2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第83期

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Fuel scarcities（ ）automobile designers to develop small-displacement vehicles for public use.问题1选项A.promptedB.encouragedC.fomentedD.spotlighted【答案】A【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽车设计师开发供公众使用的小排量汽车。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。prompt 提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓励，激励；foment 煽动，挑起；spotlight聚光照明

2、，使公众注意。因此A符合句意。2. 单选题African-American women poets also（ ）to the literary achievement of the Harlem Renaissance, particularly in their articulation of race, class and gender issues.问题1选项A.contributedB.approachedC.adaptedD.elevated【答案】A【解析】句意:非裔美国女性诗人也对哈莱姆文艺复兴吋期的文学成就做出了贡献，尤其是她们在种族、阶级和性别问题上的表达。考查动词辨析。选

3、项均为对应动词的过去式。contribute贡献，出力，投稿，捐献；approach接近，着手处理； adapt使适应，改编；elevate提升，维起，振奋情绪等。3. 单选题Do you regret paying fifty dollars for the dog?” “No, I would gladly pay（ ）for him.”问题1选项A.as much twiceB.twice so muchC.much twiceD.twice as much【答案】D【解析】句意:你后悔为这条狗支付50美元不？ ”。“不，我乐意为了他支付双倍”。语法题。考查倍数的表达。倍数的固定表达方式

4、: 倍数+as+形容词或副词+（as+另一比较对象）,前文己交代另一比较对象的情况下，括号中的部分可省略来避免重复,因此D正确。4. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治

5、疗;encouragement 鼓励；compromise 妥协，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。5. 单选题Since the Second World War, the rivalry in military strength between the worlds great powers has produced a（ ）balanced peace.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.radicallyC.precariouslyD.rapidly【答案】C【解析】句意:自二战以来，世界大国间的军备竞赛产生了一种不稳定的均势和平。考查副词辨析。peculiarly 尤其，古怪地；r

6、adically 根本上，彻底地；precariously危险地，不安全地，不稳定地；rapidly 迅速地，很快，立即。因此C符合句意。6. 单选题As the climate in the Middle East changed beginning around 7000 B. C” conditions emerged that led to a more complex and advanced form of civilization in both Egypt and of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became

7、drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly developed technique of agriculture. This migration was further encouraged by the gradual transformation of the once-hospitable grasslands of these regions into deserts. Human populati

8、on became increasingly concentrated into pockets of settlement scattered along the banks of the great rivers.The rivers profoundly shaped the way of life along their banks. In Mesopotamia, the management of water in conditions of unpredictable drought, flood, and storm became the central economic an

9、d social challenge. Villagers began early to build simple earthworks, dikes, canals, and ditches to control the waters and reduce the opposing dangers of drought during the dry season (usually the spring) and flooding at the harvest time.Such efforts required a degree of cooperation among a large nu

10、mber of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, was economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their human resources in the building of coordinat

11、ed network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the seeds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown.Technological and mathematical invention, too, were stimulated by life along the rivers. New devices were first devel

12、oped here for use in irrigation systems. Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the first developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields that were periodically inundated.The livers served as high roads of earli

13、est commerce. Traders used boats made of bundles of rushes to transport grains, fruits, fibers, and textiles from one village to another, transforming the rivers into the central spines of nascent commercial kingdoms. Trade expanded surprisingly widely; we have evidence suggesting that, even before

14、the establishment of the first Egyptian dynasty, goods were being exchanged between villagers in Egypt and others as far as Iran.Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world - for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in

15、 China. The history of early civilization has been shaped to a remarkable degree by the relationship of humans and rivers.1. The primary purpose of the passage is to explain（ ）.2.Which of the following social effects did the unpredictability of water supplies in Mesopotamia have?3. The earliest geom

16、eters were supported primarily by（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the emergence of complex civilizations in the Middle East was dependent upon the previous development of（ ）.5. The author refers to emerging civilizations in India and China primarily in order to emphasize（ ）.问题1选项A.how

17、 climatic changes led to the founding of the earliest recorded citiesB.the influence of river life on the growth of early civilizationsC.some of the recent findings of researchers into early human historyD.the similarities and differences among several ancient societies问题2选项A.It led to warfare over

18、water rights among rival villages.B.It encouraged cooperation in the creation of water management systems.C.It drove farmers to settle in fertile grasslands far from the uncontrollable rivers.D.It had the actual effect of increasing the population there.问题3选项A.mechanical artisansB.traders and mercha

19、ntsC.farm laborersD.land owners问题4选项A.basic techniques of agricultureB.symbolic systems for writing and mathematical computationC.tools for constructing houses quickly and easilyD.a method for storing and transferring wealth问题5选项A.the importance of water transportation in the growth of early tradeB.

