2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第1期

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the

2、 car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollu

3、tion-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from

4、the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movemen

5、ts.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will war

6、n him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _.2. What is the authors main

7、concern?3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _.5. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?问题1选项A.its power sourceC. its monitoring systemB.C. its monitoring systemB.C.its monitoring

8、systemB. its driving systemD.its seating capacity问题2选项A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer automobiles.C.How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D.How to develop an automated subway system.问题3选项A.rail.B.An engine.C.A retractable arm.D.A computer controller.问题4选

9、项A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his destination by phone问题5选项A.Enthusiastic.B.Pessimistic.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句It should become smaller, safer, and

10、more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对

11、如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.（一

12、旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句a retractable arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句The driver will then be free to re

13、lax and wait for the buzzer that will warn him of his coming exit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse

14、.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲观的观点，根据第六段最后一句It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料

15、未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。2. 翻译题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be pro

16、vided or withheld by management. Employment itself is such a means and so are wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subs

17、istence level and is motivated primarily by higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for hi

18、mself, or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quit

19、e adequately for the satisfaction of physiological and safely needs. The only significant exception is where management practices have not created confidence in a “fair break” and thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has depri

20、ved itself of the ability to use as motivators the devices on which conventional theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incentives, or threats and other coercive devices.4. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motiva

21、te because the human needs on which this approach relies are today unimportant motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essentially useless in motivating people whose important needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant t

22、o the situation. 5. People, deprived of opportunities to satisfy at work the needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as we right predict with indolence, passivity, resistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benef

23、its. It would seem that we are caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。2. 【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的

24、手段。4. 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。3. 单选题His family had almost forgotten _ like.问题1选项A.how his face wasB.which was his faceC.what his face wasD.that his face was【答案】C

25、【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型it is like，得出C选项what his face was符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to _ for the stress that you have applied.问题1选项A.commenceB.compromiseC.compensateD.compliment【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项commence“开始；着手”；B选项compromise“妥协；折中”；

26、C选项compensate“补偿；抵消”；D选项compliment“恭维；问候”。句意：在恢复期，这些系统建立到更高的水平来_你施加的压力。根据语境，C选项compensate“抵消”搭配stress“压力”比较合理，意思指系统因为水平提升，从而可以抵消压力。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题They gave each other a gold ring to symbolize their marriage _.问题1选项A.approvalB.commitmentC.consentD.obligation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approval“批准（计划、要求等）”；B选项c

27、ommitment“承诺，保证”；C选项consent“（正式）赞同；批文”；D选项obligation“（已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任”。句意：他们互赠金戒指象征他们婚姻的_。B选项commitment“承诺；保证”在这里比较符合语境，指金戒指象征婚姻的承诺，符合题意。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题The oldest living things on Earth are trees. Some of Californias sequoias have for four thousand years looked down on the changes in the landscape

28、and the comings and goings of humans. They sprouted from tiny seeds about the time the Egyptian pyramids were being built. Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they grow, like cathedral columns holding up the sky. It is hard to imagin

29、e them playing any part in the lives of mere humans or being in any way affected by the creatures that pass at their feet.Lesser trees, however, have played an intimate role in the lives of people since they first appeared on Earth. Trees fed the fires that warmed humans: they provided shelter, food

30、 and medicine and even clothing. They also shaped peoples spiritual horizons. Trees expressed the grandeur and mystery of life, as they moved through the cycle of seasons, from life to death and back to life again. Trees were the largest living things around humans and they knew that some trees had

31、been standing on the same spot in their parents and grandparents time, and would continue to stand long after they were gone. No wonder these trees became symbols of strength, fruitfulness, and everlasting life.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the

32、 passage as a way in which people have used trees?3. The underlined phrase “giant patriarchs” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?4. The underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to which of the following?5. The author implies that, compared with sequoias, other trees

33、have _.问题1选项A.Trees grow to great heights.B.Trees have been important to people throughout history.C.Trees make humans seem superior.D.Trees that grow in California are very old.问题2选项A.For furniture.B.For fuel.C.For housing.D.For nourishment.问题3选项A.tiny seedsB.important leadersC.towering treesD.Egyp

