2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及模拟押密卷6（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Euthanasia is a practice of mercifully ending a persons life in order to_the person from an incurable disease and intolerable suffering.问题1选项A.liberateB.confineC.releaseD.apprehend【答案】A【解析】liberate解放,解脱; confine限制; release释放; apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安乐死是一种仁慈地结束一个人的生命,

2、从而使病人从不可医治的绝症和无法忍受的痛苦中解脱出来的做法。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only_their trainers.问题1选项A.imitatingB.condoningC.instructingD.acknowledging【答案】A【解析】imitating模仿, 效法; condoning宽恕, 赦免; instructing

3、指导, 教; acknowledging承认, 答谢。句意：一些人类学家声称, 一些猿类已经学会了基本的手语, 但持怀疑态度的人认为, 猿类只是在模仿它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and_for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.incli

4、nation【答案】C【解析】ingredient原料, 要素; reliance信赖, 信心; shelter庇护, 避难所, 遮盖物; inclination倾向, 爱好。句意：知识是我们老年时舒适而必要的退隐之所; 如果我们年轻时不准备, 年老时就得不到它的庇护。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题Which sport has the most expenses_training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms?问题1选项A.in place ofB.by way ofC.in terms ofD.by means of【答

5、案】C【解析】in place of代替; by way of经由; in terms of依据, 按照, 在方面; by means of通过, 依靠。句意：哪项运动在训练器材、运动员个人装备和队服等方面的开销最大?选项C符合句意。5. 单选题I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a_character.问题1选项A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular【答案】B【解析】gracious有礼貌的, 宽厚的; suspicious多疑的, 可疑的; unique独一无二

6、的, 唯一的; particular特别的, 独有的。句意：我从不相信他, 因为我一直认为他是个多疑的人。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题He acknowledged that the_of financial support in the election took long hours of persuasion.问题1选项A.gestationB.enlistmentC.establishmentD.temperance【答案】B【解析】gestation怀孕, 酝酿；enlistment征募, 获得; establishment确立, 制定; temperance节欲, 戒酒。句意：他承

7、认在选举中获得财政支持需要长时间的劝说。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now_much of their food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】deliver投递, 发表; import进口, 输入; produce生产, 创作; develop发展, 开发。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠, 当地人现在必须进口大量食物。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题Identity theft

8、can range for the simple theft of a credit card,or it can go into more complex schemes where the thieves can_hundreds of people at a time.问题1选项A.embodyB.impersonateC.personifyD.assume【答案】B【解析】embody使具体化; impersonate模仿, 扮演; personify赋予.以人性, 使人格化; assume假定, 设想。句意：身份盗窃可以简単地归类于信用卡盗窃，也可以是更复杂的方案，比如窃贼可以一次冒

9、充数百人。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题As welfare reform has_millions of single mothers like Patino into the workforce since 1996, questions about its effects on families have loomed large.问题1选项A.nudgedB.propelledC.divestedD.bumped【答案】B【解析】nudge轻推, 唠叨; propel推进, 驱使; divest剥夺; bump碰撞。句意：自1996年以来, 福利改革推动了数以百万计的像帕蒂诺这样的单身母

10、亲加入到劳动力大军中, 福利改革对家庭影响的问题日益突出。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题At the sight of her husband getting off the train, the woman walked forward and_him and stroked his white hair.问题1选项A.embracedB.clappedC.paddledD.flocked【答案】A【解析】embraced拥抱; clapped拍手喝彩; paddled搅拌; flocked聚集。句意：一看到丈夫下火车, 女人就上前拥抱他, 抚摸他的白发。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题As

11、a person who combines care with_, Marisa completed her duties with_as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity.resignationB.enthusiasm.meticulousnessC.vitality. willingnessD.empathy.rigor【答案】B【解析】levity.resignation轻率 屈从; enthusiasm.meticulousness热情 严谨; vitality.willingness活力 乐意; empathyrigor同情 严厉。句意：Marisa是一个细心与热

12、情相结合的人, 她一丝不苟、兢兢业业地完成了自己的职责。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes into contact with them. Their valuesthis cant be repeated too oftenare not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are necessarily the most important things. The soc

13、ial services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might

14、be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a c

15、ar it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally righ

16、t to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give

17、 them a try on the principle that while theres life, theres hope.When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.1.It is implied in Paragraph one that（ ）.2.S

