2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第74期

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题If the investment tax credit is ( ) as a part of tax reform plan, the capital-intensive businesses such as steel-makers and airliners will face a hard time.问题1选项A.repealedB.inferredC.inducedD.appealed【答案】A【解析】repealed废止，撤销；inferred推测；induced引诱，说服；appealed呼吁，求

2、助。句意：如果投资抵税被取消来作为税收改革计划的一部分，钢铁制造商和航空公司等资本密集型企业将面临艰难时期。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题As a good photographer, you must develop an awareness of the world around you and the people who（ ）it.问题1选项A.innovateB.inhabitC.integrateD.inherit【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。innovate创新，改革；inhabit居住于，存在于；integrate整合；inherit继承。人类是居住在世界上的，所以选项B符合句

3、意。3. 单选题Very few scientists（ ）with a completely new answer to the worlds problem.问题1选项A.come onB.come upC.come inD.come round【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。come up with 提出，想出。故答案为B。come on快点，开始；come around苏醒，恢复知觉；come in流行。只有选项B可以和with搭配。句意：很少有科学家能对这个世界的问题给出一个全新的答案。4. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around

4、 the world , has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its（1）of more cars, more highways , more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has（2）to the near-destruction of our cities, a

5、nd the pollution not only of（3）air , but also of the earth satmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the（4）of the energy crisis.Our present（5）is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources（6） and energy use have brought us to a

6、state（7）long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which（8） the future of our country, our children, and our earth,（9）a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling

7、back under the continuing exposures of loss of（10） . There is a strong demand for moral revival and（11）some devotion that is vast enough and yet（12）enough to enlist the devolution of all. In the past it has been only in a war in（13）of their own country（14）any people have been able to（15）themselves w

8、holeheartedly.This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in（16）with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who（17）with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a（18）need to reassess our present course, and to（19）new methods throu

9、gh which the world can survive. This is priceless（20）.问题1选项A.manufactureB.increaseC.presenceD.expansion问题2选项A.attributedB.contributedC.amountedD.brought问题3选项A.urbanB.ruralC.localD.downtown问题4选项A.formB.caseC.eventD.course问题5选项A.surroundingB.environmentC.circumstanceD.situation问题6选项A.exploitationB.exp

10、lorationC.explosionD.exposition问题7选项A.thatB.whyC.whenD.where问题8选项A.influencesB.endangersC.restrainsD.transforms问题9选项A.butB.yetC.orD.and问题10选项A.responsibilityB.conscienceC.moralityD.dedication问题11选项A.ofB.byC.withD.for问题12选项A.personalB.collectiveC.compulsoryD.unanimous问题13选项A.protectionB.defenseC.resc

11、ueD.maintenance问题14选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题15选项A.engageB.donateC.sacrificeD.devote问题16选项A.comparisonB.accordanceC.cooperationD.connection问题17选项A.regulateB.exhaustC.dominateD.share问题18选项A.mutualB.commonC.universalD.general问题19选项A.deviseB.alterC.initiateD.modify问题20选项A.challengeB.opportunityC.attem

12、ptD.notion【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】（1）根据原文：汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市几乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（2）contributed to导致；attributed to归因于；amounted总计。句意：所有的这些因素导致了城市的近乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文：不仅污染了当地的空气，

13、而且污染了地球的大气层。选项C包括了其他三个选项，所以更符合原文。（4）in the form of以的形式。这里指这场灾难以能源危机的形式出现。（5）surrounding环境，周围的食物；environment多指自然环境；circumstance境遇；situation情形，情况。句意：我们现在的情况不同于战争、革命或萧条。选项D更符合原文。（6）exploitation开发，开采；exploration探测；explosion爆炸，爆发；exposition展览会。根据原文，这里应该指对资源的开采，选项A正确。（7）先行词是state，where在这里引导主语从句，修饰state。（8

14、）influences影响；endangers 危及；restrains限制；transforms变换，变形。根据原文，这里指由于资源和能源的过度使用，这种状态已经危及到了国家、儿童以及地球的未来，所以选项B正确。（9）根据原文：我们需要的不是继续我们目前严重的状态，而是朝着一种新的规范前进，以便迅速和有效地解决问题。根据上下文可知，这里为转折的关系。选项A符合句意。（10）responsibility责任，义务；conscience良心，道德心；morality道德，美德；dedication奉献。根据原文，这个国家在道德丧失的持续暴露下一直在倒退。选项C符合原文。（11）根据句意可知，an

