2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第192期

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1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Some disputes among these countries are _ by history.问题1选项A.left overB.turned overC.handed overD.taken over【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. left over 留下 B. turned over 移交给；翻阅；反复考虑C. handed over （把某事）交给负责 D. taken over 接管；接替【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析与语义衔接【解题思路】空格处前后语义为“这些国家之间的一些争端是被历史_”，由

2、此可知，与空格处所填短语搭配的是“国家间的一些争端”和“历史”，A选项left over“留下”最符合原句语义衔接，指“被历史遗留下来的争端”。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】这些国家之间的一些争端是历史遗留下来的。2. 单选题Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty creatin

3、g structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive consumers of mass culture and active producers of a “counterculture”, as participants in the informal economy, as inventions of survival strategies, as an economic burden and as a res

4、erve army of laborto mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research.The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty research as the

5、 poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions (and om

6、issions) upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As poverty emerged and was reproduced, legal frameworks were created to contain the problems it caused with profound, and largely unknown, consequences for the poor themselves. In general, politic

7、al, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even damage the interests of the poor. In constructing a physical infrastructure for transport, industry, trade and tourism, the settlements of the poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and exposed to pollution, noise and

8、crowding.Most important are the economic functions of poverty, as, for lack of other options the poor are forced to perform activities considered degrading or unclean. The poor are more likely to buy second-hand goods and leftover foodstuffs, thus prolonging their economic utility. They are likely t

9、o use the services of low-quality doctors, teachers and lawyers whom the non-poor shy away from. Poverty and the poor serve an important symbolic function, in reminding citizens of the lot that may befall those who do not heed the values of thrift, diligence and cleanliness, and of the constant thre

10、at that the rough, the immoral and the violent represent for the rest of society.Physically, the poor and the non-poor are kept apart, through differential land use and ghettoization. Socially, they are separated through differential participation in the labor market, the consumption economy, and in

11、 political, social and cultural institutions. Conceptually, they are divided through stereotyping and media clich. This separation is even more pronounced between the elites and the poor.1. According to the author, studying the elites also sheds light on poverty research because _.2. While social sc

12、ientists are devoting much of their effort to poverty research, _.3. In the eyes of the society, _.4. The word “pronounced” in the last sentence of the passage probably means _.5. In the passage, the author is mainly concerned with _.问题1选项A.they are also members of the same society as the poorB.they

13、 play an important role in creating and reproducing povertyC.solution of the poverty problem is at their mercyD.they know the living conditions of the poor better than other groups问题2选项A.not enough legal frameworks have been created to relieve the condition of the poorB.they have done little to actu

14、ally provide relief programs for the poorC.they ignore the role of the elites as an object for poverty researchD.the poor people themselves do not much appreciate such effort问题3选项A.the poor tend to symbolize what lazy and evil people turn out to beB.the poor are not worthy of the sympathy the societ

15、y shows themC.economic prejudice is more of an obstacle to the solution of povertyD.the non-poor should show more sympathy for the poor问题4选项A.sympatheticB.conspicuousC.identifiableD.unbridgeable问题5选项A.analyzing a problemB.providing a solutionC.defining a situationD.outlining a proposal【答案】第1题:B第2题:C

16、第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】According to the author, studying the elites also sheds light on poverty research because _. 根据作者的说法，研究精英阶层也有助于贫困研究，因为_。A. they are also members of the same society as the poor A. 他们和穷人是同一个社会的成员B. they play an important role in creating and reproducing poverty B. 他们在制造和再

17、造贫穷方面发挥着重要作用C. solution of the poverty problem is at their mercy C. 贫困问题的解决取决于他们D. they know the living conditions of the poor better than other groups D. 他们比其他群体更了解穷人的生活条件【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词the elites和poverty research定位到原文第二段第一句，该句提到“精英阶层在贫困产生和再生中的作用（their functions in the emergence and re

18、production of poverty），与穷人本身一样，都是贫困研究中有趣而重要的研究对象（an object for poverty research）。”由此可知，研究精英阶层也有助于贫困研究，是因为他们在贫困产生和再生中的作用是贫困研究的研究对象。因此，B选项“他们在制造和再造贫穷方面发挥着重要作用”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们和穷人是同一个社会的成员”，原文并未提及，且与题干无关，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“贫困问题的解决取决于他们”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“他们比其他群体更了解穷人的生活条件”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。第2题:【选项释义】Wh

