2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷8

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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题But aging does not have to take a toll once it did on her face and body. There are now many solutions available to aid women in their quest for their long lasting health and beauty.问题1选项A.take overB.compose ofC.slow downD.have a negative effect【答案】D【解析】考查词组。

2、A选项 take over “接管；接收”；B选项 compose of “由组成”；C选项 slow down “减速，放慢速度；使慢下来”；D选项 have a negative effect “产生负面影响”。句意：不过，一旦衰老对她的脸和身体造成了影响，就不必为此付出代价。现在有很多方法可以帮助女性追求持久的健康和美丽。结合此处关键词 take a toll “产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响”，得知D选项正确。2. 翻译题Despite the choking smog, Beijing is still the number one choice for graduate

3、 job seekers based on its “soft environment”, according to a report published last Tuesday. The Chinese capital is the preferred choice for finding work owing to its social environment, economic development, infrastructure, consumption habits and internationalized atmosphere. Although metropolises a

4、re still top choices for graduates to work in, the past three years have seen more university and college graduates work in prefecture-level cities, or even smaller cities.【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示，尽管烟雾弥漫，但基于“软环境”，北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围，中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选，但在过去的三年里，越来越多的大学毕业生

5、到地级市，甚至更小的城市工作。3. 单选题In many countries now, smoking is not _ in public places.问题1选项A.permissiveB.permutableC.perniciousD.permissible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项 permutable “可排列的；能交换的”； C选项 pernicious“ 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项 permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项pe

6、rmissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。4. 翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。【答案】By means of data consulting, field research,

7、data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient trees suitable for this area, established the grading basis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees health, and based on the criteria, diagnosed the health statu

8、s of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in central Yunnan. The results showed that the health status of ancient trees was mostly good and average, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated with the growth strength of ancient tre

9、es, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, and the application effect was good. In addition, the reasons that affect the health status of ancient trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward.5. 单选题He was accused of being a _ because he made promises which aro

10、used futile hopes in his listeners.问题1选项A.spokesmanB.demagogueC.representativeD.politician【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项 demagogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项 representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician “政治家”。句意：他被指控为一名，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。由aroused futile hopes in his listeners（在他的听众中激起了无用的希望）可

11、知B选项与其意思对应正确，结合此处语境，B选项正确。6. 单选题There are many who believe that the use of force _ political ends can never be justified.问题1选项A.in search ofB.in pursuit ofC.in view ofD.in light of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项 in search of “寻找”；B选项 in pursuit of “追求”；C选项 in view of “鉴于，由于”；D选项 in light of “根据”。句意：有许多人认为，为追求政治

12、目的而使用武力永远是不正当的。根据句意可知B选项正确。7. 单选题I am sure that disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas.问题1选项A.eliminateB.transmitC.replaceD.isolate【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 eliminate “消除；排除”；B选项 transmit “传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；C选项 replace “取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把放回原处”；D选项 isolate “（使）隔离，孤立；将剔出；（某物质、细胞等）分离；区别

13、看待（观点、问题等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定会在这样不卫生、拥挤的地方传播。结合此处关键词 propagate “传播；传送；繁殖；宣传”，得知B选项正确。8. 翻译题Mother languages, along with linguistic diversity, matter for the identity of individuals. As sources of creativity and vehicles for cultural expression, they are also important for the health of societies. Not least

14、, languages are factors for development and growth. We know how important education in the mother language is for learning outcomes. Mother language instruction is a powerful way to fight discrimination and reach out to marginalized population. As wellsprings of knowledge, languages are also startin

15、g points for greater sustainability in development, for managing more harmoniously our relationship with the environment and change.【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。9. 单选题Alrea

16、dy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there had been a powerful alignment between rural cultural ethics and church teaching.问题1选项A.allianceB.agreementC.conflictD.contradiction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 alliance “联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项 agreement “协议；同意，一致”；C选项 conflict “冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项 contradiction “矛盾；

17、否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词 alignment “结盟”，得知A为正确答案。10. 单选题Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representati

18、ves, the total failure of the opening meeting of the so-called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth,

19、prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sou

20、nds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in d

21、isgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest.

22、Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an enD.But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not a

23、ctually seen a relay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over you house?No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is poli

24、tical, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and baD.Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we wil

25、l soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.Still, it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation, i. e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any c

26、hance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.1. According to the passage, the failure of the Seattle meeting is chiefly caused by_ .2. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that_ .3. One of the WTOs goals as mentioned in the passage is to_ .4. By saying that “Its an image

27、 that will boggle the mind for years to come.” (the last sentence in Paragraph 3) the author means that_.5. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for_ .问题1选项A.anti-globalist and pro-globalist conflictsB.President Clintons wrong initiativesC.the strong protests from diverse groupsD.th

28、e polices failure to maintain order问题2选项A.different forces contributed to the failure of the Millennium trade roundB.many people bragged of their presence at the Millennium trade roundC.there existed a range of violent debated as to the prospects of the WTOD.only a few members were proud of their me

29、mbership of the WTO问题3选项A.serve as arbiters in international trade disputesB.ensure cheap export and import of goods unnecessarilyC.bring about the globalization of worlds tradesD.encourage free trade and goods exchanges worldwide问题4选项A.the WTO is likely to have a negative image in peoples mind in t

30、he futureB.the WTO will have trouble changing peoples way of thinking in the futureC.the startling scene will probably linger in peoples mind the years to comeD.people will lose whatever confidence they hold in the future of the WTO问题5选项A.his failing to match his words with his actionsB.his handling

31、 the matter in a wrong perspectiveC.his lacking historical knowledge about the WTOD.his overemphasizing the economic role of the WTO【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Seattle meeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the

