2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第84期

《2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第84期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第84期（23页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for t

2、he open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when

3、 you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous - cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. D.Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one s

4、treet all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advant

5、age of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possib

6、ility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.Wha

7、t, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesnt co

8、me to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensit

9、ivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by. Im keen

10、 on the idea, but you see theres my cat, Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.1. We get the imp

11、ression from the first paragraph that the author .2. In the authors opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappyEXCEPT .3. The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT_.4. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describe

12、s those people who work in large cities and live in villages?5. Do you think the author will move to the country?问题1选项A.used to live in the countryB.used to work in the cityC.lives in the countryD.works in the city问题2选项A.lack of communicationB.a strong sense of fearC.housing conditionsD.a sense of i

13、solation问题3选项A.designer clothesB.daily necessitiesC.fresh fruitsD.fresh vegetables问题4选项A.OriginalB.HospitableC.ArrogantD.Insensitive问题5选项A.Yes, he will do soB.It is difficult to tellC.No, he will not do soD.He is in two minds【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句话I am one of the many ci

14、ty people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city可知选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段第二句话The majority of the population lives in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal可以排除选项C；根据第二段第三句话可以排除选项A；根据第二段倒数第二句话可以排除选项D，因

15、此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第三段倒数第二句话提到购物成了一个重要的问题（Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town），因此在乡村中很难买到时尚的衣服，选项A符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章第四段最后一句话提到他们把这些想法强加给那些不情愿的原始村民（They generally have about as much sensitivity as the p

16、lastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages），由此可以推测出这些人是傲慢的，选项C符合题意。original “原来的；首创的”；hospitable “热情友好的”；insensitive “未意识到的”。5.推理判断题。作者在最后一段提到了他的猫，以猫喻人，来说明自己更有愿意待在城市中（No,

17、he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening），因此选项C符合题意。2. 单选题_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.问题1选项A.Had they arrivedB.Would they arriveC.Were they arrivingD.Were they to arrive【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据时间状语the day after tomorrow，可知讲述的是

18、将来，因此从句的谓语动词可以用动词过去式，或should+动词原形，或were+不定式。根据四个选项可知，此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，因此选项D符合题意。句意：如果他们后天在我们出发之前到达，我们将有一个愉快的晚宴。3. 单选题It is found by scientists that the disease that causes cold can be by air and by close contact.问题1选项A.transmittedB.infectedC.transformedD.transferred【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Transmit “传输”；infec

19、t “感染，传染”；transform “改变，变形”；transfer “转让”。句意：科学家发现，引起感冒的疾病可以通过空气和密切接触传染。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题An astonishing fact that the murderer of the general manager was his own brother.问题1选项A.came outB.found outC.exposedD.came to light【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Come out “出现；出版”；find out “找出”；expose “揭露，揭发”；come to light “暴露，真

20、相大白”。句意：一个惊人的事实被揭露：杀害总经理的凶手竟然是他的兄弟。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our k

21、nowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is

22、 more reasonable. We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. D.Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturne

23、d by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting, and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social

24、 sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of or even of earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define th

25、e “security” our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere

26、 in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of th

27、e astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose

28、 among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure.1. The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because_.2. The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because_.3. We know l

29、ess about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because_.问题1选项A.the records of social systems are more reliableB.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of dataC.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciencesD.it is not based on personal experience问题2选项A.n

30、ew information is constantly coming inB.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurateC.the direction of their development is difficult to predictD.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time问题3选项A.theories of its origin and history are variedB.our knowledge of it is highly insecureC.only a

31、 very small sample of it has been observedD.few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到尽管我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面不准确，但也不太可能被新的发现彻底推翻（Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overtur

32、ned by new discoveries），由此可知选项A“关于社会制度的记录更为可靠”符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句话提到我们对于天文宇宙（属于自然科学）甚至地球地质历史的图像形象都很容易发生受到革命性的变化，因为会不断有新的数据和理论出现来推翻之前的理论（In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of or even of earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in

33、and new theories are worked out），由此可知自然科学之所以不断变化是因为时刻有不同的理论出现，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段倒数第一句话提到人类对于天文宇宙的记录是非常有限的（Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme），所以人们对天文宇宙的了解很少。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Competition, many people beli

34、eve, the national character rather than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。7. 单选题He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back to following week.问题1选项A.

