2022年考博英语-中国社会科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第167期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国社会科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.问题1选项A.collaborationB.worthC.triumphD.defect【答案】B【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选

2、项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。2. 单选题I think of the PhD a little like the Grand Tour, a tradition in the 16th and 17th centuries Awhere youths would travel around Europe, getting a rich exposure to Bhigh society in France, Italy, and Germany, Clearn

3、about art, architecture, language, literature, fencing, riding all of the essential liberal arts that a gentleman was expected to have experience Dwith to be an influential member of society.问题1选项A.whereB.high societyC.learn aboutD.with to【答案】C【解析】考查并列结构。C选项的learn about是getting a rich exposure 的并列成分

4、，形式应保持一致。3. 单选题Wittingly or unwittingly, our courts are creating what the Reverend Richard John Neuhaus calls a “naked public square”, a secular community devoid of any religious commitments.问题1选项A.deprived ofB.divested ofC.lacking inD.exempt from【答案】C【解析】句意：无论是有意还是无意，我们正在创建理查德约翰纽豪斯牧师所说的“赤裸的公共广场”，一个

5、任何宗教信仰的世俗社区。A选项deprived of“被剥夺的；严重匮乏的”；B选项divested of“剥夺”；C选项lacking in“缺乏”；D选项exempt from“豁免；免除”。“赤裸的公共广场”意味着没有任何宗教信仰的束缚，因此C选项“缺乏”符合题意。4. 单选题Meeting is, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological side show. Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating, if not preventing,

6、change.问题1选项A.promotingB.impedingC.temperingD.arresting【答案】C【解析】划线词后紧跟着一个条件句，说明moderate这个动作可能会有两个倾向，一个是prevent“防止，预防”，另一个就是change“改变”。A选项promote“促进；推销”；B选项impede“阻碍，妨碍”；C选项temper“调和，使缓和”；D选项arrest“逮捕，阻止”。结合句意判断，C选项更合适。5. 单选题Unlike the libertarians, he does not believe the state is a second-order phe

7、nomenon, a mere enabler or protector of what people choose to do in civil society or, alternatively, a saboteur of their freedoms.问题1选项A.attributorB.distracterC.destroyerD.precursor【答案】C【解析】与自由主义者不同，他不认为国家是一种二阶现象，仅仅是公民社会中人们选择做什么的推动者或保护者，或者是他们自由的破坏者。由“or,alternatively”可知前后是截然相反的两种角色，前者是enabler和protec

8、tor，则saboteur与之是相对立的。A选项attributor“属性；特质”；B选项distracter“误选项；干扰项”；C选项destroyer“破坏者”；D选项precursor“先驱，前导”。比较选项可知C选项符合题意。6. 单选题Plato suggested memory was analogous Ato the impression of messages on wax Bwriting tablets. For Plato, writing on the tablet represented learning something new. The tablet itse

9、lf was the memory store, and reading the tablets later was analogous to Ctry to recall the stored information. Unfortunately, Platos analogy misses an important characteristic of memory, Dnamely that it is selective.问题1选项A.toB.writingC.try to recallD.namely【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。C选项前的be analogous to“类似于

10、”，后面的to是介词，后面应接名词、动名词或者代词，应将try改为trying。7. 单选题Despite all the refinements of subtlety and the dogmatism of learning, it is by the common sense and compassion of readers that are uncorrupted by the prejudices of some opinionated scholars（ ）the characters and situations in medieval and Elizabethan lit

11、erature, as in any other literature, can best be judged.问题1选项A.thatB.whichC.whatD.【答案】A【解析】考查强调句。空格前的that are uncorrupted by the prejudices of some opinionated scholars 作为定语从句修饰先行词the common sense and compassion of readers。空格后面the characters and situations in medieval and Elizabethan literature 是主语，

12、can best be judged是谓语部分，因此 it is后面的by the common sense and compassion of readers是强调部分。由于被强调部分是物，因此用that引导剩余部分。8. 单选题The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club a bigger（ ） and to counter centrifugal forces

