2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解41

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Im afraid I （ ）forgot her birthday.问题1选项A.pureB.rightC.sheerD.clean【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。A选项pure“纯粹的”；B选项right“正确的”；C选项sheer“完全，彻底”；D选项clean“干净的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘记她的生日了。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题He has spent all the money and made no（ ）for the future.问题1选项A.proverbB.provisionC.prospe

2、ctD.province【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项proverb“谚语，格言”；B选项 provision“规定，条款，供应品”；C选项prospect“前途，预期”；D选项province“领域，职权”。句意：他花光了所有的钱，没有为将来做准备。选项B符合句意。3. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English夫妻财产同样属于共同财产。刑法不得溯及既往。法院驳回了原告的诉讼主张。他对债务负主要责任。本合同的任何改动或修正必须作为书面方能产生效力。【答案】Marital property is also part of the c

3、ommon property.The criminal law shall not be retroactive.The court rejected the plaintiffs claim.He was mainly responsible for the debt.Any changes or modification of this contract must be written in order to be effective.4. 单选题It goes without saying that pollution（ ）a serious threat to the continue

4、d existence of some species living on earth.问题1选项A.posesB.imposesC.provokesD.evokes【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项pose“造成，摆姿势”；B选项impose“强加”；C选项provoke“驱使，激怒”；D选项evoke“引起，唤起”。句意：毫无疑问，污染对地球上某些物种的继续生存造成了严重的威胁。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题A large building may have a heating（ ）by which all the room are steam-heated.问题1选项A.applianc

5、eB.apparatusC.furnitureD.equipment【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项appliance“器械，装置”，侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器；B选项apparatus“设备，仪器”，一般指复杂的仪器设备；C选项furniture“家具”；D选项equipment“设备，器材”，多指成套的或重型的设备或装备。句意：大建筑物可能会有暖气设备，所有的房间都是通过蒸汽加热。选项B更符合语境。6. 单选题If you want to see the future of broadband communications, look to the stars. The he

6、avens could soon be filled with more than 400 satellites providing internet users with low cost, direct-to-the-home connections that are hundreds of times faster than todays dial-up modems. With unobstructed views of virtually the entire world, satellites are poised to deliver interactive broadband

7、services in ways even advanced ground-based networks will be hard-pressed to match.The new breed of satellites will act as powerful signal repeaters in the sky, receiving and resending radio transmissions from ground-based antennas. Costing far less per unit capacity than most satellites now in serv

8、ice, they will employ new digital technologies that will improve the capacity, reliability and security of data communications. Moreover, because the systems will operate at extremely high radio frequencies, they will use narrow radio beams capable of communicating with ultra small antennas that can

9、 be easily mounted on most homes.Two types of satellite systems have been proposed. Geostationary satellites will orbit 36, 000 kilometers 22, 000 miles above the equator at the same speed as the earths rotation and thus appear from the ground to be stationary. They will communicate with fixed orien

10、tation dish antennas attached to customers homes and use advanced signal processing to compensate for transmission delays caused by the great distances their radio signals must travel. Lowearth orbit (LEO) satellites, in contrast, will circle the globe once every two hours at altitudes under 1,500 k

11、ilometers, reducing the time needed to beam signals to and from the earths surface. But they will require sophisticated subscriber antennas able to track and communicate with the fast-moving LEO satellites.Both types of satellites will avoid many of the complications that plague ground-based network

12、s. Specific advantages include the following.The dirty little secret of broadband is that the technical limitations of ground based networks will severely restrict availability. Digital subscriber line (DSL) signals decay on long telephone lines or on those of poor quality. Local multipoint distribu

13、tion service (LMDS) signals cannot penetrate leafy trees, buildings or other obstructions. Cable performance deteriorates if too many households in a neighborhood log on at the same time. Fiber-to-the-home is so costly as a retrofit that is usually considered economically viable only for new housing

14、 construction. For up to one third of the population in the U. S. and an even greater portion worldwide, satellite technology will not simply be a choice, it will be the choice.1.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?2.All of the following is mentioned as the new type of satell

15、ites is described EXCEPT（ ）.3.Why does a geostationary satellite appear to be immobile?4.What advantage does the last paragraph intend to focus on?问题1选项A.Satellites will make the access to the Internet cheaper and more convenient.B.Satellites cost less than todays dial-up modems.C.Satellites will be

