2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第2期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题These seats are（ ）for old and sick people.问题1选项A.conservedB.deservedC.preservedD.reserved【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项conserved“保存，保全”；B选项deserved“值得”；C选项preserved“保藏”；D选项reserved“保留”。句意：这些座位是留给老人和病人的。be reserved for意为“为保留”，所以选项D符合句意。2. 翻译题Translate the following sen

2、tences into English夫妻财产同样属于共同财产。刑法不得溯及既往。法院驳回了原告的诉讼主张。他对债务负主要责任。本合同的任何改动或修正必须作为书面方能产生效力。【答案】Marital property is also part of the common property.The criminal law shall not be retroactive.The court rejected the plaintiffs claim.He was mainly responsible for the debt.Any changes or modification of thi

3、s contract must be written in order to be effective.3. 单选题Chinas resuming exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao is（ ）of Chinese prosperity.问题1选项A.indulgentB.indifferentC.indignantD.indicative【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项indulgent“放纵的，宽容的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的，中立的”；C选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；D选项 indicative“象

4、征的”。句意：中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权，象征着中国繁荣昌盛。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Platos Academy and Aristotles Lyceum had a mouseion. a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already col

5、lected detached works of art, many templesnotably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)-had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters. While paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The

6、Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture gallerie

7、s, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant Muses shrine.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasterieswhich focused on the goldenshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, mid later merchants

8、, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gemsoften antique engraved onesas well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they m

9、ultiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integra

10、l part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them-and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so tha

11、t displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections

12、. Soon they multiplied, and gradually, exemplary modem” works were also added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the ag

13、e of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of

14、the nineteenth century, museum funding tool off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-1nsel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Ktmsthistorisches and Naturhistoris

15、ches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of improving collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.1.The sentence Museum is a

16、slippery word in the first paragraph means that（ ）.2.The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from（ ）.3.the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined in the third paragraph means that（ ）.4.Paintings and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were（ ）.5.Mod

17、ern museums come into existence in order to（ ）.6.Which is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.the meaning of the word didnt change until after the 15th centuryB.the meaning of the word had changed over the yearsC.the Greeks held different concepts from the RomansD.princes and merchants added paintin

18、gs to their collections问题2选项A.the RomansB.FlorenceC.OlympiaD.Greek问题3选项A.there was a great demand for fakersB.fakers grew rapidly in numberC.fakers became more skillfulD.fakers became more polite问题4选项A.collected from elsewhereB.made part of the buildingsC.donated by peopleD.bought by churches问题5选项A.

19、protect royal and church treasuresB.improve existing collectionsC.stimulate public interestD.raise more funds问题6选项A.Collection and collectorsB.The evolution of museumsC.Modem museums and their functionsD.The birth of museums【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。slippery意为狡猾的，不稳定的。再根据下文的内容可以推

20、测，这里是指它的意思多年来已经改变了。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook.它最初的意思是(在希腊语中)献给缪斯女神的任何东西：一座小山、一座神殿、一座花园、一个节日，甚至是一本教科书。”由此可知选项D正确。3.语义题。根据原文句意：随着它们的增加和扩大，作为补充，造假者的技艺变得越来越精湛。选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“the

21、y were not collected either, but site-specific, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings.”它们不是被“收藏”，而是“特定场地的”，被认为是建筑不可或缺的一部分。选项B符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段中“the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries.”对皇室和教堂遗迹的愤怒促使古物学

22、家把它们（文物）藏在避难所的陈列室里。由此可知，是为了保护皇家和教堂的财富，选项A符合原文。6.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是“museum”一词的变化过程，所以选项B最能概括全文。5. 单选题The mental commodity most demand will be practical wisdom rather than specialized（ ）.问题1选项A.experimentB.expertiseC.witnessD.cleverness【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项experiment“达到，实现”；B选项 expertise“要求”；C选项witne