34、tian pyramids问题4选项A.TreesB.Grandeur and mysteryC.SeasonsD.Peoples spiritual horizons问题5选项A.been in existence longerB.adapted more readily to their environmentsC.been affected more by animalsD.had a closer relationship with people【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章讲了树木在历史的发展，点出树木对人的作用，所以B选项“纵

35、观历史，树木对人类很重要”正确。A选项“树长得很高”和D选项“生长在加州的树很古老”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。C选项“树让人看起来更优越”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Trees fed the fires that warmed humans: they provided shelter, food and medicine and even clothing.（树木为人类提供了温暖的炉火：它们提供了住所、食物、药品甚至衣服。），所以这里提到了B选项“作为燃料”，C选项“建房子”和D选项“吸收其营养”，没有提到A选项“做成家具”。因此A选项正确。3.语

36、义推测题。根据第一段第三、四句They sprouted from tiny seeds about the time the Egyptian pyramids were being built. Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they grow, like cathedral columns holding up the sky.（大约在建造埃及金字塔的时候，它们从微小的种子中发芽。今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长

37、的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近，就像支撑天空的大教堂柱子。），可知这些“巨大的家长”生长在岩石和悬崖上，就像大教堂柱子一样高，所以C选项“高耸的树木”正确，A选项“小小的种子”和D选项“埃及金字塔”错误。B选项“重要的领袖”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第二段第四句Trees expressed the grandeur and mystery of life, as they moved through the cycle of seasons, from life to death and back to life again.（树木表现了生命的宏伟和神秘，因为它们在季

38、节的循环中移动，从生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它们”指的是A选项“树木”，B选项“宏伟和神秘”和C选项“四季”错误。D选项“人们的精神视野”：根据第二段第三句They also shaped peoples spiritual horizons.（它们还塑造了人们的精神视野。），这里的“它们”也指树木，故错误。因此A选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they growIt

39、is hard to imagine them playing any part in the lives of mere humans or being in any way affected by the creatures that pass at their feet.（今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近很难想象他们会在人类的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他们脚下的生物的任何影响。），可知相比于红杉树，其他树木更贴近人类生活，所以D选项“与人有更密切的关系”正确。A选项“存在更久”，B选项“更容易适应环境”和C选项“更容易受到动物的影响”文中没有提到。因此D

40、选项正确。7. 单选题We can hardly avoid making any mistakes in our work_ hard we try.问题1选项A.whateverB.howC.no matterD.however【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。此句为让步状语从句，根据后面的副词hard可以判断，答案只能从B和D选择，D项however=no matter how，根据句意：无论我们多么努力，在工作中都会不可避免地犯错误，因此D更合适。8. 单选题_makes men different from the other animals is that they can thin

41、k and speak.问题1选项A.ThatB.The thingC.AllD.What【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。题干中what从句是整个句子的主语，故后面的动词为is。B项all和C项the things少了作主语的关系代词（that），在定语从句中，做主语的关系代词是不能省略的，只有作宾语的关系代词能省略，所以B，C两项错误。9. 单选题The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biol

42、ogy and modern technology through such techniques a genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for haz

43、ardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.“In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with

44、a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which

45、leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. In essence, then, biot

46、echnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformitysome say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that pr

47、oduce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology wit

48、h high hopes, few constrains, and little idea of the potential outcomes,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.1. According to the author, biotech companies are _.2. Now biotech products are made _.3. In nature, genetic diversity is created _.4. Biotechnology has made it possible _.5. According to the

49、author, with the development of biotechnology _.问题1选项A.mostly specialized in agricultureB.likely to have big returns in their businessC.mainly concerned about the genetically engineered cropsD.those producing seeds of better properties问题2选项A.safer than those without the use of biotechnologyB.without

50、 the interference of humansC.by violating laws of natural geneticsD.within the limits of natural genetics问题3选项A.within the species itselfB.by mixing different speciesC.through natural selectionD.through section or contest问题4选项A.for us to solve the food shortage problem in the worldB.for humans to as

51、sume the cold-resistant propertyC.for plants to be produced with genes of humansD.to grow crops with the taste of farm animals问题5选项A.humans will pay for its side effectB.the species of creatures will be reducedC.we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseasesD.our living environment will be better than

52、 it is now【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology.（遗传学研究催生了一个有利可图的新产业生物技术。），可知B选项“可能因为业务收获颇丰”正确。A选项“主要研究农业”，C选项“主要关注基因工程作物”和D选项“生产品种更好的种子”：根据第一段第二句it blends biology and modern technology through such tech