32、meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.” 中文翻译为：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。可以得知B选项“克林顿总统的错误举措”正确。2.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻译为：谁说胜利有许多父亲，失败是一个孤儿，肯定没有听说过世界贸易组织(WTO)。以不幸的多边贸易组织及其长期受苦受难的代表们为例，所谓的千年贸易回合(Millennium trade round)开幕式的彻底失败，让很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色。好，这就是灿烂的。他们为自己是一场运动的一部分

33、而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。A选项“不同的力量促成了千年贸易谈判的失败”符合题意。B选项“许多人吹嘘他们出席了千年贸易谈判” 不符合题意，故排除。C选项“关于世贸组织的前景存在着一系列激烈的争论”不符合题意，故排除。D选项 “只有几个成员国为他们是世贸组织的成员而感到自豪”不符合题意，文中很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色，故排除。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to

34、 wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.” 中文翻译为：他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。 D选项“鼓励世界范围内的自由贸易和商品交流”符合题意，

35、故选D。A选项“在国际贸易争端中担任仲裁者”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“确保不必要的廉价进出口”不符合题意，故排除。C选项 “带来世界贸易的全球化”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句 “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come. ”中文翻译：这是一个在未来几年里会让人难以置信的画面。A选项“WTO在未来很可能在人们的脑海中有一个负面的形象”与题干句子意思相符，因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。通读题干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully, we will soon be elec

36、ting another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.”中文大意：值得庆幸的是，我们很快将选出另一位总统，而这位总统应该是言行一致的人。根据前文“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.”中文大意：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报

37、告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。前文批判克林顿为 “罪魁祸首”，后文笔者说值得庆幸的是将选出另外一位言行一致的总统。A选项“他言行不一致”最符合题意，因此选A。11. 单选题At home their losses to farming and industry had to be made good, as far as possible, with more foreign workers and prisoners-of-war.问题1选项A.compensatedB.constructed wellC.managed properlyD.terminated【答案】A【解析】考查动

38、词词义辨析。A选项 compensate “补偿”；B选项 construct well “构造得很好”；C选项 manage properly “妥善处理”；D选项 terminate “使终止；使结束；解雇”。句意：在国内，他们在农业和工业上的损失必须尽可能用更多的外国工人和战俘来弥补。结合此处关键词 made good “补偿”，得知A为正确答案。12. 单选题In her novel of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental jou

39、rney. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?”Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions

40、arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurr

41、ed in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded

42、 as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attenD.For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Majo

43、r league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually

44、, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reun

45、ions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,0

46、00 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteer

47、s.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeto

48、n, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficien

49、t reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond for example, because they are relatively small or

50、especially prestigious tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reu

51、nions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumn

52、i events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics.” If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties or even

53、 be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.1. According to the passage, Sparacinos study _.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. cla

54、ss reunions?3. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?4. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is to _.5. What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.provided strong evidence for Jaffes statementB.showed that attendees tended to excel in high school studyC.found that i

55、nterest in reunions was linked with school experienceD.found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success问题2选项A.U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent successB.Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agenciesC.Class reunions have b

56、ecome a profitable businessD.Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities问题3选项A.The variety of activities for class reunionB.The special status their university enjoysC.Shared experience beyond the campusD.Shared undergraduate experience on campus问题4选项A.introduce Rona Jaffes novelB.pres

57、ent the authors counterargumentC.serve as prelude to the authors argumentD.bring into focus contrasting opinions问题5选项A.A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United StatesB.Reasons for popularity and attendance for alumni reunionsC.Alumni reunions and American university traditionsD.Alu

58、mni reunion and its social and economic implications【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Sparacinos study”可以定位到文章第三段中“In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activ

59、ities than those classmates who chose not to attend.”，中文翻译为：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇诺发现，作为高中生，参加者比那些选择不参加的同学更受欢迎，更常被视为有吸引力，更多地参与课外活动。可以得知B选项“表明参与者往往在高中学习中表现优异”正确。2.细节事实题。由A选项“美国的班级聚会通常是炫耀自己最近成功的机会。”可以定位到原文第三段“Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing

60、the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger.”，中文翻译为：当然，也有一些人回来向他们以前的同学展示他们做得多么好；还有一些人喜欢观察他们同学身上发生的变化（当然，他们自己并不总是这样）。但大多数参加班级聚会的人都是

61、为了重温年轻时的美好时光。因此可知A选项错误，符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond for example, because they are relatively small or especi

62、ally prestigious tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions.”，中文翻译为：决定参加校友聚会的校友们都有一个共同的身份，这个身份基于他们在一起度过的大学生时代。出于这个原因，那些以某种方式建立了共同纽带的大学例如，因为它们规模相对较小或特别有声望往往会吸引大量校友参加聚会。可知B选项“他们大学享有的特殊地位”正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“In her novel of Reunion, American Style, Rona Jaffe suggests that a clas

63、s reunion is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I? ” 中文翻译为：在她的小说美国风格的重聚中，罗娜贾菲暗示，一次班级聚会“不仅仅是一次感伤的旅程。这也是一种回答隐藏在我们所有人内心深处的问题的方式。他们比我做得好吗?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost.”，中文翻译为：贾菲的观察也许放错了地方，但并不是完全没有意义。判断出C选项“作为作者论证的前奏。”正确。5.主旨大意题。通读全文判断出答案为A选项“美国校友聚会的历史视角”，D选项“校友聚会及其对社会和经济的影响。”属于文章第四段、第五段内容，B选项“受欢迎和出席校友聚会的原因。”属于文章第二段、第三段的内容，C选项“校友聚会和美国大学传统。”属于文章第六段、第七段、第八段、第九段的内容。13. 单选题The chocolate company maintained stable sales _ and increased pr