2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第186期

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 问答题With (A) the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B) spend a lifetime for (C) the advancement of science to the best (D) of ones ability.【答案】试题答案：A; By【解析】考查介词用法。with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个”，因此用by（根据，按照）。2. 问答题Wed rather have long waits than

2、(A) no shifting of the scenes, and (B) all the actors on (C) the stage doing (D) nothing.【答案】试题答案：B; with【解析】考查独立主格。with表示伴随状况，其结构为：with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。3. 单选题The managing director took the （ ）for the accident, although it was not really his fault.问题1选项A.guiltB.chargeC.blameD.accusat

3、ion【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。guilt意为“有罪，犯罪行为”；charge意为“收费，指控”；blame意为“(坏事或错事的) 责任，责备”，take the blame for意为“承担的责任”；accusation意为“指责，谴责”。句意：总经理承担了事故的责任，尽管并不真的是他的错。4. 单选题The medical students studied the （ ）of the human body.问题1选项A.frameworkB.outlineC.skeletonD.segment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。framework意为“ 构架，框架”；outline意为“

4、梗概，大纲，提纲”；skeleton意为“骨骼，骨架，骨骼标本”；segment意为“部分，段落”。句意：医学专业的学生研究了人体的骨骼。5. 问答题We are willing to (A) share whatever (B) we know, no matter how it might be little (C), with anyone who is in need of that (D) knowledge or skill.【答案】试题答案：C; how little it might be【解析】考查词序。no matter how表示“无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，no ma

5、tter how后面接形容词或副词+句子。6. 单选题The outline of the figure was barely （ ）in the darkness.问题1选项A.susceptibleB.perceptiveC.invisibleD.perceptible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。susceptible意为“易受影响的”；perceptive意为“有知觉力的”；invisible意为“看不见的”；perceptible意为“可理解的，可认识的”。句意：没有一丝光，这个图形的轮廓很难在黑暗中辨认。7. 单选题Greater effort to increase agri

6、cultural production must be made if food shortage（ ）avoided.问题1选项A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been【答案】A【解析】考查将来时。be to do sth.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”，此处含有强制要求做某事，因此选A。will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事；can be能够（避免）不符合句意；has been表示已经避免更不符合句意句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。8. 单选题Most people do not know that Juliette G

7、ordon Low, the founder of the Girl Scouts of America, was deaf. She began to lose her hearing when she was 17, and became almost totally deaf in her adulthood.Juliette married William Mackay Low and they went to England to live. Juliette became interested in the Girl Guides Association there. She ob

8、served their meetings and was very impressed because the girls acquired many useful skills. They learned how to cook, knit, tie knots and give first aid. They also learned about the history of the flag. Moreover, they developed important social skills as they learned how to work together. Juliette t

9、hought that girls everywhere should have this opportunity, so she decided to organize more troops.Juliette organized several Girl Guides troops in both England and Scotland. Since she could not do all the work herself, she had to ask other women to help her. Sometimes the women were reluctant to giv

10、e their time due to family responsibilities. However, Juliette was a very determined woman. When the women refused, she would pretend that she didnt understand what they said. As a result, the women helped her in spite of being busy.Juliette always persevered until she motivated others to help her w

11、ith her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was in Scotland. She was walking along a road one day when she came to a stream. The only way across the stream was by a foot log, and Juliette was afraid to cross it alone. She was wondering what to do when she saw a pedd

12、ler coming down the road. She told the peddler to go across the bridge first, and she would follow with her hand on his shoulder. Although the peddler started to protest, her stubborn insistence again paid off. He reluctantly led her across the foot bridge. Once they were safely on the other side, t

13、he peddler explained to her that he was blind!When Juliette came back to America for a visit, she started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there were six Girl Guide troops in Savannah. At that time, the girl

14、s each made their own uniforms.In 1913, the Girl Guides changed its name to the Girl Scouts. Juliette Low came back to Savannah that same year. She decided that there should be Girl Scout troops all over the United States, so she worked toward that goal. The first national Girl Scout convention was

15、held in Washington D.C, on June 10, 1915.Juliette died in Savannah on January 17, 1927. Thanks to her, there are now Girl Scouts all over the world. Juliettes home in Savannah is a national Girl Scout center.Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities.” This

16、sentence means （ ）.1.The main idea of this passage can best be stated as（ ）.2.“.Juliette started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there were six Girl Guide troops in 3.Savannah.” From this statement we can a