19、ile social scientists are devoting much of their effort to poverty research, _. 虽然社会科学家们正致力于贫困研究，但是_。A. not enough legal frameworks have been created to relieve the condition of the poor A. 没有建立足够的法律框架来缓解穷人的状况B. they have done little to actually provide relief programs for the poor B. 他们几乎没有为穷人提供实际的

20、救济项目C. they ignore the role of the elites as an object for poverty research C. 他们忽视了精英阶层作为贫困研究对象的作用D. the poor people themselves do not much appreciate such effort D. 穷人自己并不怎么感激这种努力【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词poverty research定位到原文第一、二段。原文第一段介绍了“贫困研究的一些关注点（some of the preoccupations of poverty resear

21、ch）”；第二段第一句提到“精英阶层（The elites）在贫困产生和再生产中的作用，是贫困研究的研究对象（an object for poverty research）”；第二句提到“精英们对穷人和贫困的印象（images of the poor and of poverty）影响了他们的决策和行动”；第三句提到“到目前为止，人们对这些形象知之甚少（little is known about those images）”。综上所述，关于“精英们对穷人和贫困的印象”，社会科学家们了解得很少，那么关于“这些印象对精英们决策和行动的影响作用”的研究也很少，即社会科学家们很少研究精英阶层在贫困产生

22、和再生产中的作用。因此，C选项“他们忽视了精英阶层作为贫困研究对象的作用”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“没有建立足够的法律框架来缓解穷人的状况”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“他们几乎没有为穷人提供实际的救济项目”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“穷人自己并不怎么感激这种努力”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。第3题:【选项释义】In the eyes of the society, _. 在社会的眼中，_。A. the poor tend to symbolize what lazy and evil people turn out to be A. 穷人往往代表着

23、懒惰和邪恶的人B. the poor are not worthy of the sympathy the society shows them B. 穷人不值得社会对他们的同情C. economic prejudice is more of an obstacle to the solution of poverty C. 经济偏见更多的是解决贫困问题的障碍D. the non-poor should show more sympathy for the poor D. 非穷人应该对穷人表示更多的同情【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词the society定位到原文第三

24、段。本段最后一句提到“贫穷和穷人发挥着重要的象征作用，它提醒公民，如果不遵守（do not heed）节俭、勤奋和爱干净的（thrift, diligence and cleanliness）价值观，将会遭遇厄运，并提醒他们粗鲁、不道德和暴力（the rough, the immoral and the violent）对社会构成的持续威胁。”由此可知，在社会的眼中，穷人的形象是“不节俭、不勤奋、不爱干净、粗鲁、不道德、暴力”，因此，A选项“穷人往往代表着懒惰和邪恶的人”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“穷人不值得社会对他们的同情”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“经济偏见更多的是解决

25、贫困问题的障碍”。原文虽然提到了穷人被迫从事一些有辱人格或不干净的工作，也只能享受得起质量不高的服务，但是，原文并没有说，在社会看来，这是解决贫困问题的障碍，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“非穷人应该对穷人表示更多的同情”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。第4题:【选项释义】The word “pronounced” in the last sentence of the passage probably means _. 文章最后一句中的“pronounced”可能是_的意思。A. sympathetic A. 同情的B. conspicuous B. 出色的C. identifiable C

26、. 可辨认的D. unbridgeable D. 无法弥合的【答案】C【考查点】词汇推测题【解题思路】根据题干关键词pronounced和the last sentence定位到原文最后一句，该句提到“在精英和穷人之间，这种分离更为_。”由此可知，pronounced修饰的是“分离”。前文讲的是穷人和非穷人在物理、社会以及概念上的分离，而定位句讲的是精英与穷人之间的分离，根据常识，这种分离应该是更明显的。另外，pronounced的本意是“明显的”，因此，C选项“可辨认的”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“同情的”、B选项“出色的”、D选项“无法弥合的”，不符合原文语义衔接。第5题:【选项释义

