2022年考博英语-西南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第8期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems and ideologies can join hands in meeting the common challenges to human and （ ）development.问题1选项A.evolutionB.survivalC.rivalryD.dignity【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Evolution “进化”; survival “生存”; rivalry “

2、竞争”; dignity “尊严，高尚”。句意：历史证明：在面临人类生存与发展时，不同社会体系和意识形态的国家都可以并肩作战。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题One of the pleasantest things in the world is going on a journey: but I like to do it myself can enjoy society in a room, but out of doors, nature is company for me. I am then never less alone than when alone. I cannot see

3、the wit of walking and talking at the same time. When I am in the country, I wish to vegetate like the country. I like solitude, when I give myself up to it, for the sake of solitude; nor do I ask for a friend in my retreat, whom I may whisper sweet. Give me the clear blue sky over my head, and the

4、green turf beneath my feet, a winding road before me, and a three hours march to dinner and I begin to feel, think, and be myself again. Instead of an awkward silence, broken by attempts at wit or dull commonplaces, mine is that undisturbed silence of the heart which alone is perfect eloquence.Other

5、s have different opinions. Let me have a companion of myself: says the novelist Lawrence Sterne, were it but to remark how the shadows lengthen as the sun declines It is beautifully said: but in my opinion, this continual comparing of notes interferes with the involuntary impression of things upon t

6、he mind and dilutes the experience. If you have to explain what you feel, it is making a tool of a pleasure. You cannot read the book of nature without being perpetually put to the trouble of translating it for the benefit of others.There is one subject on which it is pleasant to talk on a journey.

7、I grant, and that is. What one shall have for supper when we get to our inn at night. Every mile of the road heightens the flavor of the meal we expect at the end of it. How fine is it to enter some old town, walled and turreted, just at approach of nightfall, or to come to some straggling village,

8、with the lights steaming through the surrounding gloom; and then after inquiring for the best entertainment that the place affords, to take ones ease at ones inn !These eventful moments in our lives history are too precious, too foil of solid, heart-felt happiness to be frittered and dribbled away i

9、n solitude.1.The author of the passage would agree with which of the following statements about traveling alone?2.The statement in lines 2-3( I am. alone )is an example of （ ）.3.Steme mentions the shadows (line 11) as an example of a（ ）.4.In the last paragraph of this passage, the author does which

10、of the following?5.The physical description of the “town(line 18) and village” (line 19) primarily convey a sense of （ ）.问题1选项A.Its enjoyment is largely a matter of personal inclinationB.Its difficulties are easily underestimated by inexperienced traveler.C.It enables one to make much better time th

11、an when traveling with a companionD.It is not as much fun as traveling with another person问题2选项A.an apologyB.a metaphorC.a paradoxD.a euphemism问题3选项A.specialized insight that only a seasoned traveler can bring to bear on a situationB.observation that travelers might enjoy sharing nonethelessC.though

12、tless comment that travelers are apt to make to their guidesD.beautiful sight that cannot be communicated accurately to those who do not travel frequently问题4选项A.admits to a sudden change of heartB.notes an exception to a previously stated preferenceC.expresses regret about an overly sweeping general

13、izationD.points out a common misconception问题5选项A.foreboding isolationB.rural povertyC.eccentric customD.provincial charm【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段提到作者喜欢一个人住，就算到了户外，自然这个伴侣对他来说也已经足够（but out of doors, nature is company for me），文章第二段第一句提到其他人有不同观点（Others have different opinions）。选项A符合题意。2.文

14、章第一段第二句话I am then never less alone than when alone提到那时候我虽然身体上是孤独的，但是我从不觉得孤独。选项C “似是而非的隽语”，表示貌似矛盾，实际上蕴含了人生哲理，符合题意。3.文章第二段第二句话Let me have a companion of myself: says the novelist Lawrence Sterne, were it but to remark how the shadows lengthen as the sun declines提到斯特恩曾讲过“哪怕那个陪伴我的人只讲一些太阳落山，影子变斜之类的话都可以”。