18、ome social workers think that （ ） .3.In the authors opinion, （ ） .4.The word it in the last paragraph refers to （ ）.5.The author thinks that （ ）.问题1选项A.very old people enjoy living with their relativesB.social services have nothing to do with very old peopleC.very old people would like to live alone

19、 so that they can have more personal freedomD.very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean问题2选项A.health and safety are more important than personal freedomB.personal freedom is more important than health and safetyC.old people should keep their rooms cleanD.one should not take risks of de

20、aling with old people问题3选项A.the human body cant be compared to a carB.the older a person, the more care he needsC.too much emphasis has been put on old peoples valuesD.it is easy to provide spare parts for old people问题4选项A.the conclusion you have come toB.your talk to the old peopleC.whether age is

21、happy or unpleasantD.ones money or ones health问题5选项A.medical decisions for the old people should be left to the doctorsB.old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC.the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtfulD.it is always morally right to tre

22、at old people and push off death【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知选项A和D表述错误, 选项B在文中没有提及, 只有选项C符合原文。2.根据第一段最后一句Some social workers,., think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.认

23、为我们持有个人自由的概念是危险的, 因为这会给老年人的健康和安全带来严重的风险。也就是说他们认为健康和安全比自由更重要。选项A符合原文。3.根据第二段的内容, 将人的身体和汽车相比较, 汽车需要的是机械保养, 而人需要手术进行治疗, 不管结果如何如何好, 但过程是极度痛苦的。作者的潜在意思是, 人能感到疼痛, 但车却不会, 两者完全没有可比性, 所以本题选A。4.分析句子结构并结合句意可知, it指的是上句中的whether age is happy or unpleasant。所以选项C正确。5.根据第二段的最后一句You cannot ask doctors or scientists t

24、o decide,.可知选项A错误; 根据最后一段可知选项B错误; 根据第二段倒数第二句Is it morally right to.that it is designed to die?明知道这是死亡必须经历的过程, 却还是通过开发药物来激发健忘的老思想, 激活衰老的身体, 这在道德上是正确的吗?该句为反问句, 说明作者对此是持怀疑的态度, 所以选项C正确, 选项D错误。13. 单选题Although he was not caught cheating on the exam, the feeling of guilt_over and over again.问题1选项A.ascended

25、B.conqueredC.securedD.recurred【答案】D【解析】ascended上升, 追溯; conquered战胜, 征服; secured安全的, 有把握的; recurred重现。句意：虽然他在考试中作弊没有被抓, 但他的负罪感还是一遍又一遍地浮现。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题Exactly how many people experience stress-related eating isnt known,but as the obesity_worsens,theres growing scientific interest in the topic.问题1选项A

26、.peregrinationB.originationC.epidemicD.fragrance【答案】C【解析】peregrination游历, 旅行; origination起源; epidemic（风尚等的）流行, 传染病; fragrance芬芳, 香气。句意：到底有多少人经历过在压力下进食还不清楚, 但是随着肥胖的流行越来越严重, 人们对这个话题的科学兴趣也越来越大。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题First there was a Washington Post article published shortly after the elections on the presumpt

27、ive new House speaker, Muted Tones of Quiet Authority：A Look Suited to the Speaker. It offered the information that Pelosis suit was by Giorgio Armanithe Italian master of neutral tones and modern power dressingand she wore it well. The article at least appeared in the newspapers Style section,but w

28、as chockfull of psychoanalytic forays into Pelosis wardrobe choices,asserting that an Armani suit,for a woman, is a tool for playing with the boys without pretending to be one. I would wager that Pelosi is one woman who doesnt play around with anyone.Then there was a New York Times article in Januar

29、y in its Thursday Styles section titled Speaking Chic to Power. While noting that Pelosi,barely in her new job a month,had brought the House to votes on a minimum wage increase,stem cell research and Medicare drug prices,the article said she did it looking preternaturally fresh, with a wardrobe that

30、 .white still subdued and over-reliant on suits, has seldom spruced the halls of Congress.Similar articles appeared in the Baltimore Sun and Chicago Tribune. Mentioned were other women politicians and their fashion choices,such as Sen. Hillary Clintons hair style and preference for black pantsuits o

