2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第94期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Condemned to death, Socrates could have escaped but chose to die by drinking poisonseeking truth even to the _ end.问题1选项A.strongB.deadC.dyingD.lethal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 strong“强壮的”；B选项 dead“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”；C选项dying“垂死的；临终的；濒临消亡的；快要结束的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：判

2、处死刑，苏格拉底本可以逃脱但选择喝毒药寻求真理。根据poison（毒药），A，B，C项都不能与poison（毒药）进行搭配，结合句意，选项D为正确答案。2. 单选题My boss has always attended to the _ of important business himself.问题1选项A.transactionB.stimulationC.transitionD.solution【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 transaction “交易；事务；办理；会报，学报”；B选项 stimulation “刺激；激励，鼓舞”；C选项 transition “过渡；转

3、变；分子生物 转换；变调”；D选项 solution“解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答”。句意：我的老板总是亲自处理重要事务。A选项正确。3. 单选题Comic art can be, and often is, deadly serious, at which point it is _difficult to categorize it.问题1选项A.awfullyB.indicativelyC.cruciallyD.ultimately【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 awfully “可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B选项 indicatively “指示地，表示地；象征地；陈述地”；C

4、选项 crucially “关键地；至关重要地”；D选项 ultimately “最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜剧艺术可以是，而且往往是极度的严肃，在这一点上很难对它进行分类。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。4. 单选题He made a _ speech that caused a great deal of argument.问题1选项A.successfulB.provocativeC.touchingD.hostile【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；B选项 provocative“刺激的；挑拨的；煽动的”；C选项 touching“

5、动人的，令人同情的”；D选项 hostile“敌对的；敌方的；怀敌意的”。句意：他做了一个演讲引起了一番争论。根caused a great deal of argument（引起大量的争论）可推测B选项与其意思对应正确，因此选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The managers job is not to make decisions but to carry out the decisions the director makes.问题1选项A.fulfillB.accomplishC.implementD.affect【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 fulfill“实现；满足；

6、使结束”；B选项 accomplish “完成；实现；达到”；C选项 implement “实施，执行；实现，使生效”；D选项 affect“影响”。句意：经理的工作不是做决定，而是执行主管做的决定。结合此处关键词 make decision（做决定），得知C选项正确。6. 单选题Susan Teller traveled and lectured throughout the country to _ education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.问题1选项A.advocateB.ac

7、quireC.proclaimD.prosecute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 advocate “提倡，拥护；为辩护”；B选项 acquire “获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项 proclaim “宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项 prosecute “检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。句意：苏珊泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。根据句意，C选项正确。7. 单选题The shell-covered animals without backbones have a nasty tendency to devour t

8、heir neighbors.问题1选项A.developB.endeavorC.deludeD.consume【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 develop“开发；进步；使成长”；B选项 endeavor “努力；尽力”；C选项 delude“欺骗；哄骗；诱惑”；D选项consume“消耗，消费；着迷”。句意：这些没有脊骨、壳覆盖的动物有一种令人讨厌的倾向，它们会吃掉它们的邻居。根据此处关键词their neighbors（他们的邻居）可排除A选项及B选项，C选项delude（欺骗）主要侧重于虚伪的意见或信念欺骗，因此也可排除。结合语境，得知D选项正确。8. 单选题The aut

9、horities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show _.问题1选项A.clockwiseB.otherwiseC.elsewhereD.likewise【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 clockwise“顺时针方向地”；B选项otherwise“另外，否则”；C选项 elsewhere“在别处；到别处”；D选项likewise“同样地；也”。句意：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但数据却没显示。根据but可知，句型表示转折，只有选项B表示转折，因此B选项符合题意。9. 单选题In her novel

10、 of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?”Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to

11、a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to sh

12、ow their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his stu

13、dy, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attenD.For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times

14、!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequentl

15、y attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and varie

16、ty of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alon

17、e has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alu

18、mni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-ye

19、ar institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the

20、thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reaso

21、n, universities that somehow establish a common bond for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reun

22、ions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma m

23、ater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment po

24、litics.” If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.1. According to the p

25、assage, Sparacinos study _.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?3. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?4. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is to _.5. What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.provided strong

26、evidence for Jaffes statementB.showed that attendees tended to excel in high school studyC.found that interest in reunions was linked with school experienceD.found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success问题2选项A.U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent su

