2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第88期

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1、2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to （ ） healthy.问题1选项A.preserveB.stayC.maintainD.reserve【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。preserve “保护，保存”；stay “保持”，可作系动词后接形容词作表语；maintain “维持”；reserve “预订，储备”。句意：专家说散步是保持健康的最好方法之一。因此选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The editor-in-chief begs

2、（ ）tomorrows meeting.问题1选项A.to be excused to attendB.to be excused to attendingC.to excuse to attendD.to excuse from attending【答案】A【解析】为了参加明天的会议，主编请求准予离开。固定搭配题。excuse sb. from sth.为固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根据句意是同意，所以排除因此排除C项和D项。“to attend tomorrows meeting”为不定式短语作目的状语，因此答案选A。3. 单选题As we can no longer wa

3、it for the delivery of our order, we have to （ ）it.问题1选项A.postponeB.refuseC.delayD.cancel【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项postpone “延迟，延期”；B选项refuse “拒绝，回绝”；C选项delay “延 期，推迟”；D选项cancel取消，撤销，终止”。as引导的原因状语从句，句意是因为不能再等订货的送达，我们不得不取消订单。所以D选项正确。4. 单选题The role of the party system in American politics has always been （

4、）.问题1选项A.a unity instead of dividingB.unifying instead of a divisionC.not to divide but to uniteD.not dividing but a union【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定句型 notbut “不是而是.”，可排除A和B选项。且前后结构需要保持一致，句意：政党制度在美国政治中所起的作用一直是团结而不是分裂。因此选项C符合题意。5. 问答题The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully, (consideration

5、)【答案】The manager has asked me to take this proposal into consideration carefully.6. 单选题But for his poverty, he（）more students living in the poverty stricken areas to go to universities.问题1选项A.has assistedB.would have assistedC.assistD.will assist【答案】B【解析】句意：假如不是因为贫穷，他会资助更多贫困地区的孩子上大学。本题应用虚拟语气，是对过去发生的

6、事情的肯定推测，故B选项正确。7. 单选题To read a new book, you simply need good light, time and the right frame of mind. But to read a new software package, you need a thousand pounds worth of hardware, considerable computer knowledge, plenty of time and, most important of all, endless determination.Generally speakin

7、g, all books are very much alike, and the experienced reader has no difficulty coping with an unfamiliar book. But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exac

8、tly what it is like when you use a new software package.You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. Learning to use a new piece of software is like trying to ride a trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action. It looks easier th

9、an it really is. This is partly because you must first unlearn what youve learnt on the last package; no two packages use the control characters on the keyboard in quite the same way. How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered!Since you cant rely on

10、 your precious experience, the only way to understand your new software package is to rely on the manual. Some software manuals are written with the beginner in mind and have explicit instruction with well-designed exercises that lead you gently on from stage to stage. But most assume that you are a

11、lready an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. All require a full set of fingers and thumbs to mark pages while hunting out information. Yes, perhaps the information is in the manual, but where?1.When learning to use a new software package you may probably f

12、eel （ ）.2.The author mentions the trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action, in order to show （ ）.3.How could a software package become easier to users according to the author?4. What is the most common problem in software manuals according to the passage?5.The word “explicit” und

13、erlined in paragraph 4 probably means “ （ ）”.问题1选项A.frustratedB.encouragedC.engrossedD.dismayed问题2选项A.how difficult it is to learn to ride a bicycleB.it is impossible to learn to ride this bicycleC.how difficult it is to learn a new software packageD.to leam to ride a bicycle is the same thing as to

14、 leam a new software package问题3选项A.All software packages are made by the same software company.B.The users are familiar with all kinds of software packages.C.There are some standards to which all software writers adhere.D.There is a committee which examines all software packages.问题4选项A.They have com

15、plicated explanations which are quite beyond your understanding.B.They are printed in very small characters.C.Their instructions and explanations are too simple.D.They are written with the beginner in mind.问题5选项A.confusingB.clearC.complicatedD.involved【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问当你学

16、习使用一个新的软件包时，你可能会觉得。根据文章第二段中第二句 “But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package. 但是想象一下，如果你必须在思想上做出调整，如

17、果你每次阅读不同出版商的书时都必须以不同的方式阅读，这将是多么令人沮丧的一件事，而这正是你使用新软件包时的情况。”确定A选项懊恼的，沮丧的正确。2.推理判断题。题干询问作者提到的自行车车把的反作用，是为了显示。骑特技自行车的例子在文章第三段。第一句是该段的中心句，然后骑特技自行车的例子是为了论证这一句，所以答案在中心句找。“You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. 你可以在一分钟内读完一本好书，但让新软件运行起来需要很长时间。”确定C选项学

