初中中考英语语法复习(知识点、例题、习题、详细答案)(整理版)

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1、可编辑版九年级英语语法总复习一、名词名词可以分为专有名词Proper Nouns和普通名词 ,专有名词是某个些人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如：book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1个体名词Individual Nouns：表示某类人或东西中的个体,gun。 2集体名词CollectiveNouns：表示若干个个体组成的集合family。 3物质名词MaterialNouns：表示无法分为个体的实物,如：air。 4抽象名词AbstractNouns：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如：work

2、。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词CountableNouns,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词UncountableNouns。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下列表示：专有名词：是个别的人,事物,地点等专有名称。其第一个字母大写普通名词；可数名词；不可数名词。可数名词的构成规则：1一般名词加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags读/z/; car-cars2以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/bus-buses watch-watches3以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的词 加 -s读 /iz/li

3、cense-licenses4以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/baby-babies其它名词复数的规则变化1 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较： 层楼：storey -storeys story-stories 2 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时：a. 加s,如：photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos；b.加es,如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes

4、c. 均可,如：zero-zeros / zeroes3 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s,如：belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves,如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves；c.均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micem

5、an-menwoman-women注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如： anEnglishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2单复同形如：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,fourjin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3集体名词,以单数

6、形式出现,但实为复数。如： peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,theEnglish,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries andbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如： a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数

7、名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. theUnited States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organizedin 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。5 表示由两部分构成的东西,如：glassestrousers,clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair;suit; a pair of gl

8、asses; two pairs of trousers6另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如：goods货物,waters水域,fishes各种鱼不可数名词量的表示1物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。This factory produces steel.We needvarious steels.c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。Our country is famous for tea.我国因

9、茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please.请来两杯茶。2抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由the fourmodernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：a glass of water一杯水a piece of advice一条建议名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。定语名词的复数1 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 studentsreading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languagesdepartment 外语系2 man, woman, g

10、entleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如：goods train arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷4数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如：two-dozen eggs两打/二十四个鸡蛋 a ten-milewalk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树a five-year plan.一个五年计划个别的有用复数作定语的,如： a sev

11、en-years child名称 总称一个人两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the SwissaSwiss two Swiss澳大利亚人theantwoAustraliansAustralianAustralians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the French aFrenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanese

12、 two Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人theIndiansan Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国the EnglishanEnglishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the SwedishaSwedetwo Swedes名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如：a teachers book。名词所有格

13、的规则如下：1单数名词词尾加s,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加s,如the boys bag 男孩的书包,mens room 男厕所。2若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加,如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3 凡不能加s的名词,都可以用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系,如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如：the barbers 理发店。5如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,则表示分别有；只有一个s,则表示共有 如：Johns and Marysroom两间John and M

14、arys room一间6 复合名词或短语,s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or twos absence主谓一致：1：可数名词单数和不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。There is a pen on the desk.The milk is hot.2复数名词做主语时,谓语用复数。如：Some students are playing football on the playground.3family,class,team,group单复数根据具体情况而定指整个集体视为单数:His family are sports lovers.集合名词 :police,people只用作

15、复数4姓的复数与冠词连用,表示全家人或夫妇二人,作主语时,谓语用复数。如：The Greens are watching Tv now.5无论是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果其前面用了表示数量的of词组时,谓语动词的单数形式取决于of词组中表示数量的名词的单复数如：There is a map of tea on the table. There are two glasses of water on the tableThere is a basket of apples under the bed. 例题解析1. Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A. am B.