27、ccessB.Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agenciesC.Class reunions have become a profitable businessD.Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities问题3选项A.The variety of activities for class reunionB.The special status their university enjoysC.Shared experien

28、ce beyond the campusD.Shared undergraduate experience on campus问题4选项A.introduce Rona Jaffes novelB.present the authors counterargumentC.serve as prelude to the authors argumentD.bring into focus contrasting opinions问题5选项A.A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United StatesB.Reasons for

29、 popularity and attendance for alumni reunionsC.Alumni reunions and American university traditionsD.Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Sparacinos study”可以定位到文章第三段中“In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attende

30、es had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend.”，中文翻译为：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇诺发现，作为高中生，参加者比那些选择不参加的同学更受欢迎，更常被视为有吸引力，更多地参与课外活动。可以得知B选项“表明参与者往往在高中学习中表现优异”正确。2.细节事实题。由A选项“美国的班级聚会通常是炫耀自己最近成功的机会。”可以定位到原文第三段“C

31、ertainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when t

32、hey were younger.”，中文翻译为：当然，也有一些人回来向他们以前的同学展示他们做得多么好；还有一些人喜欢观察他们同学身上发生的变化（当然，他们自己并不总是这样）。但大多数参加班级聚会的人都是为了重温年轻时的美好时光。因此可知A选项错误，符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, uni

33、versities that somehow establish a common bond for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions.”，中文翻译为：决定参加校友聚会的校友们都有一个共同的身份，这个身份基于他们在一起度过的大学生时代。出于这个原因，那些以某种方式建立了共同纽带的大学例如，因为它们规模相对较小或特别有声望往往会吸引大量校友参加聚会。可知B选项“他们大学享有

34、的特殊地位”正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“In her novel of Reunion, American Style, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I? ” 中文翻译为：在她的小说美国风格的重聚中，罗娜贾菲暗示，一次班级聚

35、会“不仅仅是一次感伤的旅程。这也是一种回答隐藏在我们所有人内心深处的问题的方式。他们比我做得好吗?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost.”，中文翻译为：贾菲的观察也许放错了地方，但并不是完全没有意义。判断出C选项“作为作者论证的前奏。”正确。5.主旨大意题。通读全文判断出答案为A选项“美国校友聚会的历史视角”，D选项“校友聚会及其对社会和经济的影响。”属于文章第四段、第五段内容，B选项“受欢迎和出席校友聚会的原因。”属于文章第二段、第三段的内容，C选项“校友聚会和美国大学传统。”属于文章第六段

36、、第七段、第八段、第九段的内容。10. 单选题There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father

37、 who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censusall of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From

38、the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of datA.These data may be quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade levelvariabl

39、es that are characterized by an underlying continuumor the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large mass of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for

40、 describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of otherwise unwieldy mass or data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human minD.This general class of problems chara

41、cteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge

42、of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate chara

43、cteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.1. With what is the passage mainly concerned?2. The word “divergent “in line 1 in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.3. Why does the author mention the “mother” and “father” in the first paragrap

44、h?4. Which of the following is NOT given an example of qualitative variable?5. According to the passage, what is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?问题1选项A.The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statisticsB.Application of inferential statisticsC.The development and use of statist

45、icsD.How to use the descriptive statistics问题2选项A.differentB.distributedC.recordedD.prominent问题3选项A.To point out that parents can teach their children statisticsB.To introduce inferential statisticsC.To explain that there are different kinds of variablesD.To present the background of statistics in a

46、humorous and understandable way问题4选项A.GenderB.HeightC.College majorD.Type of personalities问题5选项A.To compare different groupsB.To predict characteristics of the entire populationC.To detect differences not observable in the whole populationD.To compile more accurate data【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【

47、解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句 “There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。A选项“描述统计和推理统计的缺点”不符合题意。B选项“推理统计学的应用”，推理统计学只是统计学的一类，不符合题意。选项D “使用描述性统计学”跟选项B类似，描述性统计学也只是统计学的一类。因此C选项“统计学的发展和使用”正确。2.形容词词义辨析题。由题干关键字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，

48、 第一句“There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。可知A选项“different”（不同的）正确。B选项“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C选项 “recorded”（记录的）排除。D选项“prominent”（著名的）排除。3.作者意图题。由题干关键字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statistics had a mother who was dedicated t

49、o keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance.”，中文翻译为：统计学有一个“母亲”，她致力于井井有条地记录政府机构的文件（国家和统计学这两个词源于同一个拉丁语词根，status），还有一