15、但是在作者看来，这种做法会破坏一个人对自然的感受，影响心绪。因此，作者提到“阴影”这个例子是为了说明伴侣之间的行处话题，选项B “旅行者仍然可能喜欢分享”符合题意。4.作者在前文中提到喜欢旅行独处，因为不断交换意见会扰乱心神，但是最后一段中提到旅途中有一个话题是很愉快的，那就是就餐问题（There is one subject on which it is pleasant to talk on a journey. I grant, and that is. What one shall have for supper when we get to our inn at night），这就是

16、上文中独处不语的例外。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到能够进入到一个小镇是一件令人愉快的事，可以领略到不同的风土人情（How fine is it to enter some old town, walled and turreted, just at approach of nightfall, or to come to some straggling village, with the lights steaming through the surrounding gloom; and then after inquiring for the best entertainment t

17、hat the place affords）。可知，小镇跟村庄的描绘传达的是乡土魅力，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题In the new age of employment, New Zealand executives with skills to sell are increasingly creating their own future. In practical terms, this means that complains, which expect their staff to give their soul to the company, may be disappointed

18、. New-age executives want to be the keeper of their own souls. Enlightened chief executives know that executives who give 100 percent arent necessarily the best people to have in the company.The latest catch phrase for this new approach is “Balanced employment,” which in the future will become the y

19、ardstick by which prospective employees judge companies. Smart companies are right now creating an environment that will attract the skills they need. There will be a skill shortage in many countries in the next century. The people with skills that companies need are looking for an enjoyable working

20、 environment that recognizes the whole person. They do not want a comer office; they want freedom. They want to have plenty of holidays to do their own thing.The implications for management styles are profound. Tomorrows executives will be not on productivity, cold on arbitrary work patterns. For th

21、e new breed, a 70-hour working week isnt something to boast about, if its an admission of lousy time management. Executives recruitment agencies report that more and more people are asking first about the flexibility of the companys working arrangements and only second about salary packages. The sal

22、ary package wasnt unimportant but came well behind what might be called the whole details of the job. Employees who work for organizations that give them flexibility develop an incredible sense of loyalty. Because they love their work, they develop a very strong tie with their company. In return, th

23、is adds up to the creation of an environment, which not only attracts staff but keeps them, too.Furthermore, manufacturers have tried to install humanity in the workplace. Best-selling books by Dr. Dyer have encouraged employees to think of themselves as creative individuals in the workplace and not

24、 as cogs in a corporate mill.1.Executives who give 100 percent arent necessarily the best people to have the company because（ ）.2.The company is popular if it has（ ）.3.Which is NOT true about balanced employment?4.The sentence “Manufacturers have tried to install humanity in the workplace” (Para.4)

25、means（ ）.5.What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.employees themselves will decide which company to chooseB.the best people dont want to devote themselves completely to the companyC.the best people dont like to stay in a place for a long timeD.the best people look down upon the less qualified问题

26、2选项A.arbitrary work patternsB.lousy managementC.flexible working environmentD.busy time schedule问题3选项A.The numbers of employers and employees are proportionalB.Employees will enjoy more freedomC.It is a standard by which future employees judge companiesD.Companies will create environment attractive

27、to the employees问题4选项A.they carry out humane treatmentB.they encourage employees to work hardC.they play a role in corporate millD.they take individual employees as dominant factor问题5选项A.Employees decide to choose work at their own will.B.Loyalty is essential to a company.C.Prospective employees pre

28、fer favorable environment.D.Companies have created attractive environment.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.考察判断推理。文章第二段倒数第一二句They do not want a comer office; they want freedom. They want to have plenty of holidays to do their own thing提到员工们要的是自由，希望有节假日来做自己的事情。选项B符合题意。2.考察细节事实。文章第二段提到，未来的公司为了吸引有技能的