15、d连接并列句，前面是demand for，后面也应该填介词for。（12）personal个人的，亲自的；collective集体的，共同的；compulsory必修的，强制的；unanimous全体一致的。（13）in defense of country保卫国家，为固定搭配。（14）这里为强调句，所以用that引导，不充当任何成分。（15）根据原文：在过去，只有在保卫自己的国家的战争中，任何人都能全心全意地献身于自己的国家。选项D符合原文。（16）comparison比较；accordance一致，和谐；connection连接，关系；in cooperation with与合作。句意：这

16、是我们第一次被要求与地球上所有其他居民合作，保卫我们自己和我们珍视的东西。选项C符合句意。（17）share with sb. 与共享，共同拥有。句意：这些居民与我们共享着同样濒危的空气和同样濒危的海洋。只有选项D能与介词with搭配。（18）mutual彼此的，相互的；universal普遍的；general一般的。这里指共同的需要。（19）devise设计，想出；alter改变；initiate发起，创始；modify修改。想出新的方法。选项A符合原文。（20）challenge 挑战；opportunity 机会，时机；attempt 企图，尝试；notion概念。这是一个无价的机会。选

17、项B符合原文。5. 单选题We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be（ ）and go another day.问题1选项A.probableB.reliableC.flexibleD.feasible【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。probable可信的；reliable可靠的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的。句意：我们已经安排好星期五去看电影，但我们可以灵活调整，改天去也行。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题The United States has historically had higher

18、rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage （1 ） in the United States about 9 new marriages for every 1, 000 people is （2 ） higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is （3 ） as widespread as it was several decades ago. （4 ）

19、 of American adults who are married（5 ） from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried（6 ） their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some（7 ） in their lives. Experts （8） that about the same

20、 proportion of todays young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied （9 ） over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for t

21、he first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. （10） , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous （11） inU. S. history. Todays later age of marriage is（12） the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was

22、married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before （13）. Experts do not agree on why the marriage rush of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a （14） to the return of peace and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic （15） and war.问题1选项A

23、.rateB.ratioC.percentageD.poll问题2选项A.potentiallyB.intentionallyC.randomlyD.substantially问题3选项A.not any longerB.no moreC.no longerD.not any more问题4选项A.A proportionB.The proportionC.The numberD.A number问题5选项A.declinedB.deterioratedC.deducedD.demolished问题6选项A.pastB.passingC.throughoutD.through问题7选项A.pe

24、riodB.levelC.pointD.respect问题8选项A.projectB.planC.promiseD.propose问题9选项A.unexpectedlyB.irregularlyC.flexiblyD.consistently问题10选项A.BesidesB.HoweverC.WhereasD.Nevertheless问题11选项A.descendantsB.ascendantsC.populationD.generation问题12选项A.according toB.in line withC.based onD.caused by问题13选项A.and afterB.or

25、afterC.or sinceD.ever since问题14选项A.refusalB.realizationC.responseD.reality问题15选项A.repressionB.aggressionC.restrictionD.depression【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:D第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。根据破折号后面的内容可以推测，这里应为结婚率，选项A正确。ratio 比例；percentage百分数；poll 选举之投票，均不符合原文。（2

26、）副词词义辨析。potentially 潜在地；intentionally故意地；randomly 随便地；substantially实质上，大体上。根据句意：美国目前的年结婚率大体上远高于其他工业化国家。选项D符合句意。（3）副词短语辨析。选项A和B一般放于修饰词后；选项C一般放于修饰词之前；选项D意为再也不。根据句意：然而，婚姻不再像几十年前那样普遍。选项C符合原文。（4）考查冠词用法。根据下文百分比可排除选项C和D，而百分比是已知的，所以用定冠词the，选项B正确。（5）动词词义辨析和上下文语义。declined下降，衰退；deteriorated恶化的，变质的；deduced推理；de

27、molished拆毁，破坏。根据下文“from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent.说明是呈下降趋势的，所以选项A符合原文。（6）介词词义辨析。throughout their lives为固定搭配，意为整个一生。（7）名词词义辨析。根据原文，这里指生活中的某一阶段，用period符合原文。（8）上下文语义。根据原文：专家预测，现在的年轻人中最终结婚的比例也大致相同。project除了计划、工程的意思外，还有预测的意思。所以本题选A。（9）副词词义辨析和上下文语义。unexpectedly出乎意料地；irregularly 不规则地；flexibly柔软地；con