17、ssume that（ ）.4.Juliette did things in this order:（ ）.5.After reading the passage, we can assume that （ ）.问题1选项A.the women were eager to help her start Girl Guides troopsB.the women wanted to help, but had something due that they needed to work onC.the women were in charge of other familiesD.the wom

18、en didnt want to help her because they were too busy with their families问题2选项A.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, used determination and persistence to start Girl Scout troops all over the worldB.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, was very pushy and always got what she wantedC.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, traveled

19、 to many different places in her life time but ended up back in SavannahD.without Juliette, the Girl Scouts would still only British phenomenon.问题3选项A.Juliette liked the uniforms the Girl Guides woreB.other people set up their own troops because they were jealous of JulietteC.Juliette helped to star

20、t all six of these troopsD.the girls in the first troop argued and had to be separated into six different troops问题4选项A.went to England, married William, watched the Girl Guides meetings, organized her own Girl Guides troops.B.watched the Girl Guides meetings, went to England, married William, organi

21、zed her own Girl Guides troops.C.married William, went to England, organized her own Girl Guides troops, watched the Girl Guides meetings.D.married William, went to England, watched the Girl Guides meetings, organized her own Girl Guides troops.问题5选项A.Juliette had to work because her husband didnt m

22、ake enough moneyB.Juliette enjoyed being busy and helping othersC.Juliette wanted to be a Girl Guide herself, but she was too oldD.Juliettes husband didnt approve of her involvement in this association【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。be reluctant to意为“不愿意，不情愿”，due to意为“由于”。由文章第三段中的Since she

23、could not do all the work herself, she had to ask other women to help her. Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities.As a result, the women helped her in spite of being busy.（由于她不能自己做所有的工作，所以她不得不请其他妇女帮助她。有时，由于家庭责任，这些妇女不愿意花时间结果，尽管很忙，妇女们还是帮助了她）可知A选项说法不正确，这些妇女

24、刚开始的时候并不乐意帮助她，B选项与due to family responsibilities不符，故排除，C选项在文中没有提及，故排除，因此选D。2.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Juliette Low虽然耳朵听不到，但她一直为在世界各地建立女童子军坚持不懈地努力，因此选A。3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的she started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there w

25、ere six Girl Guide troops in Savannah. （她在家乡萨凡纳组建了第一支女童子军。六个月后，当她回到英国时，萨凡纳有六支女童子军）可知C选项说法不正确，Juliette只组建了一支女童子军，故排除；A选项文中没有提及，故排除；在根据后面的At that time, the girls each made their own uniforms（那时，女孩们各自制作了自己的制服）可知D选项“第一个女童子军团的女孩因争论，不得不分成六支军团”最为恰当。4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Juliette married William Mackay Low and th

26、ey went to England to live. Juliette became interested in the Girl Guides Association there. She observed their meetings和第三段中的Juliette organized several Girl Guides troops in both England and Scotland内容可知Juliette 先是嫁给了William，然后再去的英国，在那里她对Girl Guides Association产生了兴趣并仔细观察她们的会议，最后她组建了自己的女童子军，因此选D。5.推

27、理判断题。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵听不到，嫁给了William，就没有Juliette的其他信息，故排除A、D，C选项文章也没有提及，只能通过Juliette为建立女童子军所做的努力，推测她是一个乐于助人的人，因此选B。9. 单选题When the class was over, they went back to their （ ）dormitories.问题1选项A.complacentB.respectableC.respectiveD.respectful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。complacent意为“自满的，自鸣得意的”；respectable意为“得体的，值得

28、尊敬的”；respective意为“各自的，分别的”；respectful意为“有礼貌的”。句意：下课后，他们回到各自的宿舍去了。10. 问答题The reason why James Bond movies are (A) so popular is (B) because (C) they combine the appeal of traditional spy (D) stories with the appeal of technological devices.【答案】试题答案：C; that【解析】考查名词性从句。The reason why.is that表语从句（的原因是）是

29、固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。11. 单选题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient t

30、o survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of dome

31、sticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner

32、of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this

33、 new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart

34、. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German invent

35、or in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time, its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the

36、 book as weve known it.1.The picture of the reading ability of the American people drawn by the author is （ ）.2.The authors biggest concern is（ ）.3.A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）.4.The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of prose or poem

37、 is（ ）.问题1选项A.fairly rightB.rather bleakC.very impressiveD.quite encouraging问题2选项A.elementary school childrens disinterest in reading classicsB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.SC.the musical setting American readers require for readingD.the reading ability and reading behavior of the