53、niques a genetic engineering.（它通过基因工程技术将生物学和现代技术结合起来。），可知生物技术是将生物学和现代技术结合，不仅仅是涉及农业，关注基因工程作物和生产更好品种的种子也只是一部分，不能概括生物技术公司的业务范围，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第二段第一、二句In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be cross

54、ed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character.（“在自然界中，基因多样性是在一定范围内产生的，”基因工程、食物和我们的环境一书中说。“玫瑰

55、可以与另一种玫瑰杂交，但玫瑰永远不会与马铃薯杂交”另一方面，基因工程通常是从一种植物中提取基因，然后将其插入另一种植物中，以转移所需的特性或特性。），可知如今的生物技术违背自然遗传规则，C选项“违背自然遗传学的规则”正确，B选项“没有人类的干扰”和D选项“在自然遗传学的范围内”错误。A选项“比不使用生物技术的更安全”根据第一段最后一句But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.（但一些人对转基因作物表示担忧。），文章没有提到生物技术更安全，反而提出有的人担忧其安全性。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段

56、第一句“In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato”（“在自然界中，基因多样性是在一定范围内产生的，”基因工程、食物和我们的环境一书中说。“玫瑰可以与另一种玫瑰杂交，但玫瑰永远不会与马铃薯杂交”），可

57、知在自然界中，基因多样化发生在物种本身内，A选项“在物种本身内”正确。B选项“通过混合不同物种”，C选项“通过自然选择”和D选项“通过分离或竞争”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.（现在，用细菌、病毒、昆虫、动物甚至人类的基因改造植物已经成为可能。），可知C选项“用人类基因生产植物”正确。B选项“让人类具有耐寒的特性”根据第二段

58、倒数第三句This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant.（这可能意味着，例如，选择一种可以从北极鱼中产生具有防冻特性的化学物质的基因，并将其加入土豆或草莓中，使其具有抗冻性。），可知这里指的是让植物耐寒而非人类。A选项“为我们解

59、决世界粮食短缺问题”和D选项“种植有农场动物味道的作物”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。5.观点态度题。作者在第一段提出有人对转基因的担忧，在第二段解释基因如何违反自然规律，在第三段提出转基因可能带来的一些影响，最后引用科学家的话中暗含基因技术会带来消极影响，所以A选项“人类会为它的副作用付出代价”正确。B选项“生物的种类会减少”，C选项“我们将患的疾病种类越来越少”和D选项“我们的生活环境将比现在好”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题She wanted to join the group of men _ was to explore the mysteries of th

60、e mountains.问题1选项A.their workB.who workC.whoD.whose work【答案】D【解析】考查后置定语从句。句意：她想加入从事探索山脉奥秘工作的那群人。句子主干是She wanted to join the group of men，后面的从句修饰横线前面的men，并且横线部分作从句主语，工作和人是从属关系，所以D选项whose work符合题意。其余选项语法错误。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题These desks and seats can be _ to the height to any child.问题1选项A.adaptedB.adopted

61、C.adjustedD.attached【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapted“适应”；B选项adopted“采用”；C选项adjusted“调整；校正”；D选项attached“附加”。句意：这些课桌和椅子可以_到任何孩子的高度。根据语境，这里是指这些课桌和椅子可以调整高度，所以adjusted“调整”符合题意。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_.问题1选项A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking【答案】C【解析】考查宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系。此

62、句中的had为使役动词，其后的宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据英语语法，此处应用过去分词。本句句意：他在爬那座高山时，摔断了腿。13. 单选题Without careful investigation, never draw a conclusion since we need to have factual knowledge _ our thinking.问题1选项A.which to be based onB.which to base uponC.upon which to baseD.to which to be based【答案】C【解析】考查定语。句意：没有经过仔细调查，永远不会得出一个结论，因为我们需要事实性知识作为我们思考的基础。横线到句尾是修饰knowledge的定语，根据在事实性知识的基础上确定用upon knowledge，根据以事实性知识为基础是为了形成thinking，确定用不定式，C选项upon which to base正确。A选项which to be based on和D选项to which to be based不用被动语态，B选项which to base upon缺少upon，符合题意。因此C选项正确。14. 翻译题1. To produce the same amount of electricity,