27、】In the passage, the author is mainly concerned with _. 在本文中，作者主要关注的是_。A. analyzing a problem A. 分析问题B. providing a solution B. 提供解决办法C. defining a situation C. 明确一个状况D. outlining a proposal D. 概述一项提议【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】原文第一段主要内容，研究人员对穷人进行了研究并列出了贫困研究的一些关注点；第二段主要内容，精英阶层在贫困产生和再生中的作用也是贫困研究的研究对象，但是精英们很

28、可能会忽视或否认他们自己的行为（和疏漏）对穷人生活条件的外部影响，接着介绍了一些不好的影响；第三段主要内容，贫穷的经济功能；第四段的主要内容，穷人与非穷人（以及精英）之间的分离。综上所述，本文主要围绕贫困研究的研究对象之一精英阶层在贫困产生和再生中的作用展开，着重介绍了精英们的行为的影响下，穷人及贫困的现状。因此，C选项“明确一个状况”更符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“分析问题”，虽然说原文“明确精英们的行为的影响下，穷人及贫困的现状”也算是在分析贫困问题，但是C选项“明确一个状况”表述更准确，作者主要关注的是贫困问题研究中的这一个现状。如果说作者主要关注的是分析问题的话，就会详细分析这个问题

29、的原因、解决办法等，而原文并没有这么做，该选项属于推理过度。B选项“提供解决办法”，原文并未提出任何解决办法，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“概述一项提议”，原文并未提出任何提议，该选项属于无中生有。3. 单选题They _ themselves _ the politician because they hoped he would become president one day. At last he did.问题1选项A.connectedwithB.combinedwithC.linkedwithD.attachedto【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. connectedwith 与某

30、人有联系 B. combinedwith 使结合；兼有C. linkedwith 把连接起来；有联系 D. attachedto （ yourself to sb）和某人在一起，依附于某人【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与短语辨析【解题思路】空格部分语义为“_他们自己_政治家”，后文提到“因为希望他有一天能成为总统。最后他做到了。”由此推断，他们应该是跟随有可能成为总统的政治家，D选项attachedto“（ yourself to sb）和某人在一起，依附于某人”符合要求；另外，原文的形式_ themselves _ the politician也与D选项的常用形式相符合。因此，本题最佳选项为D

31、。【干扰项排除】A选项connectedwith“与某人有联系”，语义和形式没有D选项恰当；B选项combinedwith“使结合；兼有”，不符合原句语义衔接；C选项linkedwith“把连接起来；有联系”，语义和形式没有D选项恰当。【句意】他们依附于那位政治家，因为他们希望他有一天能成为总统。最后他做到了。4. 单选题It was recommended that they _ for the doctor.问题1选项A.waitB.would waitC.waitedD.should have waited【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. wait 等待 B. would wait 等

32、待C. waited 等待 D. should have waited 等待【答案】A【考查点】虚拟语气【解题思路】本题考查的是虚拟语气的使用情况之一：表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句通常使用虚拟语气，其形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。本题为表示建议的主语从句，空格处所填的内容为从句的谓语，因此需要使用“（should）+动词原形”，A选项wait“等待”符合要求。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合该虚拟语气的结构要求。【句意】有人建议他们等医生。5. 单选题The author of the report is well _

33、 with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.问题1选项A.informedB.acquaintedC.enlightenedD.acknowledged【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. informed （ of/about sth）通知；了解 B. acquainted （ sb with）熟悉；了解C. enlightened 启发；阐明 D. acknowledged 承认；感谢【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“报告的作者”，后接的介词

34、为with，宾语为“医院里的问题”，根据后文“他已经在那里工作多年了”可知，该作者应该是对医院的问题很熟悉、很了解，B选项acquainted“熟悉；了解”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项informed“通知；了解”，与原文介词搭配不当；C选项enlightened“启发；阐明”，不符合原文语义衔接；D选项acknowledged“承认；感谢”，不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】该报告的作者对医院里的问题很熟悉，因为他已经在那里工作多年了。6. 单选题She considered herself always in the right, and _ anybodys suggestion.问题1选项

35、A.skimpedB.sent downC.sneered atD.submitted to【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. skimped 节省；克扣 B. sent down 开除C. sneered at 嘲笑；蔑视 D. submitted to 屈服于【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“_任何人的建议”，由前文“她认为自己总是对的”可知，她是一个骄傲自大的人，因此不屑于听取别人的建议，C选项sneered at“嘲笑；蔑视”符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】她认为自己总是对的，对任何人的建议都嗤之以鼻。7. 单选题N

