2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第154期

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Animals that could not themselves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived.问题1选项A.conformB.adaptC.modifyD.conform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conform “使遵守，使一致”；adapt “适应”；modify “修改”；conform “符合，遵照”。句意：不能适应环境变化的动物灭绝了，而那些能适应的存活了下来。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The m

2、anager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for work.问题1选项A.mannerB.moodC.temperD.passion【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。lose ones temper “发脾气”。句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Among different kinds of monkeys, it is the chimpanzee that has interested scientists .问题1选项A.bestB.mostC.the

3、mostD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：在不同种类的猴子中，让科学家最感兴趣的是黑猩猩。空格处需要填入一个表示“最，非常”的词，因此选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must

4、 be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children,

5、 professional achievement, religious commitment, and self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life

6、 is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But

7、couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to ac

8、tivities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying a new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be ha

9、ppy at all.1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .2. Raising children, in the authors opinion, is .3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from .4. To understand what true happiness is, one must .5. What is the author trying to tell us?问题1选项A.

10、he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB.he believes that life will be more cheerful to remain singleC.he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD.he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement问题2选项A.a moral dutyB.a rewarding taskC.a thankless jobD.a source of inevi

11、table pain问题3选项A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance问题4选项A.have as much fun as possible during ones lifetimeB.make every effort to liberate oneself from painC.put up with pain under all circumstancesD.be able to distinguish happiness from fun问题5选项A.iIt is pain that leads to happinessB.One

12、 must know how to attain happinessC.It is important to make commitmentsD.Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第三段最后两句提到单身生活充满着乐趣、冒险以及兴奋，而婚姻虽然偶尔也会有这些，但是不再是主要的特征（The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but t

13、hey are not its most distinguishing features），由此可知在他们看来，婚姻会影响他们的精彩生活，选项B符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第四段提到没有孩子的夫妻无法感受到那种看着自己孩子慢慢长大的喜悦感（But couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild），因此选项B符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到它把我们从嫉妒中解放出来，我们

14、现在能够理解那些玩得开心的人实际上可能并不幸福（And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all），由此推测出之所以会嫉妒是因为误解：以为那些看起来开心的人是真的幸福，因此选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句话提到理解并且接受真正的幸福与乐趣无关是最自由的认识之一(Understanding and accepting that true happiness has no

15、thing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations)，因此选项D符合题意。5.判断推理题。在作者看来，幸福与痛苦是分不开的，并不是完全没有痛苦的人生就是幸福的人生（The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness），因此选项D符合题意。5. 填空题The Food and

16、 Drug Administration on Friday proposed two important rules _1_ at preventing the contamination of produce and processed foods. The _2_ rule represent a sea change in the way the agency polices food, a process that currently _3_ taking action after contamination has been identified.Changes include r

17、equirements for better record keeping, contingency （应急的）plans for handling outbreaks and measures that would prevent the spread of contamination in the first place. While food producers would have latitude in 4 how to execute the rules, farmers would have to ensure that water used in irrigation meet

18、 certain standards and food _5_ need to find ways to keep fresh that may contain bacteria from coming into _6_ with food that has been cooked. New safety measures might include requiring that farm workers wash their hands, _7_ portable toilets in fields and ensuring that foods should be cooked at te

19、mperatures high enough to kill bacteria.Whether consumers will _8_ bear some of the expenses of the new rules was unclear, the agency estimated that the proposals would cost food producers tens of thousands of dollars a year. President Obama requested $220 million in his 2013 _9_, but Dr. Margaret H

20、amburg, commissioner of the F. D. A, said “resources remain an ongoing concern.” Nonetheless, agency officials were _10_ that the new rules would protect consumers better.【答案】1.A 2.N 3.H 4. F 5.M 6.D 7.G 8.O 9.C 10.I【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，_防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对

21、、目的在于符合句意，aim at为固定搭配。2. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposed two important rules ”可判断空格部分“The _rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断 proposed 被提议的、建议的符合句意。3. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程_在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involve doing sth包含。4. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由_如何执行这些规定。

22、从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。5. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“While food producers would have”可判断空格部分“food _”。句意为：食品_需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。6. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品_煮熟的食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，come into contact with和接触、接触到。7. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意

23、为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里_便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。8. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者_是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。9. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的_中要求2.2亿美元。这里提到金额，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。10. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与

24、前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。6. 翻译题There is no end to theories about body shape and personality, and there is no doubt that certain people with certain bodies often have very predictable characters. However, there are some researchers who believe that the many instances in which body and per

25、sonality go together are due to stereotyping; that is, we expect a certain type of person to have certain traits, so we see those traits whether they are there or not. For example, muscular people are believed to be dominant and forceful, so we treat them as leaders. But sometimes they are actually

26、shy and timiD.Fat people are supposed to be happy and warmhearted, but in reality they can just as easily be depressed or mean. Sometimes people will even act the way they think others expect them to act. By doing that, people will fill the role in which we picture them.【答案】关于体型和个性的理论层出不穷，毫无疑问，拥有特定身

