2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第20期

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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题All the parts of this washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.modernizedC.mechanizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项normalized“标准化的，正常化的，常规化的”；B选项modernized“现代化的”；C选项mechanized“机械化的”；D选项standardized“标准化的，规范化的”。

2、根据句意“这台洗衣机的所有部件都是标准化的，更换起来非常方便。”这里是说零件是合乎标准的，规范化的，所以选项D最恰当。2. 单选题Many American women are making（ ）themselves in the business world.问题1选项A.a name ofB.a name forC.a name withD.a name out of【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。make a name for oneself意为“成名，出名”。所以选项B正确。3. 单选题Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are

3、 not working to their full（ ）.问题1选项A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。capacity“能力，容量”；strength“力量，力气”；length“长度”；possibility“可能性”。句意：不出去工作的家庭主妇感到没有充分发挥自己的能力。A项符合题意。4. 单选题Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into（ ） ones.问题1选项A

4、.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。5. 单选题Many people are asking whether traditional research universities in fact have any future（ ）.问题1选项A.at allB.so farC.in allD

5、.on end【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。at all“根本，究竟”；so far“到目前为止”；in all“总共，合计”；on end“竖着，连续着”。句意：许多人在询问，传统的研究型大学实际上到底还有没有前途。A项符合题意。6. 单选题The Prime Minister was followed by five or six（ ） when he got off the plane.问题1选项A.laymenB.servantsC.directorD.attendants【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。laymen“非专业人员”；servant“仆人，佣人”；director“主任

6、，主管”；attendant“服务员，侍者”。句意：首相下飞机后，五六个仆人跟随。B项符合题意。7. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.农历十二月初八是中国的传统节日腊八节，腊代表中国农历的十二月，而八是数字“八”的发音，因此，这个节日被称为腊八节。关于腊八起源的传说有很多，我们已经不能辨其真假。时至今日，我们确定的是这个节日起初是为了祭祀祖先，祈求丰收。从传统上讲，腊八粥是腊八节最重要的元素。粥要熬制数小时，然后作为祭品

7、祭献给祖先。【答案】The Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar. La is the name given to the 12th lunar month and 8 is pronounced as ba in Chinese, which translated is Laba. There are several legends about the origin of thi

8、s festivity and we could not tell which one is true. But what we know today is that this festival started as a sacrificial offering to ancestors. It was also a time for the ancient Chinese to pray to heaven and earth that there would be a bountiful harvest. Traditionally, the Laba rice porridge is t

9、he most important element of the festival. The porridge must be boiled for many hours and then offered as a sacrifice to the ancestors.8. 单选题As one of the worlds highest paid models, she had her face（ ）for five million dollars.问题1选项A.depositedB.assuredC.measuredD.insured【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。deposit“存放，使沉

10、积”；assure“保证”；measure“测量，估量”；insure“确保，保证，给保险”。句意；作为世界上收入最高的模特之一，她给她的脸投了五百万的保险。D项符合题意。9. 单选题With the help of the government, a large number of people （ ）after the flood in 1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。survive“幸存”；suspend“延缓，推迟”；suffer“遭遇”；subject“使臣服”。句意：在政府帮助下

11、，有很多人在1991年的那场洪涝灾害中幸存了下来。A项符合题意。10. 单选题I hate people who（ ） the end of a film that you havent seen before.问题1选项A.revealB.rewriteC.reviseD.reverse【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。reveal“揭示，揭露，显露”；rewrite“重写，改写”；revise“修订，复习”；reverse“颠倒，撤销，反转”。句意：我讨厌别人泄露我还没看过的电影的结局。A项符合题意。11. 单选题His speech was careful and（ ）, but his

12、words seemed to make no sense.问题1选项A.distinctB.distractC.distinguishableD.diligent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项distinct“清楚的，明显的，独特的”；B选项distract“转移，分心”；C选项distinguishable“可区分的”；D选项diligent“勤勉的，用功的”。根据句意“他的讲话仔细而清晰，但这些言语似乎毫无意义。”选项A符合句意。12. 单选题Can you find（ ） at the hotel for the night?问题1选项A.lodgingsB.accommod