13、 that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.问题1选项A.sayB.transmissionC.decayD.contention【答案】A【解析】空格前是冠词+形容词比较级，可知本题考查名词辨析。A选项say“发言权”；B选项transmission“传递；播送”；C选项decay“衰退”；D选项contention“争论；论点”。句意：由托尼布莱尔执行的威斯敏斯特立法权的部分转让是为了赋予俱乐部其他成员更大的，并且对抗那些威胁到欧盟观点的离心力。因此A选项符合题意。9. 单选题He doesnt know much about p

14、olitics,but hes always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an（ ）.问题1选项A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。他多少是个。C选项符合题意。10. 写作题Write a 100120-

15、word summary of the article in question 5.【答案】Culture is a study of perfection and has its origin in the love of perfection. It moves by the force of scientific passion for pure knowledge and the moral and social passion for doing good. The spirit of the human race finds its ideal by making endless

16、additions to itself, the endless growth in wisdom and beauty. Culture is an indispensable aid to reach this ideal and that is the true value of culture. The whole civilization in our modern world is mechanical and external, and tends constantly to become more so. Culture plays a significant role bec

17、ause here that mechanical character, which civilization tends to take everywhere, is shown in the most eminent degree. Culture has one great passion for sweetness and light, and the men of culture are the true apostles of equality.11. 单选题Inductive reasoning involves making useful generalization abou

18、t the environment Aas a whole, based on a necessarily limited number of observations. BAs so, it is an important tool that people Cuse to build the models of reality they need to function effectively. DWhile conclusions can be wrong if observations are faulty or are drawn from an unrepresentative sa

19、mple, if properly used, it can be incredibly powerful.问题1选项A.as a wholeB.As soC.use toD.While【答案】B【解析】考查逻辑关系。B选项错误，在前后逻辑中，没有as so这一说法，去掉as保留so，形成因果关系。12. 单选题Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words as well as agreed conventions（ ） these words should be arranged to conve

20、y a particular message.问题1选项A.as the way by whichB.by the way in whichC.as to the way in whichD.in the way of which【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们每个人都与我们所生活的社会分享着大量的词汇以及约定的惯例，这些词汇排列组合起来后可以表达特定意义。后半句是对前半句中约定的惯例进一步解释，因此只有C选项“至于这种惯例（方式）”可将前后衔接起来。13. 单选题The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors

21、, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children.问题1选项A.infuseB.disseminateC.extractD.demonstrate【答案】C【解析】划线词的宾语是the essence of those values for school children，从那些价值观中本

22、质。A选项infuse“灌输；浸渍”；B选项disseminate“宣传；散步”；C选项extract“提取；提炼”；D选项demonstrate“证明；展示”。联系句意可知“从那些价值观中提取本质”逻辑通顺，因此C选项符合题意。14. 单选题About one and a half million years ago the climate of the world became much colder. This led to the caps of ice around the North and South APoles spreading to cover Bmuch North A

23、merica and Northern Europe. Such periods of cold climate are called ice ages. The woolly mammoth lived in northern parts of the world Cbetween 300, 000 and 100,000 years ago. It was a favourite prey of Stone Age hunters, Dwho used its coat for clothes, and the meat as food.问题1选项A.PolesB.muchC.betwee

24、nD.who【答案】B【解析】考查形容词用法。B选项much不能直接修饰地名，应改为much of。15. 单选题We complain of the darkness in which we live out our lives: we do not understand the nature of existence in general; we especially do not know the relation of our own self to the rest of existence. Not only is our life short, our knowledge is

25、limited entirely to it, since we can see（ ）back before our birth （ ）out beyond our death, so that our consciousness is as it were a lightning-flash momentarily illuminating the night: it truly seems as though a demon had maliciously shut off all further knowledge from us so as to enjoy our discomfit

26、ure.问题1选项A.either.orB.neither.norC.bothandD.not onlybut also【答案】B【解析】考查并列连词。空格处句意：我们的知识局限于此，“ 出生之前， 我们死亡之后。”我们对于生前死后的知识应为否定状态。四个选项中只有B选项表示否定。16. 单选题Any observer will agree that not all that Asurrounds non-remunerated donation Bis completely altruistic and that sometimes too much use Cis made in some

