2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第86期

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, （ ）in the San Francisco area.问题1选项A.remarkablyB.severelyC.drasticallyD.predominantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。remarkably “显著地，惊人地”；severely “严重地，严格地”；drastically “彻底地，激烈地”；predominantly “主要地，显著地”。句意：在美国，三分之一

2、的中国人居住在加利福尼亚，大多数主要居住在旧金山地区。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to （ ）the impact of the oil spill.问题1选项A.rejectB.belittleC.minimizeD.reclaim【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE动词词义辨析。reject “拒绝”；belittle “轻视，贬低”；minimize “最小化”；reclaim “

3、开拓，回收利用”。句意：环保人士正在尽其所能将石油泄漏的影响降到最低。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The life story of the human species goes back a million years, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hemisphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal habitation uncovered in-Worth and South America has antiquity comp

4、arable to that of old World sites. Mans occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 years.Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compas

5、s. With one or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait)Mariners were a

6、ble to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, an

7、thropologists embraced the idea that man walked dry-hoed from Asia to America.Toward the end of thy/last century, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjec

8、ts of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America. These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territ

9、ory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animals forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it. Wherea

10、s purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.1.The movement of plants and animals from Asia to America indicates （ ）.2.The author is refuting the notion that （ ）.3.By u

11、sing the words “boxed the compass” (in Line 7) the author implies that （ ）.4.One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is （ ）.5.We may assume that in tile paragraph that follows this passage the author argues about （ ）.问题1选项A.that they could not have traveled across the Bering StraitB

12、.that Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land massC.that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one timeD.that migration was in the one direction only问题2选项A.life arose in America independently of life in EuropeB.the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth centuryC.a larg

13、e continent once existed which has disappearedD.man was a host to animals and plants问题3选项A.the migration of mankind was from West to EastB.the migration of mankind was from East to WestC.mankind traveled in all directionsD.mankind walked from Asia to America问题4选项A.overcrowdingB.favorable environment

14、al conditionsC.famineD.the existence of a land bridge问题5选项A.the contributions of anthropologistB.the contributions of zoologists and botanistsC.the contributions made by the American IndiansD.the existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据

15、文章第二段， “the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait. Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow

16、, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).”，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，水手能够提供可靠的信息，不仅是狭窄的海峡56英里宽,但也浅，那里的海平面下降100英尺左右，就会把海峡变成地峡。可判断出动植物从亚洲到美洲的迁徙表明亚洲和西半球由一大片陆地连接起来。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到

17、美国，亚洲和西半球由一大片陆地连接起来的，所以作者驳斥了曾经存在过的一个大陆已经消失了的观点。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass.”，可知关于人类是如何找到去美国的路的猜测一开始就很活跃，所提议的路线四通八达。下文提到第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，可判断出人类在四面八方旅行。选项C符合题意。4.

18、细节理解题。根据文章第三段， “a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions.”，可知向人口压力最小、生态条件最有利的方向流动，并伴随着数量的增加而涌入新的领地。可判断出人口密度和环境都是作者提到的迁徙的原因。选项A和B可排除。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北

19、角的大陆桥来到美国，所以有大陆桥的存在，选项D可排除。饥荒在文中并未提及，选项C符合题意。5.推断题。文章主要提到了第一批移民是通过大陆桥到达美国的，说明了大陆桥的存在，大陆桥最后延伸成为一片大陆，证明亚洲和西半球是由一片大陆连接的。根据文章最后一句， “Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at

20、 a stretch.”，可知植物和动物的缓慢扩散和迁徙则需要一条作为大陆的大道，而且可以长时间使用。可判断出作者在下文可能为讨论到在亚洲和北美之间大陆的存在。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题（ ）that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.问题1选项A.So clever are the construction robotsB.So clever the construction robots areC.Such construction robot

21、s are cleverD.Such clever construction robots are【答案】A【解析】语法题。so/such和that搭配都可引导结果状语从句，such后接名词，so后接副词或形容词，结构：so + adj. + a/an + 名词，such + a/an + adj. + 名词，so和such谓语句首要用部分倒装，选项A符合题意。句意：建筑用机器人是如此的聪明，以至于他们能够减少工地用量的百分之九十。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilizati

22、ons every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism and gravitation: their effects can be measured and predicted but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard

23、yellowish brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. “Electricity”, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they

24、are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an

25、understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principal that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong and smoke goes up because thats whe

26、re it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.1.The aim of controlled scient

27、ific experiment is （ ）.2.What principals most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?3.Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is （ ）.4.The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea （ ）.5.Modem science came into being （ ）.问题1选项A.to explain why things happen

28、B.to explain how things happenC.to describe self-evident principlesD.to support Aristotelian science问题2选项A.The influence of St. PaulsB.The forces of electricity magnetism and gravityC.Aristotles natural scienceD.Galileos discoveries.问题3选项A.disapproved of by most modem scientistsB.in agreement with A

29、ristotles theory of self-evident principlesC.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happenD.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen问题4选项A.that there are mysterious forces in the universeB.that man cannot discover what forces “re

30、ally” areC.that there are self-evident principalsD.that we can discover why things behave as they do问题5选项A.when the method of controlled experiment was first introducedB.when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happenC.when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happenD.when scie

31、ntists were able to acquire an understanding of reality【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代

32、科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出控制实验的方法目的在于解释事情是如何发生的。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章, “Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles.”

33、，可知以亚里士多德为例，他的自然科学主宰了西方两千年的思想，他相信人可以通过自明的原理进行推理来理解现实。可判断出两千多年来，对科学思想影响最大的原则是亚里士多德的自然科学。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章，“Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what

34、circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell.”，可知罗素对电的看法是：电不是一种物质，而是一种事物表现的方式，当我们解释了事物通电时的表现，以及在什么情况下通电时，我们已经解释了所有。可判断出罗素关于电的解释与科学调查的结果相一致，其目的是弄清事情是如何发生的。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。文章提出随着人类文明探索的进步，人类无法解释一些神秘力量的本质，后面举了罗素的和亚里士多德的观点为例子，说明人类能够通过对原理进行推理，解释神秘力量的本质和事物为何发生。可判断出最近科学家才开始同意现代科学能够对科学

35、中的神秘力量进行解释。选项B符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出当控制实验方法首次被引入时

36、，现代科学诞生了。选项A符合题意。6. 翻译题“Time” says the proverb “is money”. This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets.If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our exp

37、erience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time, remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a b

38、ank-note; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say.After a good nights sleep a problem that seemed insu

39、rmountable the night before can often appear more manageable, although the evidence until now has been anecdotal. But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good nights sleep can improve insight and problem-solving. “If you have some newly acquire

40、d memories in your brain sleep acts on these memories, restructures them, so that after sleep insight into a problem which you could not solve before increases.” Said Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist, at the university.He created Mickey Mouse and produced the first full-length animated movie. He inven

41、ted the theme park and originated the modem multimedia corporation. For better or worse, his innovations have shaped our world and the way we experience it. But the most significant thing Walt Disney made was a good name for himself.It was, of course, long ago converted into a brand name, constantly

42、 fussed over, ferociously defended, first by Disney, latterly by his corporate heirs and assigns. Serving as a beacon for parents seeking clean, decent entertainment for their children, the Disney logo-a stylized version of the founders signaturemore generally promises us that anything appearing ben

43、eath is will not veer too far from the safe, sound and above all cheerful American mainstream, which it defines as much as serves.Now the dreadful winter was come upon them.In the forest, all summer long, the branches of the trees do battle for light, and some of them lose and die; and then come the

44、 raging blasts, and the storms of snow and hail, and strew the ground with these weaker branches. Just so it was in Packing town; the whole district braced itself for the struggle that was an agony, and those whose time has come died off in hordes.It was Tipper Gores first solo campaign outing of th