36、either of the young men who had applied for the position in the university _.问题1选项A.has been acceptedB.have been acceptedC.was acceptedD.were accepted【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. has been accepted 已经被录取 B. have been accepted 已经被录取C. was accepted 被录取 D. were accepted 被录取【答案】C【考查点】主谓一致与时态一致【解题思路】本句主语为neither of

37、the young men，neither做主语时谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，但是用单数更正式，单选题中单复数同时出现，选择单数形式为最佳；另外，原文中定语从句部分使用了过去完成时（had applied），因此主句部分也应使用一个过去的时态，通常是一般过去时。因此，C选项was accepted“被录取”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项has been accepted时态不对，现在完成时是表示现在的时态；B选项have been accepted，复数没有单数合适，时态也不对；D选项were accepted，复数没有单数合适。【句意】两个申请这个大学的职位的年轻人都没有被录取。8. 单

38、选题Some of the state university are general universities providing all _ and all types of instruction.问题1选项A.fashionsB.facilityC.falsitiesD.faculties【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. fashions 时尚 B. facility 设施C. falsities 虚伪 D. faculties （高等院校的）系；学院【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“一些州立大学是提供所有_和各类教学的普通大学。”空格处所填词前有all修

39、饰，所以该词为复数，并且与“各类教学”并列，D选项faculties“（高等院校的）系；学院”最符合语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项fashions“时尚”，为faculties的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；B选项facility“设施”，名词单数，与all搭配不当，且没有“学院”语义衔接紧密；C选项falsities“虚伪”，为faculties的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】一些州立大学是提供各个系和各类教学的普通大学。9. 翻译题Advice is offensive, not because it lays us open to unexpected regret, or co

40、nvicts us of any fault which had escaped our notice, but because it shows us that we are known to others as well as to ourselves; and 1. the officious monitor is persecuted with hatred, not because his accusation is false, but because he assumes that superiority which we are not willing to grant him

41、, and has dared to detect what we desired to conceal.For this reason, advice is commonly ineffectual. 2. If those who follow the call of their desires, without inquiry where they are going, had deviated ignorantly from the paths of wisdom, and were rushing upon dangers unforeseen, they would readily

42、 listen to information that recalls them from their errors and catch the first alarm by which destruction or infamy is denounced. Few that wander in the wrong way mistake it for the right; they only find it more smooth and flowery, and indulge their own choice rather than approve it; therefore few a

43、re persuaded to quit it by admonition or reproof, since it impresses no new conviction, nor confers how any power or action or resistance. He that is gravely informed how soon profusion will annihilate his fortune, hears with little advantage what he knew before, and catches at the next occasion of

44、expense, because advice has no force to suppress his vanity. 3. He that is told how certainly intemperance will hurry him to the grave, runs with his usual speed to a new course of luxury, because his reason is not invigorated, nor his appetite weakened.4. The mischief of Flattery is, not that it pe

45、rsuades any man that he is what he is not, but that it suppresses the influence of honest ambition, by raising an opinion that honor may be gained without the toil of merit, and the benefit of advice arises commonly, not from any new light imparted to the mind, but from the discovery which it afford

46、s, of public suffrages.As we all know our own faults, and know them commonly with many aggravation which human perspicacity cannot discover, there is, perhaps, no man, however hardened by impudence or dissipated by levity, sheltered by hypocrisy, or blasted by disgrace, who does not intend some time

47、 to review his conduct and to regulate the remainder of his life by the law of virtues. New temptation indeed attack him, new invitations are offered by pleasure and interest and the hour of reformation is always delayed, 5. every delay gives vice another opportunity of fortifying itself of habit; a

48、nd the change of manners, though sincerely intended and rationally planned, is referred to the time when some craving passion shall be fully gratified, or some powerful allurement cease its importunity.【答案】1. 爱管闲事的监督员容易被人记恨，不是因为他的指责是错误的，而是因为他具有我们不愿意让他有的优势，并且他敢于查明我们想要隐瞒的东西。2. 有些人按照自己的意愿行事，没有人询问他们要去哪里