16、 superior to ground-based networks to deliver interactive broad-band services.D.Ground-based antennas can send radio transmissions.问题2选项A.narrow radio beams will be usedB.new digital technologies will be takenC.the systems of them will work at extremely high radio frequencies.D.their signals can be

17、easily mounted on most homes.问题3选项A.Because it is fixed all the time.B.Because its orbit speed is the same as the earths rotation.C.Because its position is above the equator.D.Because it can communicate with fixed-orientation dish antennas.问题4选项A.Satellites can improve the availability of the Intern

18、et.B.To transmit the DSL signals without delay.C.Their signals can penetrate obstructions.D.Low cost【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“providing internet users with low cost”可知选项A正确；根据第一段最后一句“.satellites are poised to deliver interactive broadband services in ways even advanced ground-base

19、d networks will be hard-pressed to match.卫星静止不动的以先进的地面网络也难以匹敌的方式提供交互式宽带服务。”选项C符合原文。根据第二段第一句“receiving and resending radio transmissions from ground-based antennas.接收和重新发送来自地面天线的无线电传输。”选项D符合原文。只有选项B在文中没有提及，所以不正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“they will employ new digital technologies.”可知选项B正确；以及最后一句“the systems

20、will operate at extremely high radio frequencies, they will use narrow radio beams capable of communicating with ultra small antennas that can be easily mounted on most homes. 该系统将在极高的无线电频率下运行，它们将使用能够与超小型天线通信的窄无线电波束，这种天线可以很容易地安装在大多数家庭中。”选项A和C符合原文；选项D中的“signals”与原文中的“antennas”不符，所以不正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“g

21、eostationary satellite”定位到第三段第二句“Geostationary satellites will orbit 36, 000 kilometers 22, 000 miles above the equator at the same speed as the earths rotation and thus appear from the ground to be stationary. 地球同步卫星将以与地球自转相同的速度绕赤道上空36000公里、22000英里的轨道运行，因此从地面上看是静止的。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段的首句“T

22、he dirty little secret of broadband is that the technical limitations of ground based networks will severely restrict availability. 宽带的一个不为人知的小秘密是地面网络的技术限制将严重限制其实效性。”接下是进行具体的举例说明，最后提及：卫星技术将不仅仅是被选择，而是必须选择。所以由此推断，最后一段的重点是强调卫星可以提高互联网的可用性。选项A正确。7. 翻译题Translate the following Chinese passage into English全

23、球化对发达国家和发展中国家都是一个挑战。随着全球化的发展，世界各国之间的经济合作不断加强。中国拥有一个13亿人口的大市场，会为拉动世界的经济发展提供可观的动力。中国还要大规模开展基础设施的建设，改造和提升工业企业装备水平，还要不断提高农业的生产和加工能力。这些都需要在国际合作的环境中才能实现，各国之间不断扩大的经贸和各领域的合作关系，有助于推动世界经济的发展。【答案】Globalization is a challenge for both the developed and developing countries. With the development of globalization

24、, the economic cooperation among countries around the world has been strengthened constantly. China has a market as big as 1.3 billion people, which will give substantial impetus to boost the world economy. China will continue its large-scale infrastructure program, upgrade its industrial equipment

25、and improve its agricultural production as well as processing capability. All the above requires an environment of international cooperation. Cooperation among countries around the world in economy and trade and also in other fields are conducive to the growth of the world economy.8. 单选题That truck d

26、river no longer（ ）himself in drinking after experiencing the accident.问题1选项A.inducedB.immersedC.devotedD.indulged【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项induce“诱导”；B选项immerse“浸入”；C选项devote“致力于”；D选项indulge“沉溺，满足，放任”。句意：在经历了那次事故后，那个卡车司机就不再放任自己喝酒。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题If each representative present here makes his usual speech, the

27、meeting will be （ ）more than an hour.问题1选项A.expandedB.prolongedC.delayedD.exceeded【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项expand“扩张”；B选项prolong“延长”；C选项delay“延迟”；D选项exceed“超过”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一样发言，会议将延长一个多小时。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题For tens of thousands of profoundly deaf adults and children worldwide, cochlea implants have provid