29、人前来就业，需要创造出更好的环境。员工最在乎的不是工资而是自己能否有足够的假期来做自己的事情。文章第三段也提到相对自用的工作环境能够让员工对公司更加忠诚（Employees who work for organizations that give them flexibility develop an incredible sense of loyalty）。选项C符合题意。3.考察细节事实。根据文章第二段第一句The latest catch phrase for this new approach is “Balanced employment,” which in the future

30、will become the yardstick by which prospective employees judge companies可以排除选项C；根据倒数第二句They do not want a comer office; they want freedom可以排除选项B；根据第二句Smart companies are right now creating an environment that will attract the skills they need排除选项D。所以选项A符合题意。4.考察判断推理。题干的意思是“制造商应该把人性设置在工作场所”。文章提到了员工现在

31、更加看中的是freedom而不是把报酬放在第一位，他们希望有自己的时间来做自己的事情，文章最后一段最后一句encouraged employees to think of themselves as creative individuals in the workplace and not as cogs in a corporate mill提到这位博士鼓励员工多去为自己想想而不是成为一个工作的机器，也就是说公司应该把员工放在主要位置。选项D符合题意。5.考察主旨大意。文章主要讲述了员工对于未来工作环境的要求。他们不再把工资报酬放在第一位，而是要有灵活的工作时间，有假期来做自己的事情，而不再

32、是做一个工作的机器。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Malaysia and Indonesia rely much on open markets for forest and fishery products, （ ）, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.问题1选项A.deliberatelyB.converselyC.evidentlyD.naturally【答案】B【解析】考察副词词义辨析。deliberately “故意地，谨慎地”；conversely “相反地”；evidently “显然，明显地”；naturally “自然

33、地”。句意：马来西亚和印度尼西亚依靠林业和渔业产品开放市场。相反，亚洲一些国家实行高度的保护。选项B符合题意。5. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称容易滋生误解，好像过 此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以 古人皓首穷经，头发白了还在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确有浓厚的趣味。【答案】From p

34、rimary to secondary school, what we learn is nothing more than some basic knowledge. Even during the four years of university, the courses are still quite superficial. A university has often been misleadingly regarded as the highest seat of learning, as if there were nothing more to learn beyond it.

35、 The research institute of a university is the place for the preliminary study of knowledge, and the study here is only a rough one, focusing on the research method and practice. Learning is an endless process, and ones life is too short. That is why some ancient people continued to study even when

36、they were hoary-headed. They were motivated by an enormous interest in their studies.6. 单选题Your story about the frog turning into a prince is （ ）nonsense.问题1选项A.shearB.sheerC.shieldD.sheet【答案】B【解析】考察形容词、名词词义辨析。shear “剪（羊毛等）”; sheer “纯粹的；不掺杂的”； shield “盾牌”；sheet“床单，被单”。句意：你的关于青蛙变成王子的故事完全是无稽之谈。选项B符合题意

37、。7. 单选题The （ ）effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didnt want to do sports every day.问题1选项A.cumulativeB.formidableC.eternalD.prospective【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。cumulative “累积的”；formidable “可怕的，可畏的”；eternal “永恒的”；prospective “预期的，有希望的”。句意：多种病一齐发作使得他身体孱弱，但是他仍然不愿意去运动。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题Doin

38、g research will be much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off and to give you（ ） in the entire process.问题1选项A.rewardB.insuranceC.interestD.feedback【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward “报酬，奖金”；insurance “保险”；interest “兴趣”；feedback “反馈”。句意：如果你有个人可以拿出主意并且整个过程都给你反馈意见，那么，做研究要容易很多。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题The United Na

39、tions Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this year in Vienna, was a very （ ）meeting.问题1选项A.productiveB.overwhelmingC.compulsoryD.protective【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。productive “多产的，富有成效的”；overwhelming “压倒性的”；compulsory “强制的”；protective “保护的”。句意：今年早些时候联合国在维也纳召开的滥用药品大会取得了相当大的成果。选项A符合题意。10. 单选