23、ss“获得，学到”；D选项cleverness“询问”。句意：人们最需要的精神产品将是实用的智慧，而不是小聪明。选项D更符合语境。6. 单选题According to the “hygiene hypothesis” first proposed in 1989, exposure to a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasitic worms early in life helps prime a childs immune system, much like sensory experiences program his brain. Witho

24、ut such early instruction, the immune system may go in disorder and overreact with allergies to foods, pollen and pet fur or turn on the bodys own tissue, setting off autoimmune disorders.Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years the so-called old friends

25、theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. “The vast majority of microbes are harmless. There are only a few dozen that can cause lethal infections.” says Thomas McDade, director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Research at Northwestern Unive

26、rsity.In 1998, about one in five children in industrialized countries suffered from allergic diseases such as asthma, allergies and rashes, according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, a global research initiative. The incidence of peanut allergy in the US tripled betwe

27、en 1997 and 2008, according to a report from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. But such diseases are still relatively rare in Africa and rural Asia. “The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distribution of various infectious d

28、iseases.” says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.Exposure to immune-stimulating germs may also lower the risk of heart disease, according to Dr. McDade. But there are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal faces. Michael Bell, an infectious disease specialist

29、and deputy director of Healthcare Quality Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. “If youre not doing it ten times a day

30、, youre probably not doing it enough.” he says. But he and other experts say that regular soap and water are fine in most cases. Sterilizing hands is critical mainly for health-care workers and in hospitals, where disease-causing germs are prevalent and can easily spread.Many experts advise common s

31、ense. “We dont want to say to children. OK, play by the dirty river bank and catch whatever you can.” says Dr. Weinstocks. But we can say theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to live in total sanitation, and they wont die from eating something off the floor. Its probabl

32、y more healthy than not.”1.The “hygiene hypothesis” proposed that exposure to various viruses and germs in early childhood（ ）.2.What if we live without any microorganisms?3.According to French researchers, the geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases（ ）.4.What does Michael Bell

33、suggest we do in daily life?5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.eliminates childhood diseases such as asthma and allergiesB.proves to be an important prevention against cancerC.proves to be necessary for the development of immune systemD.increases susceptibility to allergic and autoim

34、mune diseases问题2选项A.We will never be involved in the allergies.B.We will eradicate the outbreaks of many infectious diseases.C.We may miss an important part of human development.D.We may find no effective medical cure to many disease.问题3选项A.has nothing to do with that of various infectious diseasesB

35、.is exactly the same with that of various infectious diseasesC.is completely opposite to that of various infectious diseasesD.shows no comparability with that of various infectious diseases问题4选项A.Be careful about wound care.B.Wash hands within 10 times a day.C.Consult health-care workers.D.Sterilize

36、 your hands every day.问题5选项A.Children should be encouraged to play in dirty places.B.More efforts should be made in public health.C.Parents neednt worry about children playing in the dirt.D.Excessive cleanness is required at home but not outdoors.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“根据1

37、989年首次提出的“卫生假说”，儿童在早期的生活中接触各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫，有助于儿童的免疫系统做好准备，就像感官体验对大脑进行编程一样。”由此可推断，这个“卫生假说”证明了免疫系统发展的重要性，选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years the so-called “old friends” theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of hum

38、an development has been thrown off. 许多微生物在数百万年的时间里与人类共生进化，这就是所谓的“老朋友”理论。但是，在它们被根除的地方，人类发展的一个关键部分就被抛弃了。”选项C符合原文。3.判断推断题。根据关键词“French researchers”定位到第三段最后一句“The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distribution of various infectious diseas

39、es. says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.过敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各种传染病地理分布的一个镜像。一份由法国研究人员撰写的关于卫生假说的报告称。”镜像与原像是相反的，这里是说他们的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“Michael Bell”定位到倒数第二段第三句“Michael Bell, ., says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause

40、problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. Michael Bell表示，人们应该要注意伤口的护理，因为细菌一旦进入血液就会引发问题，他还提倡勤洗手。”选项A符合原文；选项B和D不符合原文描述；选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“. theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to live in total sanitation,.孩子们在泥土里玩耍没