28、ed a useful substitute for natural hearing. These devices electrically stimulate the auditory nerve within the cochlea, enabling many users to carry on a conversation without visual cues, such as over the telephone. But for the patients whose nerve endings have degenerated or whose auditory nerves h

29、ave been destroyed, the only hope for restoring hearing is to access later stages of the auditory system. Now California researchers are gearing up to do just that, going beyond cochlea implants with a device that will plug directly into the brain.At the Huntington Medical Research Institutes (HMEI)

30、 in Pasadena. Calif, neuro-physiologist Douglas McCreey shows off a cat that is already using the new device. Like a cochlea implant, it consists of an external speech processor and a receiver implanted under the scalp. But the wires from the receiver bypass the cochlea and instead travel all the wa

31、y to the brain stem. They end in an array of six iridium microelectrodes that penetrate the ventral cochlea nucleus, one of the auditory centers that normally receive input from the cochlea. The implant is not meant to enable McCerrys cat to hear, its natural hearing is in fact still intact. Rather

32、McCreey records the neural signals the implant produces and finds that the signals convey the frequency coded information appropriate for the comprehension of speech.In its current form the brain stem implant features an array of eight flat electrical contacts that are simply placed against the surf

33、ace of the brain stem near the ventral cochlea nucleus. The recipients of these devicesabout 150 people globallyget enough auditory information to improve their lip-reading skills and to perceive environmental sounds, but they rarely attain good speech comprehension in the absence of visual cues.1.W

34、hat does the passage mainly discuss?2.Whats the goal of California researchers mentioned in the first paragraph?3.Why does Douglas McCreery show off a cat?问题1选项A.Cochlea implants.B.Reasons of deafC.A new auditory remedy.D.Structure of the auditory system.问题2选项A.To find a new method of cochlear impla

35、nt.B.To stimulate the auditory nerve within the cochlear.C.To study cats cochlea.D.To access later stages of the auditory system.问题3选项A.To advocate people to protect animals.B.To cure the cats hearing loss.C.To carry out cochlear implant on the cat.D.To give a display of the new device【答案】第1题:C第2题:D

36、第3题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，开头提到了耳蜗植入装置使许多使用者能够在没有视觉提示的情况下进行交谈，但对于神经末梢退化或听觉神经受损的患者却没用。因此加州的研究人员正在研究一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。接下来的内容则是具体的这项新的研究，所以选项C“一种新的听觉疗法”最能概括全文。2.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Now California researchers are gearing up to do just that, going beyond cochlea implants with a device that will plug directly

37、 into the brain. 现在，加州的研究人员正准备这样做，这是一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。”原文中的“that”即上文提到的“to access later stages of the auditory system. 进入听觉系统的后期。”所以选项D正确。3.判断推理题。根据第二段第一句“At the Huntington Medical Research Institutes (HMEI) in Pasadena. Calif, neuro-physiologist Douglas McCreey shows off a cat that is already using

38、the new device. 加州神经生理学家Douglas McCreey展示了一只已经在使用这种新设备的猫。”由此可知，Douglas McCreery实际上是在展示新的设备，所以选项D正确。11. 单选题If you（ ） your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.问题1选项A.conductB.dismissC.grantD.moderate【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conduct“组织”；B选项dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理会，不予考虑”；C选项grant“授予

39、”；D选项moderate“节制，减轻”。句意：如果你不考虑自己的需求，你将会有更多的机会获得你想要的。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题Do you agree with the saying that the monkey was the（ ）of human race?问题1选项A.offspringB.successorC.breederD.predecessor【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗? 选

40、项D符合句意。13. 单选题I found there was a lot of（ ） theft in this area.问题1选项A.pettyB.prettyC.majorD.peril【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项petty“琐碎的，小规模的”；B选项pretty“漂亮的”；C选项major“主要的”；D选项peril“危及，置.于险境”。句意：我发现这个地区有很多小规模的偷盗行为。选项A更符合语境。14. 单选题Mr. Chen often（ ） his speech.问题1选项A.tumblesB.stumblesC.rumblesD.fumbles【答案】D【解析】形近

