2.It can be learned

31、from this passage that （ ）.3.According to the author, music notation is important because（ ）4.It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into theworld of music （ ）5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it helps produce new cul

32、tural tools and technologyB.it can reflect the development of the nationC.it helps understand the nations past and presentD.it can demonstrate the nations civilization问题2选项A.the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB.Near Eastern music had an influe

33、nce on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestraC.the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD.the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music问题3选项A.it has a great effect on the music-c

34、ulture as more and more people are able to read itB.it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musiciansC.it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD.it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs问题4选项A.has brought about an information revolutionB.has speeded

35、up the arrival of a new generation of computesC.has given rise to new forms of music cultureD.has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments问题5选项A.Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B.Music cannot be passed on to future gen

36、eration unless it is recorded.C.Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D.The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history

37、 and way of life提到研究文化相关的工具和技术是为了了解一个国家的历史和生活方式，所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第一段最后一句we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra 提到了交响乐团的发展，交响乐是由近东传播到欧洲的，选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段Besides, the ability to read music notation

38、 has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole提及阅读乐谱对音乐家产生了深远的影响，并且对音乐文化也有很大的影响，选项A的描述与之相近，因此符合题意。4.文章最后一段the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing

39、computers and other developments 提到了电子媒体的内容，由此可知就像工业文明导致社会结构变化一样，这些电子媒体会导致一些新的音乐形式出现，选项C符合题意。5.文章主要提到了音乐的物质文明，比如乐器、乐谱等来讲述音乐文明的发展历程，提到音乐文明的发展离不开物质文明的发展，选项D符合题意。9. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigati

40、onC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；examination “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题She remains confident and（ ） untroubled by our present problems.问题1选项A.indefinitelyB.optimisticallyC.infinitelyD.seemingly【答案】B【解析】考查

41、副词词义辨析。indefinitely “不确定地”；optimistically “乐观地”；infinitely “无限地”；seemingly “看来似乎”。句意：她仍然对我们现在遇到的问题保持自信乐观的态度。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉

42、思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题The present universal fear has been the result of a forward surge in our knowledge and （ ） of certain dangerous factors in the physical world.问题1选项A.automationB.perceptionC.manipulationD.administration【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。 automation “自动化”；perce

43、ption “感觉，看法”；manipulation “操作”；administration “管理”。句意：如今的全球恐慌是我们对物理世界中特定危险因素的突破性了解和认知的结果。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题These instruments, which break up structures only to examine them more fully, demonstrate how details can be（ ） and separated from the whole.问题1选项A.amplifiedB.magnifiedC.exemplifiedD.signified【答案

44、】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。amplify “扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大； magnify “放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify “示例”；signify “表示，意指”。句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整体中区分开来。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题 ） ofthe delivery port and shipping is available atany time.问题1选项A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。garage “车库”；ca

45、binet “橱柜”；capsule “胶囊”；warehouse “仓库”。句意：完成的产品都储藏在一个交货港的仓库里，随时都可以交货。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题It may be worthwhile at this moment to （ ）and see what progress we have made after one years study in college.问题1选项A.look intoB.look aroundC.look overD.look back【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Look into “调查，研究”；look around “环顾”；lo

46、ok over “查看”；look back “回顾”。句意：现在回顾一下我们在大学的一年学习中所取得的进步是值得的。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Some people （ ）avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.问题1选项A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。violently “猛烈地”；enthusiastically “热心地”；sincerely “诚挚地”；deliberately “故

47、意地”。句意：有些人有意回避对错的问题，或对此保持中立。选项D符合题意。17. 翻译题中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不 足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为 后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以去贴近先进的

48、科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作 了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和现今的科技成 果。【答案】The first generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which demonstrate the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms through fossils and specimens. The second ones are mu

49、seums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements generated in the industrial age. These two kinds of museums, though disseminate the knowledge, regard their visitors as passive viewers.The third generation museums are filled with new concepts. Here, visitors can operate by themselves, which en

50、ables them to understand advanced technologies better and help them probe into the wonders of science and technology.18. 单选题The Prime Minister refused to （ ）on the rumor that he had planned to resign.问题1选项A.explainB.commentC.remarkD.talk【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。explain “说明，解释”；comment “评论”；remark “评论”； tal

51、k “谈话”。句意：首相拒绝就关于他计划辞职的传言发表看法。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供应)is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of j

52、oy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The

53、 recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and hom

54、e production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food avai

55、lable, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now gr

56、ain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation has seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they

57、 are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion progra

58、m is not working very well.1.Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation in Britain?”2.The main reason for the rise in food prices is that（ ） .3. Why didnt the governments expansion program work very well?4.The decrease in world food price was a result of （ ）.5.What d

59、id the future look like for Britains food production at the time this article was written?问题1选项A.The abundant food supply is not expected to last.B.Britain is importing less food.C.Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.D.Britain will cut back on its production of food.问题2选项A.people are buyi

60、ng less foodB.the government is providing less financial support for agricultureC.domestic food production has decreasedD.imported food is driving prices higher问题3选项A.Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteedB.Because the farmers were uncertain about th

61、e benefits of expanding production.C.Because the farmers were uncertain about whether foreign markets could be found for their produceD.Because the older generation of farmer were strongly against the programmer.问题4选项A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumers.B.a sharp fall in the cost

62、of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries问题5选项A.The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B.An expansion of food production was at hand.C.British food producers would receive more government financial support.D.It looks depressing despite government guarantees.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? 提到人们对于