31、r Florida Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultzs haircut. The question is whether focusing on the clothing choices of serious female political players risks rendering them less than serious. Another question is whether such reports warrant precious space. After all,with rare exceptions,male politicians are

32、seldom scrutinized for their choice of suits.Some reporters and editors havent figured out a way to cover female politicians that doesnt rely on the old stereotypes,says Gail Dines,sociology and womens studies professor at Wheelock College in Boston.To be a woman politician,you have to strategize an

33、d work hard,and yet what matters is what designer youre wearing. Its a way to make women in power less scary, Dines notes.Its putting women into a comfort zone for those who are still baffled by how to treat strong women.The articles seem a throwback to a time when women were only spouses,not player

34、s,says Ruth Mandel, director of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University. To focus on their attire,the cut of their clothes.is to be in danger of trivializing who they are,the important role they play and the meaning behind womens advancement to positions of power: That is, were movi

35、ng to a true democracy of shared leadership.The problem is the media havent quite caught up. A woman who rises to a leadership position at any level is going to dress appropriately, says Kathleen Hall Jamieson, professor at the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania. It

36、 underscores her competence and is not a distraction. You take for granted that it would not be worthy of comment any more. Jamieson thinks the underlying motivation for reporting on female politicians style is the natural news interest in talking about what changes,and men dont look different. Ther

37、e is a uniform for men in power and we all know that it looks like. The only thing to change is the color of the shirt or tie. Because women have greater fashion options,changes they make are more obvious and invite analysis. Now that Pelosis uniform has been established, that should be the end of i

38、t. Ditto for Clinton. Clinton now has a range of what she wears. Jamieson says. She hasnt been changing hairstyles or her pantsuits. That is our definition of what she wears,and that should end it.Tom Rosenstiel,director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism,thinks reporting that describes wom

39、en politicians appearance is justified in profiles of them. Female politicians will certainly survive such silly coverage,and some argue the stories are harmless. But these women are role models for young women and offer an alternative to the fashion model and celebrity in setting the standard for f

40、emale beauty and worth.Dines worries that when the media emphasize the appearance of women,it perpetuates attitudes in the larger world that devalue and limit women. These are fortunate, privileged women, Dines notes of politicians, but for young women trying to make it in the world, how they look c

41、an affect their opportunities. 1.The passage mainly about （ ） .2.Which of the following is NOT true of Pelosi?3.Which of the following is true of male political leaders?4.Some people contend the media （ ） .5.Professor Jamieson believes that （ ） .问题1选项A.the captious coverage of powerful women attireB

42、.fashionable women leaders in the USAC.the seriousness of female political playersD.the importance of making powerful women less scary问题2选项A.She was covered in the newspaper fashion section.B.She brought some controversial ideas to vote in the house.C.Her fashion brought an extraordinary freshness i

43、n the House.D.She staked on some recreations as the House speaker.问题3选项A.They trivialize female political leaders by focusing on their attire.B.They are always baffled by how to treat women in power.C.They are seldom inspected critically for their style of suits.D.They are politically relevant but d

44、azzlingly charismatic looking.问题4选项A.pays more on women politicians than their male counterpartsB.sets the women politicians an alternative standard for female beauty and worthC.emphasizes the appearance of the women politicians to devaluate themD.is justified to put the clothing choices of women po

45、liticians on precious space问题5选项A.dressing appropriately of women politicians would not be worthy of comment any moreB.we have the definition of what Sen. Clinton wears,and that should be.end of her style analysisC.no distraction would be earned for those politicians in uniformD.women politicians wo

46、uld like to make changes and invite analysis【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲对有权势的女性穿着所出现的挑剔报道。选项A正确。2.根据一二段的内容可知, 选项A, B, C在文中均有提及并且表述正确, 只有选项D错误。3.根据第三段的最后一句After all,with rare exceptions,male politicians are seldom scrutinized for their choice of suits.几乎无一例外地, 很少有人去细究男政治家们的服装选择

47、。所以, 选项C正确。4.根据最后一段Dines worries that when the media emphasize the appearance of women,it perpetuates attitudes in the larger world that devalue and limit women.当媒体强调女性的外貌时, 这会在更大范围内使贬低和限制女性的态度持久化。选项C符合原文。5.根据关键词Jamieson定位到第六段第三句It underscores her competence and is not a distraction. You take for gr