27、材的某些人往往具有非常可推测的性格。然而，也有一些研究人员认为，身体和人格结合在一起的许多情况是由于刻板印象；也就是说，我们期望特定类型的人有特定的特质，所以不管他们是否存在，我们都能看到这些特质。例如，肌肉发达的人被认为是强势的，所以我们把他们当作领导者。但有时候他们实际上害羞且胆小。人们认为肥胖的人快乐、热情，但实际上，他们很容易沮丧又刻薄。有时候，人们甚至会按照他们认为别人希望他们做的事情去做。通过这样做，人们将会扮演我们想象中的角色。7. 单选题The presidents speech was so that many people were persuaded to accept

28、the need for change.问题1选项A.expressiveB.inherentC.eloquentD.frequent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。expressive “表现的”；inherent “固有的，内在的”；eloquent “雄辩的，有口才的”；frequent “频繁的”。句意：总统的演讲非常有说服力，以至于许多人都被说服接受了变革的必要性。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Computer equipment can become very quickly because new technology emerges so fast.问题1选项A.primi

29、tiveB.expiredC.raggedD.obsolete【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。primitive “原始的”；expired “过期的，失效的”；ragged “粗糙的”；obsolete “淘汰的；废弃的；过时的”。句意：由于新技术的迅速出现，计算机设备可能很快就会过时。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题By signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week.问题1选项A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。make a

30、 commitment “承诺”。句意：根据所签的租赁合同，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。10. 翻译题人类社会沧桑巨变，国际舞台风云变幻。联合国经历了种种考验，走过了不平凡的历 程。尽管地区动荡和局部冲突时有发生，但是各国更加重视以谈判解决争端。【答案】With the tremendous changes of human society and the international relations, the United Nations have also experienced extraordinary process after sundry tests. Al

31、though constant regional chaos still exist, often conflicted, countries pay more attention to resolve disputes through negotiations.11. 单选题Because of careless washing, the woolen sweater to a childs size.问题1选项A.compressedB.droppedC.shrankD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compress “压缩，压紧”；drop “推动；帮助”；sh

32、rink “收缩”；diminish “减少”。根据关键信息a childs size可知羊毛衫缩小，因此选项C符合题意。句意：由于洗涤不当，这件羊毛衫缩小成了儿童尺寸。12. 翻译题人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。【答案】The historical course of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes

33、 through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able t

34、o generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.13. 单选题According to doctors, if one can the bottle and cigarettes, one can usually be much healthier.问题1选项A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.leave off【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。take off “起飞；离开”；keep off “让开；不接近”；get off “动身”；leave off “停止”。句意：根据医生的说法，如果一个人能远离烟酒，

35、他会更健康。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate bloo

36、d (for red blood cells) about once every two months.Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. D.It involves taking the blood from a donors arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sod

37、ium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipients arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of b

38、lood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease-causing bacteria.Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. Th

39、e recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the b

40、lood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. D.All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such a

41、s HIV (which cause AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed.Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process, to fr

42、eeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. D.To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. D.The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.1. According to this passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?2. Which sentence in paragraph 2 explains

43、how clotting is prevented in the blood container?3. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT?4. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about blood transfused to infants and newborns?5. What does the author imply in the passage?问

44、题1选项A.Every monthB.Every two monthsC.Every three monthsD.Every year问题2选项A.The first sentenceB.The second sentenceC.The third sentenceD.None of the above问题3选项A.allergiesB.sensitivity to donor leukocytesC.red-cell incompatibilityD.air bubbles in the blood问题4选项A.It is as rigorously tested as blood for

45、adultsB.It is treated with radiant energyC.It is not treated differently from adultsD.It is not dangerous for children问题5选项A.Transfusing blood is a dangerous processB.Freezing blood destroys plateletsC.Clotting cannot be preventedD.Storing blood benefits mankind【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事

46、实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处

47、理以消除有害的毒素（When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement），由此可知选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health），因此选项D符合题意。15. 单选题This medicine is very effective. It c

48、an dangerous diseases.问题1选项A.deal withB.cureC.improveD.treat【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。deal with “处理；涉及”；cure “治疗”；improve “提高”； treat “治疗，对待”。cure 通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病；而 treat 则通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。此处并没有明确这种药能治愈危险的疾病，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这种药很有效果，能够处理很多危险疾病。16. 单选题Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain c

49、an be helped by “drugs” that arent really drugs at all _ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.问题1选项A.or ratherB.rather thanC.other thanD.but rather【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。or rather “倒不如说”；rather than “而不是”；other than“除了，不同于”；but rather “而是”。句意：有时候帮助病人缓解疼痛的药物并不是真正的药物而是一些不含活性化学元素的糖丸。选项D符合题意。17

50、. 单选题_ all our kindness to help her; Sara refused to listen.问题1选项A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】D【解析】考查介词词义辨析。at “在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in “在内”；for “对；为了”；on “在之上；对于，关于”。句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题Some people complain doctors for too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.advisingB.deliveringC.order

51、ingD.prescribing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Advise “建议”；deliver “交付；递送”；order “命令”；prescribe “开药方”。句意：一些人抱怨医生总是给小病开很多药。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Labor and management have agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby a strike.问题1选项A.startingB.forestallingC.causingD.accelerating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start “开始”；forestall “预先阻止”；c

52、ause “导致”；accelerate “使加快”。根据关键信息 a temporary settlement可知是暂时解决了问题，因此阻止了罢工（strike）。选项B符合题意。句意：劳资双方达成了协议，一场罢工被阻止。20. 单选题Competition, many people believe, the national character rather than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。