16、 is C. are D. be 2. Which is the to the bus stop, please?A road B way C street D address 3. Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few4. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 5. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kilo. 6 The boys name is James

17、Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green 7 Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B citys C citys D cities 8 Would you please pass me?A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers 9 September 10th is Day.A Teacher B T

18、eachers C Teachers D Teachers10 I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few11 What would you like, Ann? Id like two.A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks12 There isnt paper in the box. Will you go and get for me?A any, some B any, any C some, so

19、me D some, any13 June 1st is.A Childrens day B childrens DayC Childrens Day D childrens day14 These foreign friends are.A German B Germen C Germany D Germans15 All the students are busy, so of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few 16 There are threeand sevenin the picture.A deers,

20、 sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps17 Whose room is this? Its.A my B Kikes and JohnsC our D Kike and Johns1答案C.析由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。 2答案B.析这是考察同意词辨析,road是指较宽阔的大道,意为乡间公路,而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径,还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为地址。如：There is a car running along the

21、country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the NationalMuseum? 3 答案A.析因time作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不可用few,a few来修饰。另外,英文的表达法与中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文要讲,快点,没时间了。因此,要用little而不用a little. 4 答案B.析用How many提问时,其名词要用复数形式,而tomato的复数要加es.A How much B How many C How old D How long5 答案A.析由对话的答语可看出其

22、问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是多少都是不可数名词,要用how much 提问。6答案A.析英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是family name.7答案D.析复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。one of 加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。8答案C.析paper是不可数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece.9答案D.10答案B.11答案B.12答案A.析any用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到

23、肯定答复时,问句中要用some而不要按一般语法规律用any. 13答案C.14答案D.15答案D.析student是可数名词,而few用于可数名词,意为：几乎没有学生去电影院。16答案C.析deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。17答案D.析因为room为单数,所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。二、冠词冠词分为：不定冠词泛指a 修饰以辅音开头的可数名词单数；an修饰以元音开头的可数名词的单数；定冠词-特指。The可以修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a 与数词one 同源,是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作e,而an则用于元音音素前

24、,一般读做en。1表示一个,意为one；指某人或某物,意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.3 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a

25、while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden定冠词的用法：定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那这个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.把药吃了。2上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3指世上独一物二的事物： the sun, the sky, themoon, the earth4单数名词连用表示一类事

26、物,如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very, same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。6与复数名词连用,指整个群体： They are the teachers of thisschool.指全体教师 They are teachers of t

27、his school.7表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by thearm.她抓住了我的手臂。8用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the PeoplesRepublic of China 中华人民XX国 the United States 美国9用在表示乐器的名词之前： Sheplays the piano.她会弹钢琴。10 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人11 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning,the day after tomorrowth

28、e day before yesterday,thenext morning,in the sky in the dark,in therain,in the distance,in the middle ,in the end,on the whole,bythe way,go to the theatre零冠词的用法1 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词：England,Mary；2泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词；They areteachers. 他们是教师。3抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother ofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。

29、4物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词；Man cannotlive without water.人离开水就无法生存。5在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词； Wego to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如：havebreakfast,play chess8当

30、两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词；I cant write without penor pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。9当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词；by bus,by train；10有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义； go to hospital去医院看病 go to thehospital 去医院 11不用冠词的序数词；a. 序数词前有物主代词b. 序数词作副词

31、 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at first,first of all,from first to last冠词与形容词+名词结构1 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。2如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。1 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位

32、于下列形容词之后： such,what,many,half, I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lotd. 在as,though 引导的让步状语

33、从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a manthough he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。2 定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。 All the students in the classwent out.班里的所有学生都出去了表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫

34、基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 例题解析1 Mr Li is old worker.A a B an C some D /2 English is useful language in world.A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the3 What interesting book it is?A a B an C the D /4 He will be back in hour.A / B the C a D an5 There is map in the classroom. map is on the wall.A a, A B the, The C a

35、, The D the ,A6 Look at picture! Theres house in it.A a ,a B the, the C a, the D the, a7 There is orange in the bottle.A a B an C the D /8 Beijing is capital of our country.A the B an C / D a9 If you work hard at English, youll get A in the test.A an B / C the D a10 He usually goes to school on foot

36、.A a B an C the D /参考答案：1答案B.析an用于元音音素开始的单词前。2答案B.析因useful的第一个音素是j,它是辅音音素。3答案B.析这是感叹句,因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词,而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。4答案D.析因hour的首字母h不发音。5答案C.析在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词,而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。6答案D.析虽然是第一次提到,但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画,所以应选择D。7答案D.析这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。8答案A.析capital之后有of结