27、 countries of forms of compensation of gratification that Dis not monetary but nevertheless have value.问题1选项A.surroundsB.isC.is madeD.is【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。D 选项处is的主语是forms of compensation of gratification，为复数形式，因此谓语动词也要保持一致，应把此处is改为are。17. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into good English.1.这些新设立的

28、企业带动了上千万人就业，而且成长性强，是中国经济增长新的支撑力量。我们不仅降低市场准入门槛，采取“雪中送炭”的政策支持这些新设企业，还加强事中事后监管、创造公平竞争的市场环境，织密社会保障安全网、让创业创新者无后顾之忧，培植企业健康成长的沃土。2.中国是医疗卫生领域国际合作的倡导者、推动者和践行者，始终致力于实现国际人口与发展大会行动纲领，全面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程特别是健康领域可持续发展目标，积极开展对外医疗援助和全球应急处置，认真履行健康领域国际公约，勇于承担国际人道主义责任。3.贫困的广泛存在严重妨碍人权的充分实现和享有。减缓和消除贫困，是人权保障的重要内容。多年来，中国政府

29、坚持消除贫困、改善民生、逐步实现共同富裕，持续开展以农村扶贫开发为中心的减贫行动，努力实现脱贫致富。【答案】1. These new business have generated more than 10 million jobs, and have become a new pillar of Chinas economic growth thanks to their strong growth prospect. We have not only lowered the threshold of market access by offering much-needed policy

30、support to these newly-established businesses, but also enhanced on-going and ex-post oversight, created a market environment featuring fair competition, and improved the social security network, so that those involved in entrepreneurship and innovation will have no additional worries and will grow

31、healthily on the land we have fostered for them.2. China advocates, promotes and carries out international medical and health cooperation. It is firmly committed to realizing the Program of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, and implementing the United Nations 2030

32、 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially sustainable development goals relating to health. China actively provides medical aid to other countries, and promptly conducts global emergency responses. It earnestly implements international health conventions and shoulders its international humanit

33、arian responsibilities.3. Poverty is so widespread that it has seriously hindered the fulfilment and enjoyment of human rights; reducing and eliminating poverty is therefore a major element of human rights protection. Over the recent decades, the Chinese government has preserved in its attempt to el

34、iminate poverty, improve peoples well-being, and gradually realize common prosperity. It has made continuous development-oriented poverty-reduction efforts in rural areas to help those who are striving to escape from poverty and improve the quality of their lives.18. 单选题In 1910 over 600,000 Black wo

35、rkers, or ten percent of the Black workforce reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits”, the federal census category roughly（ ） the entire industrial sector.问题1选项A.motivatingB.encompassingC.enticingD.undercutting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“激励；刺激”；B选项encompass“包含；包围”

36、；C选项entice“怂恿；诱使”；D选项undercut“削（价）竞争；削弱”。句意：1910年，超过60万的黑人工人，或者说10%的黑人工人报告说他们从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这一联邦人口普查类别大致整个工业部门。综合句意与选项可知B选项符合题意。19. 单选题Any （ ）future religion must take seriously the implications for religion of the remarkable discoveries of the modern natural and human sciences.问题1选项A.reflexiveB.viab

37、leC.familialD.secular【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项reflexive“反身的；反射性的”；B选项viable“可行的；能养活的”；C选项familial“家族的；家庭的；遗传的”；D选项secular“世俗的；长期的；不朽的”句意：任何的未来的宗教都要重视现代自然和人文科学的重大发现对它的影响。由句意可知句中应表示“长久存在的宗教”，因此D选项符合题意。20. 单选题AAlthough pearls maybe formed by any shelled mollusk, the most valuable pearls are obtained from Bt

38、he oysters. Except for Cimitation pearls, which are entirely man-made, all pearls are formed a secretion around an irritating body that enters the soft tissue of a mollusk. DIf the irritating body enters the mollusk by accident, a natural pearl forms.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.the oystersC.imitation pearlsD.If the irritating body【答案】B【解析】考查冠词用法。B 选项处oysters是复数形式，表示泛指，前面不应加定冠词the。