28、sistently持续地，不断地。句意：在过去的一个世纪里，结婚的时间一直在变化。选项D符合原文。（10）逻辑关系。根据前后句义可知，此处表转折。However和 Whereas都有然而的意思，但Whereas后面通常接整个句子，和句子间不用逗号隔开。Besides和Nevertheless 不符合原文。所以本题选B。（11）名词搭配。descendants 子孙，后裔；ascendants优势，运道；population人口；previous generation意为上一代人，所以选项D符合原文。（12）介词词组辨析。according to按照；in line with与一致；based

29、on基于；caused by由造成。句意：现在的晚婚年龄与1890年至1940年的结婚年龄是一致的。选项B符合原文。（13）固定搭配。at any time before or after为固定搭配，意为：在前后的任何时间。（14）词义辨析。refusal to拒绝，推却；realization为名词，意为实现；response to对做出回应；reality为名词，意为现实。句意：大多数社会科学家认为，这是对和平回归的一种回应。选项C符合原文。（15）固定搭配。economic depression 为固定搭配，意为：经济萧条，符合上下文。所以本题选D。7. 单选题It is disturb

30、ing to note how many crimes we do know about were detected（ ） , not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.问题1选项A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals【答案】A【解析】by accident偶然，意外的；on schedule按时；in general总之，通常；at intervals不时。句意：令人不安的是，我们知道的很多罪行是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统的检查或其他安全程序发现的。选

31、项A符合句意。8. 翻译题五年前，如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话，那可是需要很多勇气的。可今天，越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵，这可要归功于部队对高级人才的要求，以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生，也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。这个月初，他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体，锻炼心志。我不担心入伍后我的事业发展，相反，我倒认为入伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。”随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力，现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完全掌握复杂的装备。据北京征兵办公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比，

32、大学生入伍比率从0.1 %提升到60%。学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特别领域的知识，就更有优势。譬如，各国之间军事交流中需要语言能力，语言专业的人就很有优势，电子通讯或电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域，对这类人才的需求也很高。为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍，有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。事实上，这种入伍的经历很有意义，可以开阔视野，也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业，以及是否愿意投身部队。【答案】If a Chinese college student intended to enlist as a soldier in the army, it took

33、 a lot of courage five years ago. But today, more and more college students choose to become an army soldier due to the needs of the armies for senior talents, as well as the new policies encouraging students to join the army.24 -year-old Zhou, as finance major, is also turning his attention to the

34、force in order to seek his own development. Earlier this month, he just passed the physical examination of the call to army. “I hope a stocky body and a strong mind can be gained by the thorough training of the force. Im not bothered about my career development after joining the army; on the contrar

35、y, I think it benefits to my career development. ”Modern armies badly need the well-educated people to complete the complicated equipment, as the modern warfare and the military plans increasingly need complex technique and operational capability. It is the conscription office stated that comparing

36、with firstly enlisting recruits from college students in 2001, the enrollees from university graduates increase from 0.1% to 60% in Beijing. Bachelor or above will be useful for the successful application of the recruitment. You will have more advantages if you maintain the knowledge in some specifi

37、c field. For example, the person of language major has a big advantage due to the need of the language competence for the military exchanges. The qualified person from electronic communications or electronics which represent a key field of the future military competition has a high demand.In order t

38、o attract more high-quality talents to join the army, publicity and rewards program have been engaging in the college graduates being called up. In fact, this is meaningful, which broadens your horizons, leaves more time for mapping out your whole future career as well as whether or not to be willin

39、g to engage in the forces.9. 单选题Many of these companies moved to the Inland South to take ( ) of the lower wages and the lack of strong labor unions in the region.问题1选项A.profitB.advantageC.favorD.adventure【答案】B【解析】take advantage of为固定搭配，意为利用。句意：许多这样的公司搬到南方内陆地区，以利用当地工资较低和缺乏强有力的工会的优势。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Re

40、jecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to（ ） on math and theoretical physics.问题1选项A.imposeB.centerC.overtookD.concentrate【答案】D【解析】impose on利用，欺骗；center on集中，以为中心；overtook赶上，代替，不与on搭配；concentrate on专注于。句意：霍金拒绝了他的医生父亲学习医学的要求，选择专注于数学和理论物理。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题Mr. Smith as