38、middle class问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV programsB.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD.their inability to focus on conflicting input问题4选项A.to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB.to analyze its essential featuresC

39、.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy.（我几乎没有必要引证所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）可知B选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But my own worry today is l

40、ess that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround th

41、e image of the classic act of reading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关）可知D选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an a

42、ccompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception.（有人认为，近80%的受过良好教育的青少年，在没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴下就无法阅读）和this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of appr

43、ehension and concentration（而在这种边阅读边在背景的干扰下进行理解的新方法使人们不可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解）可知C选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里）可

44、知A选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。12. 单选题It is through learning that the individual （ ）many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.acquiresB.achievesC.gainsD.retains【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。acquire意为“获得，取得”，指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等；achieve意为“取得”，指成就、目标、幸福的取得；gain意为“获得”，指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；retain意为“保持，保留”。句意：正是通过学习，个人才能获得处理

45、各种情况的习惯做法。13. 单选题（ ） for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.问题1选项A.Had it not beB.Were it notC.Be it notD.Should it not【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do；当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时，可将

46、连词if省略，把were, should, had置于句首。从句中的If it were not for the timely investment=Were it not for the timely investment，因此选B。句意：要不是广大公众的及时投资，我们公司不会像现在这样兴旺发达。14. 单选题Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is

47、probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways

48、for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has bee

49、n the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a b

50、etter future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a livin

51、g for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail, then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with thei

52、r home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage as men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community in pre-industrial times, while now it becomes customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the u

53、npaid work of the home and family to his wife.Also as employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has ce

54、rtainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the Utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.Research carried out in recent opinion polls shows that （ ）.2.The passage suggests that we should now reexamine

55、 our thinking about the future of work and（ ）.3.The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that（ ）.4.The effects of almost universal employment became overwhelming in that（ ）.5.The passage concludes that（ ）.问题1选项A.available employment should be restricted to a small percenta

56、ge of the populationB.new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC.available employment must be most widely distributed among the unemployedD.the present high unemployment figures are a fact of life问题2选项A.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of wor

57、kB.create more factories in order to increase our productivityC.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ othersD.be prepared to fill in time at home by taking up hobbies and leisure activities问题3选项A.universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperityB.economic freedom came w

58、ithin everyones graspC.patterns of work were fundamentally changedD.peoples attitudes to work had to be reserved问题4选项A.the household and village community disappeared completelyB.men now traveled enormous distances to their places of workC.young and old people became superfluous components of societ

59、yD.the work status of those not in paid employment suffered问题5选项A.the creation of jobs for all is an impossibilityB.we should help those whose jobs are only part-timeC.people should start to support themselves by learning a practical skillD.our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment

60、 are insufficient【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that. high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.（民意测验现在开始显示出一种不情愿的共识即高失业率很可能会持续下去。这意

61、味着我们必须设法更广泛地分享现有的就业机会）从民意调查结果可知现在失业率很高 ，现有的就业只能满足一小部分人口，因此选A。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的四个问句（我们是否应该继续把就业视为标准？难道我们不应该鼓励许多其他方式来尊重别人的工作吗？我们是否应该创造条件，让很多人可以为自己工作，而不是为雇主工作？难道我们的目标不应该是重振家庭和社区，以及工厂和办公室，作为生产和工作的中心吗？）可知我们应该改变以前的工作观念，被雇佣并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改变观念的具体例子，并不能概括其中心观点，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的it could offer the prospec

62、t of a better future for work（它可以为将来的工作提供更好的前景）可知与A选项“普遍就业实际上保证了繁荣”说法不符，工业时代只是提供一个好的工作机会，并不能保证繁荣；由Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom（如历史所示，普遍就业并不意味着经济自由）可知B选项“经济自由在每个人的掌握之中”说法不正确；由some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed（一些

63、工作模式上的变化可能会被保留）可知与D选项“人们对工作的态度必须保留”不符，通过排除法，因此选C。4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的as transport improved.eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived（随着交通的改善最终，许多人的工作失去了与他们的家庭生活和他们居住的地方的所有联系）可知人们可以到离家很远的地方工作，因此选B。5.推理判断题。文章最后一段的内容为：这一切现在可能必须改变。现在是时候把为所有人创造就业的乌托邦式目标的努力和资源，转变为帮助很多没有全职工作的人进行管理的紧迫的实际任务上来。乌托邦表示某些好的，但是无