49、，如果这些人不知不觉偏离了正途，正冲向不可预见的危险，他们会很乐意听取那些能让他们从错误中醒悟过来的建议，并且捕捉到让他们免于毁灭或恶行的第一声警告。3. 如果一个人被告知没有节制的生活必然会加速他走向坟墓的步伐，他还是会以他平常的速度奔向新的奢靡之路，因为他的理智没有被激发，他的胃口也没有被减弱。4. 谄媚的危害，不在于它使人相信他是他自己并不是的那种人，而在于它抑制了真实抱负的影响，因为它使人产生这样一种观点：荣誉不需要付出努力就能获得。5. 每一次拖延，都是在为缺点发展成恶习提供机会。虽然诚心改过，也有合理的计划，但是，只有在某种热切的渴望得到充分满足，或者某种强烈的诱惑停止纠缠时，改过

50、自新的行为才能落实。10. 单选题What, can rigid, cold calculating mathematics possibly have in common with subtle, creative, lofty, imaginative art? This question faithfully mirrors the state of mind of most people, even of most educated people, when they regard the numbers and symbols that populate the world of m

51、athematics. But the great leaders of mathematics thought have frequently and repeatedly asserted that the object of their pursuit is just as much an art as it is a science, and perhaps even fine art. Maxime Bocher, eminent mathematician living at the beginning of last century, wrote, “I like to look

52、 at mathematics almost more as an art than as a science; for the activity of the mathematician, constantly creating as he is, guided although not controlled by the external world of the senses, bears a resemblance, not fanciful, I believe, but real, to the activities of the artistof a painter, let u

53、s say. Rigorous deductive reasoning on the part of the mathematician may be likened here to the technical skill in drawing on the part of the painter. Just as one cannot become a painter without a certain amount of skill, so no one can become a mathematician without the power to reason accurately up

54、 to a certain point.“Yet these qualities, fundamental though they are, do not make a painter or a mathematician worthy of the name, nor indeed are they the most important factors in the case. Other qualities of a far more subtle sort, chief among which in both cases is imagination, go into the makin

55、g of a good artist or a good mathematician.”If mathematics wants to lay claim to being an art, however, it must show that it possesses and makes use of at least some of the elements that go to make up the things of beauty. Is not imagination, creative imagination, the most essential element of an ar

56、t? Let us take a geometric object, such as the circle. To the ordinary man, this is the rim of a wheel, perhaps with spokes in it. Elementary geometry has crowded this simple figure with radii (半径), chords, sectors, tangents (切线), diameters, inscribed and circumscribed polygons, and so on.Here you h

57、ave already an entire geometrical world created from a very rudimentary beginning. These and other miracles are undeniable proof of the creative power of the mathematician; and, as if this were not enough, the mathematician allows the whole circle to “vanish”, declares it to be imaginary, then keeps

58、 on toying with his new creation in much the same way and with much the same gusto (爱好，兴趣) as he did with the innocent little thing you allowed him to start out with. And all this, remember please, is just elementary plane geometry. Truly, the creative imagination displayed by the mathematician has

59、nowhere been exceeded, nor even paralleled, and I would make bold to say, not even closely approached anywhere else.In many ways mathematics exhibits the same elements of beauty that are generally acknowledged to be the essence of poetry. First, let us consider a minor point: the poet arranges his w

60、ritings on the page in verse. His poem first appeals to the eye before it reaches the ear or the mind; and similarly, the mathematician lines up his formulas and equations so that their form may make an aesthetic impression. Some mathematicians are given to this love of arranging and exhibiting thei

61、r equations to a degree that borders on a fault. Trigonometry, a branch of elementary mathematics particularly rich in formulas, offers some curious groups of them, curious in their symmetry and their arrangement.The superiority of poetry over other forms of verbal expression lies first in the symbo

62、lism used in poetry, and secondly in its extreme condensation and economy of words. Take a poem of universally acknowledged merit, say Shelleys poem “To Night”. Here is the second stanza: Wrap thy form in a mantle gray, star-in wrought! Blind with thine heir the eyes of Day; Kiss her until she be we

63、aried out; Then wander our city, and sea, and land; touching all with thine opiate wandCome, long-sought!Taken literally, all this is, of course, sheer nonsense and nothing else. Night has no hair, night does not wear any clothes, and night is not an illicit peddler or narcotics. But is there anybody balmy enough to take the words of the poet literally? The words here are only comparisons, only symbols. For the sake of condensation the poet doesnt bother stating that his symb