13、ationsC.placesD.houses【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。lodging“寄宿”；accommodation“住处，膳宿”；place“地方”；house“住宅，家庭”。句意：你今晚能在酒店找到地方住吗？B项符合题意。13. 单选题Hes watching TV? Hes（ ） to be cleaning his room.问题1选项A.knownB.supposedC.regardedD.considered【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。be supposed to do sth“应该做某事，被期望做某事”；句意：他在看电视吗？他本应该在打扫房间的。B项符合题意。14.

14、 单选题All the memories of his childhood had（ ） from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fade“褪色，逐渐消失”；illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；confine“限制，紧闭”；concern“影响，牵挂，关系到，涉及”。句意：他大脑中童年时代的所有记忆在他65岁时都逐渐模糊。A项符合题意。15. 单选题I bumped my head on the doorpost and now a（

15、）has come up.问题1选项A.lumpB.knobC.pumpD.bubble【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项lump“肿块”；B选项knob“瘤”；C选项pump“泵”；D选项bubble“气泡”。句意：我的头撞在了门柱上，现在肿了起来。选项A符合语境。16. 单选题He knows little of mathematics,（ ） of physics.问题1选项A.as well asB.no less thanC.and still lessD.and still little【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项as well as“也”；B选项no less th

16、an“不少于，多达”；C选项and still less“更不用说”；D选项and still little“还小”。句意：他几乎不懂数学，更不用说物理了。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题There is no（ ） to the house from the main road.问题1选项A.accessB.avenueC.exposureD.edge【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。access“通道，机会”；avenue“林荫大道，方法”；exposure“暴露”；edge“边缘”。句意：没有通道从主路通往那个房子。A项符合题意。18. 单选题My brothers plans are ve

17、ry（ ）; he wants to master English, French and Spanish before he is sixteen.问题1选项A.arbitraryB.aggressiveC.ambitiousD.abundant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武断的，专制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有进取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“丰富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的计划很有野心，他想在16岁前掌握英语，法语和西班牙语。C项符合题意。19. 单选题Dogs are social animals a

18、nd without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wron

19、g thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesnt solve all b

20、ehavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. Wh

21、en your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most d

22、ogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of f

23、reedom than an untrained animal.1.Behavior problems of dogs are believed to（ ）.2.The primary purpose of obedience training is to（ ）.3.Effective communication between a dog and its owner is（ ）.4.Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?5.When a dog has received effective obedience tra

24、ining, its owner（ ）.问题1选项A.be just part of their natureB.worsen in modern societyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat to the community问题2选项A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owners authorityC.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD.enable the dog t

25、o regain its normal behavior问题3选项A.essential to solving the dogs behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training问题4选项A.To avoid being punishedB.To show their affection for their mastersC.To win leadership o

26、f the dog packD.To show their willingness to obey问题5选项A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will enjoy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedomD.will have more confidence in himself【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will beha

27、ve like wild animals. 狗是群居动物，如果没有适当的训练，它们会表现得像野生动物一样。”可知狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段和第二段“The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. Obedience training doesnt solve all b

28、ehavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. 防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题，但它是解决任何问题的基础。可知服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段最后一句“Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. 有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想

29、要它做的事情是必要的。”可知B项“是狗执行任务的基础”正确。4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. 大多数狗狗喜欢为你表演一些小把戏，让你愉快地接受你是主人的事实。”可知D项正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 一条受过良好训练的狗比未受过训练的动物更有信心，也能更安全地获得更多的自由。”可知C项正确。20. 单选题As soon as the boy was able to earn his own living he（ ） his parents strict rules.问题1选项A.defiedB.refutedC.excludedD.vetoed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。defy“藐视，不服从”；refute“反驳，驳斥”；exclude“排除，排斥”；veto“否决，禁止”。句意：这个男孩能够自己谋生之后就不服从他父母的那些严厉的规则了。A项符合题意。