18、习一个新的软件包有多难。3.细节事实题。题干询问根据作者的观点，软件包如何变得对用户更容易?。根据文章第三段中的最后一句 “How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered! 如果有一些所有软件作者都遵循的标准，那该多容易啊!”确定C选项所有软件作者都遵循一些标准。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，软件手册中最常见的问题是什么?。根据文章最后一段中的第三句“But most assume that you are already an expert, a

19、nd have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. 但是大多数人都认为你已经是专家了，并且有复杂的解释，这些解释只会让你困惑和恼怒。”确定A选项他们的解释很复杂，你根本无法理解正确。5.词汇题。题干询问第4段下划线的“explicit”一词可能是指。“explicit”出现在文章最后一段的第二句话中。该句中与“have explicit instruction”并列的是“with the beginner in mind站在初学者的角度”，而后文中是用but表示相反意思的 “But most assume

20、that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations但是大部分的使用手册都认为你是该领域的专业人员，手册中的解释都非常复杂”，所以该词是与complicated词义相反，B选项清楚的正确。8. 单选题A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is als

21、o frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long

22、 period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of t

23、he outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on t

24、he part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary tr

25、aveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. Such observatio

26、ns reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society,

27、in America a complex set of cultural signals assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw

28、 wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual intere

29、st. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1.The word “observation” in the first paragraph most probably means （ ）.2.People in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would（ ）.3.Nowadays the tradi

30、tion of friendliness to strangers（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that（ ）.问题1选项A.attention.B.watchfulness.C.survey.D.opinion.问题2选项A.bring good news from outside world.B.help locals solve their problems.C.bring a c

31、hange to the life in the settlements.D.requires a different definition.问题3选项A.is still prevailing.B.can rarely be seenC.is wading fastD.requires a different definition问题4选项A.People are still fond of traveling to remote places.B.Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.C.There is no c

32、haritable organization in small cities.D.Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding Americans friendliness.问题5选项A.the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its cultureB.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsC.culture exercises a gr

33、eat influence on social interrelationshipsD.courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.词义题。根据第一段的内容可知，“observation”指的是上文所提及的认为大多数美国人和加拿大人友好，礼貌和乐于助人的观点。所以选项D正确。2.推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，边境地区人们的生活通常是单调乏味的，所以他们喜欢招待旅行者或陌生人，因为这些陌生人和旅行者不仅带来了消遣，还带来了外部世界

34、的消息。也就是说，给他们的生活带来了些许改变，所以选项C正确。选项A表述太片面；选项B和D在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。根据第四段第二句“Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US.”招待陌生人的古老传统在美国仍然非常盛行。选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood pro

35、perly.”到美国旅游的人持有这样的观点并不罕见，但并不总是能够正确的理解。也就是说，到美国来旅游的游客很难理解美国人的友好。选项D与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，第一句为本段的主旨句“As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.”正如任何发达社会一样，在美国，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了所有社

36、会关系的基础。也就是说，文化对社会关系有很大的影响。选项C符合原文。9. 单选题Are undergraduate grades important? Everyone knows that high marks earned at different schools or under different instructors can indicate very different levels of achievement. One professor may be a hard grader, while another is very generous or one who takes

37、 the whole business as a bit of joke. Some schools have nigh standards, whereas others are groups of intellectual people. And at all universities, there is a constant tendency towards grade inflation （the granting of ever more high marks）. That is fought vigorously at some institutions and allowed t

38、o go unchecked for long periods at others.Another point raised against grades is how poorly they predict how much graduates will be earning 15 or 20 years after getting their degrees. As many studies have shown, there is only a very poor correlation between undergraduates grades and subsequent wealt

39、h. People who get good marks tend to go into the professions, not all of which are highly remunerative（有利的）.The correlation between undergraduate grades and success in business, the most common road to wealth, is virtually nothing. Many mediocre（平庸）students become successful businessman, while some

40、brilliant and capable graduates （creative youngsters, not students with special skills in passing exams） take up relatively low-paying but interesting or satisfying careers. The general population, examining this question through a statistical lens, sees one thing very clearly that good grades dont

41、translate in any direct way into big bucks, and for better or for worse, the gauge（标尺） of “success” for countless Americans is the acquisition of wealth.The result is a certain modesty about good grades in America among those who get them. A students parents may brag about his marks, but seldom will

42、 the student himself risk being branded a “grade-grubber” by drawing too much attention to his academic success. High marks are not something to be advertised to the world except on resumes, and anybody who boasts about them is likely to be viewed with contempt, not least by intelligent people.1.Whi

43、ch of the following is true about undergraduate grades?2.According to the passage, what is the relationship between grades and business performance?3.Which of the following best describes the American attitude towards good grades?4.The phrase “grade-grubber”, underlined in paragraph 3 probably means