37、构则要用定冠词。9答案A.析因字母A的第一音素是元音。10答案D.析on foot意为走路上学,是习惯用法。三、 代词 知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 i you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表人称 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性 my your his her its ours your

38、 they 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词可见下表人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves 指示代词主要有this, that, these, those疑问代词有：who, whom whose, what, which,还有疑问副词when, how, where, why。不定代词在初中课本中主要有some, any, many, much, each, neither,

39、 other, another, all, both, one, none, either 正误辨析误Toms mother is taller than my.正Toms mother is taller than mine.析形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如：my book,而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。误We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.正We have a lot of h

40、omework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.析在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework, 所以应用it。误He and you should go to the library to return the books.正You and he should go to the library to return the books.析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they

41、:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you, we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.We, you and they have been there before.I, he and you have to pay for it.误He or his brother is doing their homework.正He

42、or his brother is doing his homework.析由eitheror, neithernor, or 连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.误His brother is taller

43、 than him.正His brother is taller than he.析than是连词,其后应视为省略句,than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。I like you as much as she.正I like you as much as her.析asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。误Myself did it yesterday.正I myself did it yesterday.正I did it myself yesterday.析反身代词不可作主语,

44、但可以用作主语的同位语。误Take care of ourselves.正Take care of yourselves .析祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.误Please bring your daughter with yourself.正Please bring your daughter with you.析反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如： The old woman spoke to herself. 例题解析1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine2 is she?

45、 She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing, working D Anything, to work4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves5 do you go to school every day? By bus.A How B Why C When D W

46、here6 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine9 do you hear from your parents?About once a month.A How long B How manyC How often D How much10

47、Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something11 Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.Good idea!A anything nice B nice anythingC something nice D nice something12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neith

48、er C Either D Both13 This is not her kite,but.A hes B him C he D his14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.A few B many C more D fewer16 There isnt in todays newspaper.A a

49、nything interestingB something interestingC nothing interestingD interesting anything17 September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers18 In England, people eat a lot of takeaway food. What about people in your country? A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.19 Shall we go i

50、nto that shop and have a look? Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A everything B anything C something D nothing20 Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake

51、.are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other22 She is not a nurse. Im not.A also B either C neither D too23 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.A the other B another C others D the others24 Sorry, I cant answer your question.I know about the subject.A little B a little C few D a

52、 few25 My sister doesnt like skating. A So do I B So I dontC Neither I dont D Neither do I26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.A you, he and I B I, you and heC he, I and you D you, I and he27 All the students are busy, soof them will go to the concert.A many B little C a few

53、D few28 The teacher gave student a new book.A nobody B both C each D any29 Black is neither a teacher a worker.A or B either C nor D and30 Our teacher gave uson studying.A many advices B some advicesC an advice D some advice31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One is from Japan, is from Ame

54、rica.A other B others C the other D the others32 Are there on the table?A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups33 Ive just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, are American stamps.A the other B the others C other D others34 It was fine day that they went to the park.A a so B so a C such a

55、D a such35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. Sopeople liked taking trains.A little B a little C few D a few36 We must help and understand each.A other B another C others D the other37 is difficult to walk on the moon.A Man B One C That D It38 Jane has sent several letters, but of them have

56、been answered.A all B both C either D none39 I dont know about the new headmaster.A something B everything C nothing D anything40 of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.A No B None C Not D Neither1答案B.析这里应用形容词性物主代词。2答案A.析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同。What is she?应译为她的工作是什么?或她是做

57、什么的?而How is she?应译为她身体如何?而Who is she?应译为她是谁?其答语应为她叫什么名字。而Where is she?应为她在什么地方?由答语决定了这道题的选择。3答案A.析因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词。4答案C.析help oneself to something为自己拿某物。yourself为你一个人,而yourselves为你们。5答案A.析这题的答案是由问句决定的。6答案D.析因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为：是的,但仅仅会讲一点。7答案D.析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级,而th