35、on conditionB.on purposeC.on occasionD.only if【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。on condition “只要，以为条件” ；on purpose “有目的的”；on occasion “有时，偶尔”；only if “只要就”。句意：他问我借些钱，我同意借给他，前提是他（必须）下周还我。选项A符合题意。8. 翻译题世界发展还很不平衡、贫穷和饥荒仍然在一些落后地区肆虐。环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国问题日益突出。人类实现和平和共同发展的理想还任重道远。【答案】The benefit of development spread r

36、ather unevenly in the world as poverty and hunger ravage no a few countries. Many cross-boundary problems such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, transnational crimes and deadly communicable disease have become more salient. All this has made our road toward universal peace and common dev

37、elopment a bumpy and challenging one.9. 单选题Geoffrey had been completely exhausted but felt considerably after a meal and a good rest.问题1选项A.refreshedB.renewedC.regainedD.reshaped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Refresh “使恢复”；renew “使更新”；regain “恢复”；reshape “改造”。句意：杰弗里已经完全筋疲力尽了，但在吃了一顿饭并好好休息了之后，他重新恢复神气。选项A符合题意。10. 翻

38、译题人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。【答案】The historical course of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined travel

39、er cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.11. 单选题Animals that could not themsel

40、ves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived.问题1选项A.conformB.adaptC.modifyD.conform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conform “使遵守，使一致”；adapt “适应”；modify “修改”；conform “符合，遵照”。句意：不能适应环境变化的动物灭绝了，而那些能适应的存活了下来。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Our service operates 36 libraries throughout the country while six libr

41、aries specially serve the countryside.问题1选项A.shiftingB.driftingC.rotatingD.mobile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。shifting “不断移动的”；drifting “漂移的”；rotating “旋转的”；mobile “可移动的”。句意：全国有36个图书馆，有6个移动图书馆专门为农村服务。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life

42、, but manners in the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheels. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsi

43、derate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be kind to other drivers” campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-

44、tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosp

45、here of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are

46、 the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The s

47、ame goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic

48、 streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that gives rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-t

49、ake from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are mainly caused by .2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule” (Para. A.1) implies that_.3. By “good sense”, the writer means .4. Experts have

50、 long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.5. In the writers opinion, _.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met occas

51、ionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute a majority of motorists问题3选项A.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficulty and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage b

52、ehaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffi

53、c regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句话“It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but m

54、anners on the roads are becoming horrible.”可知，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为导致的。因此选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到如今彬彬有礼的驾车者却成了例外（You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule），由此可推测粗鲁的司机占了大多数，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句提到道路礼仪不

55、仅是好的态度，还是良好的意识（Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too.），接着又提到当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑（It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior），说明良好的意识就是能够忍受一些不良的行为，因此选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章最后一段倒数

56、第二句话提到专家几年前就告诫我们汽车数量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users），因此选项CB符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话“A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly i

57、nto traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.” 一个资深的司机，认为司机应该学会正确加入交通而不会造成令人生气的交通阻塞。可知，作者认为司机应该适当地使用礼貌。因此选项B符合题意。14. 单选题In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is so

58、metimes called “flu” or a “bad cold”. He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital he was able to find the virus of this influenza.There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are type A and B, each of them having several subgroups. With the inst

59、ruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus in group A but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. A.W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong of Chin

60、a, where about 15%-20% of the population had become ill.As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself with very high speed, the virus had grown more than a million times within two days. Continuing their

61、careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known subgroups of virus type A. A.None of them gave any protection. This, then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help whatever.Having found the virus they were working with,

62、the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which get influenza as much as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. D.These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like t

63、he general public, call it simply Asian flu.The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in mainland China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in mainland China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over the mainland. D.The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But at that time China was