20、the relatively advanced position enjoyed by the Middle East spread to other placesC.the rapidity with which social systems developed in the Middle East spread to other placesD.the crucial role played by rivers in the development of human cultures around the world【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨

21、大意题。文章主要介绍河流对于文明和发展的作用。因此B项“河流生命对于早期文明发展的影响”符合本文主旨大意。2.判断推理题。题干问的是:下列哪项是美索不达米亚中供水的不可预测性所产生的社会影响?第三段指出: Such efforts required a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, was economic

22、ally vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their human resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the seeds of the g

23、reat Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown (这种努力需要大量人员的前所未有的合作。只有十几户家庭的小村庄容易受到经济冲击，但是在年长村民的指导下，这些村庄可能会学着在建立协调的水治理系统中进行人力资源共享，这吋候乡村的安全和稳定性以及繁荣度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不达米亚的文明之种正被播散开来)。故选 B “它激发了水资源管理体系创新的相互合作”。3.细节事实题。通过题干关键词geometers定位至第四段: Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation

24、 and the first developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields that were periodically inundated (同样，早期的测量和估算方法，以及几何学的初期发展，都是因为需要记录土地的所有权和记录被周期性淹没的土地边界范围而刺激发展的。因此，最初几何学主要是为了记录土地的所有权和实际情况而发展的)。故选D “土地所有者”。4.判断推理题。题干为:中东地区的复杂文明的出现主要依赖于之前的哪项的发

25、展？第一段指出: As the climate in the Middle East changed .Jed to a more complex and advanced from of civilization in both. Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly developed technique of agri

26、culture (随着中东地区的气候变化，出现的状况导致了复杂和先进 的文明形式。当美索不达米亚的幼发拉底河变得更干旱后，产生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了拥有先进农业技术的移民。即中东地区的先进文明的发展有依靠农业技术的支持),故选A“基本的农业技术”。5.作者意图题。题干为: 作者谈及印度和中国的文明出现主要是为了强调什么？根据题干定位至最后一段: Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world for

27、example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China (同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所产生的类似的发展，比如：印度西北部河流，中国的黄河)。因此,文章中谈及印度和中国，是为了说明河流同样在这些国家的发展中起到的作用,因此D项 “在世界各地人类文化的发展中，河流发挥关键的作用”正确。7. 单选题The device can（ ）different measurements by electronics means.问题1选项A.imitateB.copyC.mockD.fake【答案】A【解析】句意:这个设备能通过电子手段来模拟不同的

28、尺寸。考查动词辨析。Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的讲话、举止); copy 复制,抄袭;mock 愚弄,嘲弄;fake 捏造,假装的样子。故A符合句意。8. 单选题The reason that the city attracts lots of inhabitants lies in that its a city of（ ）.问题1选项A.intensityB.diversityC.adversityD.necessity【答案】B【解析】句意:这个城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一个多元化的城市。考查名词辨析。Intensity 强度,强烈;diversity 不同(点),多样性,

29、多样化; adversity困境,逆境; necessity 必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。9. 单选题The boy cycling in the street was knocked down by a minibus and received（ ）injuries.问题1选项A.fatalB.excessiveC.disastrousD.exaggerated【答案】A【解析】句意:在街上，骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒，生命垂危。考查形容词辨析。fatal 致命的，灾难性的，重大的，决定性的。 excessive极度的，过分的;disastrous灾难性的，损失惨重的;exagger

30、ate 夸大的，言过其实的。就前面句意“骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒”可知A正确。10. 单选题His argument does not suggest that mankind can（ ）to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.问题1选项A.resortB.grantC.affordD.entitle【答案】C【解析】句意:他的论据未标明，人类在这些资源的使用上能浪费得起。考查动词辨析。resort 常去，求助，诉诸，resort to 依靠，求助于；;grant 授予，允许，承认，grant to 同意给予，准予；aff