41、词辨析题。A选项tumble“摔倒”；B选项stumble“踌躇”；C选项rumble“隆隆作响”；D选项fumble“笨手笨脚地做；笨嘴拙舌地说话”。句意：陈先生经常在演讲的时候笨嘴拙舌地说话。选项D符合语境。15. 单选题Chinas resuming exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao is（ ）of Chinese prosperity.问题1选项A.indulgentB.indifferentC.indignantD.indicative【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项indulgent“放纵的，宽容的”；B选项in

42、different“冷淡的，中立的”；C选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；D选项 indicative“象征的”。句意：中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权，象征着中国繁荣昌盛。选项D符合句意。16. 翻译题We must continue with the reform in tax and fee in rural areas to lighten the burdens of farmers and protect their interests.China does not seek hegemony or predominance in world affairs. It advocat

43、es a new international political and economic order.If we do not crack down on corruption, the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people will suffer a lot and the Party will be in danger of losing its ruling position, or possibly heading for self-destruction.Nobody in any sector, public

44、or private, should offer benefits unless for a good reason.Dams are a dramatic example of a human activity that degrades freshwater ecosystems.【答案】为了减轻农民的负担和保护他们的利益，我们一定要继续进行农村税费改革。中国在世界事务中不谋求霸权或主导地位。它主张一个新的国际政治和经济秩序。如果我们不打击腐败，那么党和人们之间的血肉联系将会深受其害，并且党将会处于失去其执政地位的危险之中或可能走向自我毁灭。除非有正当的理由，否则任何部门(公共的或私人的)

45、没有人应该提供福利。水坝是人类活动使淡水生态系统退化的一个引人注目的例子。17. 翻译题Translate the following into English公民、法人的合法民事权益受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。已满16岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事贵任。【答案】The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and juristic person are protected by the law, and any organization or individual is not allowed to infringe them.A per

46、son of no less than 16 years old who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.18. 单选题Only a（ ）person would believe such an unlikely story about flying saucers.问题1选项A.credibleB.credulousC.nonsensicalD.creditable【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsensical“无意义的，

47、荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事。选项B符合语境。19. 单选题Genetically modified crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Farmerss representatives say that supp

48、lies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused entry at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material.Under Europes “zero-tolerance” laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out an entire shipment. The animal feed

49、industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain. “Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.” says Pekka Pesonen, secretary general of Copa-Cogeca, a federation

50、 of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He claims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard say 0.5 percentbeneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says such “tolerances” operate for other

51、 pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world?Last year 200,000 tons of conventional animal feed mainly soy and com were refused entry to the EU when they were found to contain small amounts

52、of GM com varieties. Then flax from Canada was found to contain traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejected tonnages is only a small part of

53、 the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen. owing to natural disaster in South America and a growing market for American farme

54、rs selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Increasing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, blit that is predicted to double twice by 2015. making screening more difficult than ever.A further conflict arises because all

55、 the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed imports have already taken place. “Once th

56、e new commission is established, it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter.” she says.1.European laws against GM products（ ）.2.Taking todays global supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that（ ）.3.What is European farmers attitude to GM according to Pekka Pesonen?4.A

57、fter some shipments are refused to be imported,（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, why did the health commission introduce the zero-tolerance policy?问题1选项A.manage to function wellB.bring troubles to farmersC.help farmers a lotD.allow food with GM material问题2选项A.GM material is possible to be preve

58、ntedB.European laws are impracticalC.Only the international supply chain can workD.Goods should be prohibited once any GM stuff is found问题3选项A.They think its reasonable for people to worry about GMs influence.B.They think its understandable to set an absolute limit on GM products.C.They will be brok

59、en if EU help them to limit GM effect.D.They think 0.5 percent is too high a standard.问题4选项A.Trade is going down all the wayB.People still sign trade on timeC.Goods are getting more expensiveD.Merchants try risking trading again问题5选项A.Because the European officials are to be replacedB.Because the po

60、licy is the result of the intensive discussion.C.Because it wants to eliminate the doubts about the GM crops safety.D.Because the price of GM crops is very high.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca组织的秘书长Pekka Pesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会

61、破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Pekka Pesonen”

62、定位到第二段的内容“Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“ The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“.introduced the zero-tolerance