50、个有绅士般的赌博“父亲”，他依靠数学来提高技巧，以便在几率的游戏中获胜。由中文大意得知，选项D “To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way. ”以幽默易懂的方式介绍统计学的背景符合题意。4.推理判断题。由题干关键字“qualitative variables”可以定位到原文第二段中 “the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type.” 中文翻译为

51、： 数据可能代表定性变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型。 可以得知B选项“height”没有提及，所以B选项正确。选项A “Gender”（性别），选项C “College major”（大学专业），选项D “Type of personalities”（性格类型）。5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of o

52、nly a sample of the population.”，中文翻译为：推理统计学的目的就是通过了解一个群体中一部分样本的特征来预测或估计该群体的特征。则B选项“预测整个人口的特征”正确。11. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as surgical tools in operations on people who are prone to heart attack.问题1选项A.are infectious toB.are accessible toC.are disposed ofD.are susceptible to【答案】D

53、【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项are infectious to “有传染性”；B选项 are accessible to “都可以访问”；C选项 are disposed of “正在处理”；D选项 are susceptible to “易受”。句意：医生有兴趣使用激光作为手术工具，对那些容易心脏病发作的人进行手术。根据此处关键词heart attack（心脏病）可排除A选项，B选项及C选项不符合句意也可排除，D选项are susceptible to“易受”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。12. 单选题The historic meeting of the presidents of th

54、ese two countries will greatly promote _ relationship and cooperation at all levels.问题1选项A.bilateralB.benignC.significantD.fundamental【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 bilateral “双边的；有两边的”；B选项 benign “良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的”；C选项 significant “重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的”；D选项 fundamental “基本的，根本的”。句意：两国元首的历史性会晤将有力地推动双边的关系

55、和各层次合作。结合句意，A为正确答案。13. 单选题The volcano gave warning that it would soon pop: small earthquakes shuddered beneath its surface on September 23.问题1选项A.sankB.sentC.eruptedD.shook【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项 sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted “爆发；长出”；D选项 shook “摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它很快就会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。结合此处关键词earthq

56、uakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。14. 翻译题Despite the choking smog, Beijing is still the number one choice for graduate job seekers based on its “soft environment”, according to a report published last Tuesday. The Chinese capital is the preferred choice for finding work owing to its soc

57、ial environment, economic development, infrastructure, consumption habits and internationalized atmosphere. Although metropolises are still top choices for graduates to work in, the past three years have seen more university and college graduates work in prefecture-level cities, or even smaller citi

58、es.【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示，尽管烟雾弥漫，但基于“软环境”，北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围，中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选，但在过去的三年里，越来越多的大学毕业生到地级市，甚至更小的城市工作。15. 单选题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli disagreement?问题1选项A.disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 disaster“灾

59、难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy “辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项 aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项 disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。16. 单选题In 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachi

60、ngs and renounced his obedience to the papacy.问题1选项A.announcedB.followedC.deniedD.proclaimed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced “宣布；宣称”；B选项followed “跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“ 拒绝；拒签”；D选项 proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德国修道士马丁路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词 challenged “挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根

61、据句意，推测马丁路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。17. 单选题By being over-zealous with food restriction, the dieter inadvertently makes a binge on forbidden foods far more likely and you may as well forget the idea of banning things.问题1选项A.may properlyB.had betterC.should surelyD.may probably【答案】B【解析】A选项 may properly “适当地”

62、；B选项 had better “最好”；C选项 should surely “应该”；D选项 may probably “也许可能”。句意：过度热衷于限制食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。结合此处关键词 may as well “最好”，得知B为正确答案。18. 单选题Because of the stroke, the speaking center of the brain was deaD.When she says “speaking”, she means communication in any form: writing, drawing, body

63、 language, gestures any means of expressing herself besides _ sounds.问题1选项A.vibratingB.intoningC.recordingD.vocal【答案】D【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。A选项 vibrating“振动，（使）震动；颤抖；共鸣”；B选项 intoning “缓慢庄重地说；吟咏”；C选项 recording“录音；记录；录像”；D选项 vocal “歌唱的；声音的，有声的”。句意：由于中风，大脑的说话中枢已经死亡。当她说“说话”,意味着任何形式的沟通：写作，画画，肢体语言，手势，任何方式表达自己除了的声音。联系前文，她有多种形式表达沟通，但是除了的声音，可以推测，她由于