31、ord 给予，提供，承担得起;afford to （有条件）做，承担得起，负担得起；entitle 给称号，使有权利。因此C符合句意。11. 单选题Would you please conic and help me with this application form because I dont know how to（ ）it.问题1选项A.set asideB.set upC.set offD.set about【答案】D【解析】句意:我不知如何开始，所以你能过来帮助我做下这个申请表格不？考查短语辨析。Set aside 留出,驳回,把放在一边;set up建立;set off 出发,

32、引起,使爆炸,抵消；set about 着手,开始做。D符合句意。12. 单选题Going into the dining room where the banquet was given last night, I can see the（ ）are still on the table.问题1选项A.remainsB.relicsC.remnantsD.surplus【答案】A【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain 遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics 遗物，纪念物；remnant 剩余（主要的部分被

33、使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus 剩余 （指超过需要数量之外的剩余），贸易顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。13. 单选题Very few people could understand the lecture delivered by the professor because its subject was very（ ）.问题1选项A.intriguingB.indefiniteC.obscureD.dubious【答案】C【解析】句意:几乎没有人能听懂教授的讲座，因为其主题很晦涩难懂。考查形容词辨析。intriguing 有趣的，引人入胜的，神秘的；indefinite无期限的，不明确的

34、，表示因定义不明确而引起理解上的模糊；obscure 不淸楚的，模糊的，晦涩的，强调费解；dubious 可疑的，含糊的，强调因可疑而引起的不确定。根据前半句句意“几乎没有人能听懂教授的讲座”可知C正确。14. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.disregardedB.distortedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】句意:他只是想引起注意，所以请不要因为他的不礼貌而生气。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词

35、的过去分词形式表被动。Disregard 不顾，不理。Distort 歪曲，曲解。irritate激怒，发怒。Intervene 介入，干涉，阻挠，一般作不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。根据空格后的his bad manners(他的不礼貌)可判断，C项正确。15. 单选题The meeting was so prolonged and exhausting that（ ）the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at intervalsD.at random【答案】C【解析】句意:这个会议是如此拖延,让人筋疲

36、力尽，以至演讲者时不时停下来喘口气。考查短语辨析。At large 详尽的，逍遥法外的，未被捕的，整个的；at ease 安逸，自由自在；at intervals 不时地，相隔一定距离（或时间）地;at random 随便地，任意地。因此C符合句意。16. 单选题Many people nowadays save money to（ ）.问题1选项A.caterB.supplyC.provideD.equip【答案】C【解析】句意:如今很多人攒钱为自己的老年做准备。考查动词辨析。cater for 迎合，供应伙食；为提供所需; supply for为提供；provide for 供给，规定，为

37、做准备；equip for 为装备，提供。因此C符合句意。17. 单选题In the（ ）of this earthquake, many national and international communities offered help and assistance.问题1选项A.senseB.hopeC.caseD.wake【答案】D【解析】句意:随着这个地震而来的是很多国家和国际团体主动提供帮助。考查短语辨析。In the sense of 从意义上说; in the hope of怀着的希望; in the case of至于,在的情况下; in the wake of 紧紧跟随,

38、随着而来。因此D符合句意。18. 单选题Hard work can（ ）your success in learning a foreign language.问题1选项A.assureB.guaranteeC.warrantD.promise【答案】B【解析】句意:努力工作能保证你在学习一门外语上取得成功。考查动词辨析。Assure 使确信,向保证,弄清,查明; guarantee保证,担保,保障; warrant使有必要,使正当; promise 许诺,承诺,答应。因此B符合句意。19. 单选题Stars twinkle（ ）the turbulent state of the air t

39、hrough which their light passes.问题1选项A.in spite ofB.as a result ofC.in addition toD.with regard to【答案】B【解析】句意:星星的闪烁是由星光穿过湍流状态的空气而形成的。考查短语辨析。in spite of 尽管，不管，不顾；as a result of 因此，由于；in addition to 除之外；with regard to 关于，至于。因此B符合句意。20. 单选题Nuclear weapons are not the only explosive force（ ）civilization.问题1选项A.frighteningB.brighteningC.strengtheningD.threatening【答案】D【解析】句意:核武器不是威胁人类文明的唯一爆破力。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式作explosive force的后置定语。frighten 使惊吓,吓唬;brighten (使)更明亮,色彩鲜艳,(使)快活起来;strengthen 加强,巩固;threaten 威胁,恐吓。因此D符合句意。