41、有什么错，他们不必生活在完全卫生的环境中.”所以选项C“父母不必担心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。7. 单选题The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journal

42、ism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its contexts, and implications. Much of the how to material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journa

43、lism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but ver

44、y little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general tests as well as numerous research articles on interviewing other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of

45、 the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising f

46、or two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in the positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conduct

47、ed by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar similar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually bee

48、n interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by Television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requir

49、es thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.1.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?2.Much research has been done on interviews in general,（ ）.3.Most of the Westerners may not have been interviewed by the mass media（ ）.4.It is most likely that the passage is part

50、of（ ）.问题1选项A.Personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews.B.Concepts and journalistic interviews.C.Priority should be give to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.D.Contextual implications and general principles should be the main concern.

51、问题2选项A.and the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.B.but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedC.so the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentionD.so there has been a dramatic growth in the study of jou

52、rnalistic interviewing问题3选项A.and they dont hope to have the chance to be interviewed.B.and they would like to have a true understanding of itC.though most of them wish to stay away from it.D.though they are familiar with the journalistic interview.问题4选项A.a news articleB.a prefaceC.a journalistic int

53、erviewD.a research report【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者首先提出关于采访的重要性和重点的书籍都是强调的如何做采谈，而不是采访的概念及其系统的研究，最后作者提出“新闻和其他领域一样，可以从系统的专业实践学习到很多东西。”也就是说，对新闻采访的系统研究应放在首位。所以选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的三四句“Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journ

54、alistic interview. 不幸的是，这些关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访。”选项B符合原文，所以正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容“First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in the positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. 首先，现代西方社会的大多数人似乎比其他任何形式的采访都更熟悉新闻

55、采访，至少是以一种积极的方式。”选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后一句“Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. 即便如此，如本书所述，要真正理解新闻采访，尤其是电视采访，需要深思熟虑的分析甚至研究。”由此可以推断，这篇文章是前言的一部分。选项B正确。8. 单选题Go to inspect all th

56、e parts to find what was at （ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。四个选项都表示错误或问题的意思，但是题干中的介词是at，只有选项C能与之搭配。选项A的搭配为“be+wrong”，选项B和D和介词in搭配，所以选项C正确。句意：去检查所有的部件，看看哪里出了问题。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题With the development of international trade, an international medium of exchange is required. From

57、the late 1800s until World War I, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an international currency. This system provided an automatic correction for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquid

58、ity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerably to short-term changes in the gold supply.After the financial stability of the 1930s，the international monetary system was re-built following World War II on the gold-exchange standard. The values

59、 of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the US dollar, reserves were kept in dollars, which would be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price ($35 an ounce until 1968). The International Monetary Fund, a key institution set up under this system, makes international loans with capit

60、al subscribed by its members, which include most noncommunist states. Voting rights are proportional to the amounts subscribed. The IMF has been able, through its loans, to stabilize fluctuating currencies and to influence the internal financial policies of recipient countries, a frequently criticiz

61、ed practice.The success of the gold exchange standard, however, depended on the superior position of the US in world trade. In the 1960s, continual balance payments deficits lowered US gold reserves and fatally undermined the system. In 1968 a two-tiered system was adopted. Government banks maintain

62、ed a fixed gold price, while none governmental buyers traded freely. Simultaneously, non-dollar special drawing right were assigned to IMF members in proportion to their contributions. But these changes didnt relieve the strain on the US dollar. In 1971 President Richard Nixon announced that dollars

63、 would no longer automatically be exchanged for gold, and since then there has been no single international monetary standard.1.Since World War II the international monetary system has shown an overall trend toward（ ）.2.The reason why the gold standard had limited liquidity is probable because（ ）.3.The gold-exchange standard differs from the gold standard in that（ ）.问题1选项A.greater centralize control of world trade.B.trying the value of world currencies rather than the value of gold supplyC.increasingly sta