44、 （ ）.5.What might be the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.Different grades in schools indicate different levels of achievement.B.Professors are giving increasingly high marks.C.Professors sometimes give grades without checking students work.D.Professors are likely to give high grades if they are h

45、umorous.问题2选项A.Good grades normally lead to business success.B.There is a direct link between grades and business success.C.Good grades dont necessarily mean business success.D.Poor grades often mean business success.问题3选项A.The students with good grades will share his happiness with everybody he kno

46、ws.B.Good grades are something attached to great importance.C.Not much importance is attached to good grades.D.Students will risk everything to get good grades.问题4选项A.a student who like to take risksB.a student who is excellent in academic studyC.a student who is obsessed by getting good gradesD.a s

47、tudent who brags about his good grades问题5选项A.Are Grades So Important?B.How to Get Good Grades.C.Different Attitudes towards Grades.D.Grades and Business Success【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问关于本科成绩，下列哪个选项是正确的?。根据文章第一段中第三句“One professor may be a hard grader, while another is very genero

48、us or one who takes the whole business as a bit of joke. 一位教授可能是一个严格的评分者，而另一位教授可能是一个非常慷慨的人，或者是一个把整件事当作玩笑的人。”确定C选项教授有时不检查学生的作业就给他们打分。正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，成绩和企业绩效之间的关系是什么?。根据文章第二段中第四句“ The correlation between undergraduate grades and success in business, the most common road to wealth, is virtually n

49、othing. 大学本科成绩与商业成功(最常见的致富之路)之间的相关性几乎为零。”确定C选项好的成绩并不一定意味着商业上的成功。正确。3.推理判断题。题干询问下列哪一项最能描述美国人对待好成绩的态度?。根据文章最后一段中第一句 “The result is a certain modesty about good grades in America among those who get them. 结果是，在美国取得好成绩的人对自己的成绩多少有些谦虚。”确定C选项好成绩不太重要。正确。4.词汇题。题干询问第3段下划线的grade-grubber”一词可能是指。根据文章最后一段的第二句A st

50、udents parents may brag about his marks, but seldom will the student himself risk being branded a “grade-grubber” by drawing too much attention to his academic success. 学生的父母可能会吹嘘他的成绩，但很少会因为过分关注他的学业成绩而给自己贴上“grade-grubber”的标签。这句话中的方式状语 “by drawing too much attention to his academic success 通过高度重视自己的学

51、术成就”就是该词的解释，所以C选项一个痴迷于取得好成绩的学生正确。5.主旨大意题。题干询问这篇文章最好的题目是什么?。在文章开头作者提出问题“Are undergraduate grades important?，之后从多个方面论证了大学成绩并不是那么重要，高分不能代表财富和成功。所以用这一句话作为标题很恰当合适，A选项正确。10. 单选题These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you （ ）you need.问题1选项A.all the informationB.all the informationsC.all o

52、f informationD.all of the informations【答案】A【解析】语法（不可数名词和冠词）题。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除B选项和D选项。all of后面接的名词前一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰限定，且of可以省略，排除C选项，所以A选项正确。11. 单选题Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested （ ）at the next town.问题1选项A.to stopB.stoppingC.stopD.having stopped【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。suggest doin

53、g sth.为固定用法，表示“建议做某事”，B选项正确。12. 单选题The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-odd years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true mean

54、ing of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossibleto imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great

55、 adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only

56、the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned

57、. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as w

58、ell, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is l

59、ife.1.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of （ ）.2.To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is （ ）.3.Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to （ ）.4.In the book Walden all of the following can be found except （ ）.5.Thoreaus attitude toward soc

60、iety can best be characterized as one of （ ）.问题1选项A.learning how to live quietlyB.writing a book on philosophyC.discovering what humans can learn from natureD.working out the best adjustment to material life .问题2选项A.to live a very simple lifeB.to become self-sufficientC.to live in the countryD.to re

61、form the society问题3选项A.have a better understanding of what life meansB.live harmoniously with natureC.to save as much as one possibly canD.to live a life that one is content with问题4选项A.the nature of economyB.the meaning of freedomC.the criticism of societyD.Ruskins philosophy问题5选项A.acceptanceB.avoid

62、anceC.indifferenceD.individualism【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Walden Pond”定位到文中“. he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach.”他满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，开始生活的崇高事业，直面生活的基本事实，看看生活能教给

63、他什么。也就是去发现人类可以从大自然中学到什么。选项C符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据关键信息“the problem of economics”定位到文中“As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator.”随着他对经济学问题的理解，有三种可能的解决方案摆在他面前：利用自己，利用同伴，或者让问题回归