41、ked his secretary to（ ） a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.问题1选项A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。 invade侵入；install安装；insert 插入, 镶入；inject注射。句意：Mr. Smith要求他的秘书在她正在打的年度报告中插入一段。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题The artist has made a ( ) of combining the first-rate photography and design w

42、ith advanced technology in every piece of work he produces.问题1选项A.disciplineB.principleC.proposalD.principal【答案】A【解析】discipline学科，纪律，训练，惩罚；principle原则，原理；proposal 建议，提议；principal首长，校长。句意：这位艺术家在他的每一件作品中都把一流的摄影和设计与先进的技术结合起来。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as l

43、ong as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consisted solely of massive, number-crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applications were in compiling statistical indexes of works of literature.Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, whic

44、h dates back to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scholars scrutinize important texts for patterns and meaning. Other humanities applications for computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, especi

45、ally for foreign or antiquated languages, and cataloging library collections.Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited at first, but they have produced some interesting results in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. As computer use and access have grown, so has

46、 the number of digitized texts of classic literary works.The computer-based study of literary texts has established its own niche in academia. Donald Foster, an English professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the leaders in textual scholarship. In the late 1980s Foster creat

47、ed SHAXICON, a database that tracks all the “rare” words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears in any individual Shakespeare play no more than 12 times. The words can then be cross-referenced with some 2,000 other poetic texts, allowing experienced researchers t

48、o explore when they were written, who wrote them, how the author was influenced by the works of other writers, and how the texts changed us they were reproduced over the centuries.In late 1995 Fosters work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an ob

49、scure 578-line poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although experts had made similar claims for other works in the past, Foster gained the backing of a number of prominent scholars because of his computer-base approach. If Fosters claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few addit

50、ions to the Shakespearean canon in the last 100 years.Fosters work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to help identify the anonymous author of the best-selling political novel Primary Colors (1996). After using his computer program to compare the stylistic traits of vario

51、us writers with those in the novel, Foster tabbed journalist Joe Klein as the author. Soon after, Klein admitted that he was the author. Foster was also employed as an expert in the case of the notorious Unabomber, a terrorist who published an anonymous manifesto in several major newspapers in 1995.

52、1.This paper will mainly discuss（）.2.which of the following is NOT true?3.Foster identified the author of an anonymous manifesto by（）.4.Which of the following can most probably be inferred from the passage?5.By access have grown in paragraph 3, the author probably means that（）.问题1选项A.advantage of co

53、mputer usage in the study of humanitiesB.the application of computers to compiling statistic indexes of literary worksC.the application of computers to compiling dictionaries.D.contributions of computer-based study of literary texts问题2选项A.A Funeral Elegy was an authentic work from Shakespeare.B.Comp

54、uter utilization made Forsters claim more convincing.C.In the last 100 years, additional works of Shakespeare have been accepted as authentic.D.There are still many works whose authors are unknown.问题3选项A.studying the writing characteristic of the suspectsB.cross-referring the manifesto with other te

55、rroristsC.gain the support of well-known scholarsD.applying computers to the study of its styles问题4选项A.In the past, mainframe computers were used to handle numbers.B.Computers usage in liberal art is narrow.C.Humanities applications for computers might produce unexpected results.D.Computers are best

56、 in dealing with foreign or antiquated languages.问题5选项A.more people are able to log on to a computer system.B.means of approaching a computers system are expanded.C.technology of computers have been upgraded.D.area where computers can be applied have increased【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.结合全文分

57、析可以看出，第一段的第一句为本文的中心句。“Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed.”所以选项D正确。2.根据原文倒数第二段的内容可知，Foster声称莎士比亚是葬礼晚歌的匿名作者，因为他基于计算机的方法得到了知名学者的支持。本段的最后一句提到，如果Foster的主张经得起长时间的推敲判断，这首诗将是过去100年里莎士比亚经典中为数不多的几首增补作品之一。由此推断，选项A表述错误。3.根据原文的后半部分可知Foster证实匿名作品的作者是通过应

58、用计算机（比较不同作家的文体和风格）来研究其风格。选项D正确。4.根据第二段的第一句“Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task.”可知选项A错误；根据第三段的第一句“Such types of.continue to do so.”可知，选项B错误；根据第二段的最后一句可知，选项D也不正确，所以本题选C。5.access意为可接近的，可获得的。这里指计算机的普及，所以选项A正确。14. 单选题Television 一 that most pervasive (遍布的)and persuasive of mod

59、ern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The

60、word “television”, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photo conductive plate within a camera) into electronics impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an