45、e year, ad daylong sprint across New Hampshire on a miserable snowy day in January. Mrs. Gore cheerfully trudged from hospital to meeting hall, shaking hands, talking up her husbandand giving voters an up-close look at the lady who would be First Lady. Back home in Washington, A1 Gore spent the day

46、wondering how his wife was really handling the northern exposure. Private and wary of the rigors of campaign life. Tipper has often been a reluctant public figure.【答案】如果我们的时间得到充分利用，或者会产生一些有用而且重要的产品，这些产品能在市场上卖出相应的价钱；或者它会增加我们的经验，提高我们的能力，当机会来临时，使我们能够挣钱。睡了一晚好觉之后，前一天晚上看似无法克服的问题，往往会变得更容易处理，尽管现今为止这种说法只是轶事。

47、当然在很久以前它就变成了一个商标名称，这个商标不断被纷扰，受到猛烈的辩护，先是迪斯尼，后来是他的公司继承人和受让人。在森林中，整个夏天，树木的枝干都在微微颤动，有些枝干会枯死；然后是猛烈的狂风，暴风雪和冰雹，把这些较弱的树枝撒在地上。他对竞选活动严谨性的私密和警觉，使Tipper经常不情愿地成为公众人物。7. 翻译题我所提出的语言时空观确认：语言学并不仅仅在于认识语音、语法、词汇、语义、 语境等等一系列单一的现象或组合现象，而且更为重要的还在于认识包含时间要素和空 间要素在内的语言整体存在构件，研究它的组织以及因为这些组织而形成的语言生存状 态。实际上，时间和空间在语言的整体构建中是符合自然的

48、、永恒而无以更替的实在。 我并不否认语言学界对时间和空间所予以的关注，但是，正如我上文中指出的那样，时 间和空间在语言存在重的含义还远远没有得到清晰的认识或明确的界定，他们在语言存在重的位置和价值还没有得到合理的指认。【答案】The time and space viewpoints of language that I proposed makes sure that: linguistics does not only recognize a series of single or combined phenomenon like pronunciation, grammar, vocab

49、ulary, semantics and context and so on. The more significant part is to recognize the whole existed lingual structure including time and space elements, and to study its organization and the lingual survival status formed by this organization. In reality, time and space are natural, external and irr

50、eplaceable reality in the whole lingual structure building. But I doesnt deny the attention that linguistics field pays to the time and space, the meaning of time and space existing in linguistics is far from being understood and defined clearly as I pointed above. Their location and value existing

51、in linguistics are not identified.8. 翻译题吴歌是中国吴语地区民歌民谣的总称。吴语地区包括江苏南部、浙江北部和上海 市，大致是指长江下游的三角洲地区。这里是同一种方言的文化圈，同属传统吴文化范畴。“吴”的概念随着历代区域划分而有所变化，如早期的“吴”指的是吴国领域，后来在 曾包括现在的南京和扬州等地，现在所说的“吴”是地域和方言区划的概念。苏州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名称，历史上采集吴歌， 也以它为中心，在中国文学史上占有一定地位。【答案】Wu Song is the general name title of folk

52、 song in Wu language area of China. Wu language area includes southern Jiangsu, Northern Zhejiang and Shanghai, referring to the delta area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This is a cultural circle of the same dialect belonging to traditional cultural of Wu areas. The concept of “Wu”has c

53、hanged with the historical regional division, for example, “Wu”in early time refers to Wu area, later it included some present places, such as Nanjing and Yangzhou. “Wu”conrrently is a concept of division of region and dialect. Suzhou exactly is in the center of it, which is a historical cultural ti

54、tle famed as “paradise”. It was also the center of Wu Song collection and occupied its position in the history of literature.9. 单选题It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formul

55、ation of the relationship of time to other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are c

56、alled, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would

57、have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump - whic

58、h seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances - then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our

59、experiencing this state cannot be conjectured. There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have lead some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the tans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping wit

60、h these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics thro

61、ugh the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be

62、 treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear - either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding - to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physic

63、al dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass - that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if yo

64、u wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einsteins theories, since the “faster” a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seem, consonant with