40、题He never tells anybody about his plans; he keeps his own （ ）.问题1选项A.ideaB.opinionC.counselD.secret【答案】C【解析】考察名词词义辨析。idea “想法，主意，概念”；opinion “观点”；counsel “建议；劝告”；secret “秘密”。keep ones own counsel 将自己意见（或计划）保密，不暴露自己的意图。句意：他从没告诉过别人他的计划，他只听从自己的想法。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题His career was not noticeably （ ）by the f

41、act that he had never been to college.问题1选项A.preventedB.restrainedC.hinderedD.refrained【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。prevent “防止”；restrain “抑制，阻止”；hinder “阻碍”；refrain “抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事业没有因为他没上过大学而受到明显的障碍。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hog warts school of magic could cast

42、a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies ofHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and deli

43、very firms are drafting in extra staff and bleater trucks. Relaxed toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottennania.Yet Mr. Potters world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The

44、Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalization) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowlings fifth novel about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britains Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organized is a reading by Ms. Rowling in Londons

45、 Royal Albert Hail, to be broadcast as a Jive webcast. Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relative

46、ly low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characte

47、rs or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen-if you believe Britains Sunday Times rich list. The process is self generating: each book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.Globally, the first fo

48、ur Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office. This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialized, in line with her wishes, Warne

49、r says it is being extraordinarily careful, at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom. It imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. C

50、oke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to Order of the Phoenix; nor yet for Harry Potter and Prisoner of Azkaban, the film of the third book, whi

51、ch is due out in June 2004. Warner agrees that Ms Rowlings creation is a different sort of commercial property, one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz, says Diane Nelson, the studios global brand manager for Harry Potter. It is vital, she adds, that

52、 with more to come, readers of the bocks are not alienated. The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the properly by fans is not waning.1.When the author says “there will be no escaping Potter mania”，he implies that （ ）.2.Ms Rowlings reading in Londons Royal Albert Hall is mentio

53、ned to show（ ）.3.The author believes that（ ）.4.Paragraph 4 intends mainly to flow Warners（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that（ ）.问题1选项A.Harry Potters appeal for the readers is simply irresistibleB.it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boyC.craze about Harry Potte

54、r will not be over in the near futureD.Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over问题2选项A.publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potters businessB.businesses are actually more credible than media in Potters worldC.the media are promoting Pottermania more actively tha

55、n HollywoodD.businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way问题3选项A.Britains Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it soundsB.Time Warners management of licenses is a bit over commerciatizedC.other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at willD.what Ms Rowlin

56、g got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargain问题4选项A.determination to promote PotterB.consistence in conducting businessC.high regard for Ms Rowlings requestD.careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola问题5选项A.products of Potter films have brought enormous, profits to WarnerB.current

57、 Hollywoods marketing of Potter may damage its potentialC.readers could get tired of Ms Rowlings writings sooner or laterD.Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in future【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段讲述了哈利波特迷们的世界性狂热，没有人能够躲过哈利波特狂潮（Relaxed toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise

58、 will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottennania），说明哈利波特的吸引力极其强大。选项A“哈利波特的吸引力势不可挡”符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了罗琳应邀去朗读这件事是为了保持低调（Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile），选项D符合题意。3.文章第三段提到罗琳与华纳兄弟签订一个五十万美元的合

59、约，在作者看来in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000，作者称为 “steal”,选项D符合题意。4.文章第四段讲述了由于罗琳提出不能让哈利波特过于商业化（over commercialized） ，因此华纳兄弟公司按照罗琳所说的去做了，选项C符合题意。5.选项A可以从文章第四段推测出，并不是最后一段得出的，排除；作者对华纳兄弟的做法是予以支持的，所以选项B排除；从文章中可以看出哈利波特迷的热情有增无减，所以选项C排除。因此，选项D符合题意。13. 单选题Disagreements among econ

60、omists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economistsboth conservative and liberalconcluded that “an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.”Why the consensus? International fre

61、e trade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe. The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldnt trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the mone

62、y spent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesnt matter whether the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong (or anywhere else).The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces

63、 companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher, prices. Americans pay an enormous price for protectionismover $ 60 billion a year or $ 1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar.Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by