48、anted that it would not be worthy of comment any more.它强调的是她的能力而不是一种娱乐。你理所当然地认为这不再值得评论。选项A符合原文。16. 单选题The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City_shock and anger throughout the world.问题1选项A.temptedB.provokedC.summonedD.enveloped【答案】B【解析】tempted引诱, 诱导; provoked激起, 引起; summoned传唤, 召集; envelope

49、d包围, 包封, 遮盖。句意：纽约双子塔的毁坏在全世界引起了震惊和愤怒。选项B符合句意。17. 案例题Barbie DollsFlashy clothes, the perfect boyfriend, a Corvette, Ferrari, full size apartment with beautiful furniture and a boat. Shes the woman who has everything and every year receives more. Since her introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll may be t

50、he most influential icon of American culture in the late twentieth century.（1）. She attracted little girls because of her adult-like features. Before this, children looked at toys like Yogi Bear, Howdy Doody, and baby dolls for inspiration. With the creation of Barbie, girls now had a new toy to sti

51、mulate their imaginations.In the 1950s most women stayed at home, cooking, cleaning and caring for their children; they didnt parade around in tight little skirts and high heels. The Barbie doll represented independence and glamour she could sing solos in the spotlight one minute and pilot an airpla

52、ne the next. She was exciting and completely different from the clinging Betsy Westsys and Chatty Cathys that little girls were used to.In Forever Barbie: the Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll, M G. Lord tells the story of Barbies creators. Ruth Handler, the youngest of ten siblings （同胞）, worked

53、 as a stenographer for Paramount Pictures as a young woman. Her husband Elliott designed light fixtures and studied art.（2）. The Handlers began the factory in their garage but quickly expanded until they had hired a hundred workers who made jewelry and decorative items. World War II shortages of lab

54、or soon put them out of business.Despite their first failure, the Handlers didnt give up and, in 1945, they joined with Harold Matson, a former worker, and together the three started Mattel Creations. Matsons last name along with Elliots was fused together to form the name Mattel.In 1946, Matson sol

55、d out his share. The Handlers were not discouraged, though, because of their strong belief in futuristic materials such as Plexiglas, Lucite and plastic. They continued, looking for the perfect item to make their company a success. Little did they know that their persistence would lead them to estab

56、lish a multi-million company initiated by the revolutionary Barbie doll.Ruth Handler first encountered the model for Barbie in 1955 while vacationing in Switzerland with her family. The Lilli doll, a comic character from Germany, was usually found in tobacco stores as a three dimensional（三维的）pinup（挂

57、在墙上的照片, 玩偶等）. Ruth brought back two dolls, one for her daughter Barbara, and one for herself.（3）. Handler recalls: Through their play Barbara imagined their lives as adults. They used the dolls to reflect the adult world around them. They would sit and carry on conversations, making the dolls real p

58、eople. I thought if only we could take this play pattern and three dimensionalize it, we would have something very special.Barbie debuted at the American Toy Fair in New York City in the winter of 1959. But in her unseasonable black-and-white striped swimsuit, the doll did not impress toy buyers. Ev

59、en Scars, Matters biggest customer, refused to put the sexy doll on their shelves. Lord says it was Mattels advertising strategy aimed at the children that finally paved the way for Barbies success.The 1950s was a big decade for child culture. Disneyland had opened in July of 1955, and Walt Disneys

60、Mickey Mouse Club television series was a hit for children under the age of 12. Manufacturers and retailers had aimed toy advertising at parents in the past with the focus during Christmas season. But once children actually saw toys advertised on television, toys became a big business. Television ad

61、vertisements with the child-as-a-consumer revolutionized the toy industry in the twentieth century.Barbie was a fantasy. In a border city it was rare to encounter a white, blue-eyed person. Maybe thats why I was so attracted to her. Most little girls couldnt wait to get their hands on Barbie because

62、 they had never encountered a doll with such an enormous wardrobe.Angela Loya, an engineer and Barbie collector from Houston, idolized Barbie because of her independence. She said in an interview, Barbie was designed for women by women. It taught us what was expected from us by society. She had it all. the clothes, the boyfriend and whatever career she wanted. She was the sym