2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及模拟押密卷76（含答案解析）

《2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及模拟押密卷76（含答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及模拟押密卷76（含答案解析）（30页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any （ ）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不能获得

2、任何股息。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Im worried about washing that shirt in case it （ ）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease “减少”，B项contract “收缩”，C项constringe “使收敛”，D项名词shrink “缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题A few months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundre

3、ds of people to watch their companys official introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集

4、合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Alcohols can also （ ） judgment to the extent that you may not make the best or brightest decisions in a cold weather emergency.问题1选项A.impartB.impactC.impairD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项impart “传授”，B项impact “影响”，C项impair “损害、削弱”，D项

5、impose “利用”；句意：酒精也会影响你的判断力，让你在寒冷天气的紧急情况下无法做出最佳或最明智的决定。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the gove

6、rnment. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competiti

7、ve business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopo

8、ly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete f

9、or the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even

10、 though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunit

11、y. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the

12、 idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who can benefit from business competition?4. Government i

13、s believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.

14、Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals o

15、f equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countr

16、iesB.in many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“句子The business of America is busines

17、s可能是什么意思？”。第一段truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.（真相就是在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织有更多的威望）说明美国人很关注商业。因此The business of America is business表达的意思是“商业是美国人第一关心的”。A选项“美国商业机构关注的是商业”，这个选项逻辑没问题，但是比较片面；B项“商业

18、问题对美国政府很重要”和D项“美国是全球商业的强国”没提到。故该题选C。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“美国人相信他们只有怎样才能实现他们的个人价值？”。第二段最后一句Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争不仅本身是良好的，它还是一种保护手段，其他基本的美国人价值观都是受它的

19、保护，如个人自由、机会均等和努力工作等），由此可知美国人是可以通过竞争实现他们的个人价值。B项“通过做生意”没有提到，A项“给予平等的机会”和C项“保护个人自由”都是包括在竞争的保护机制里面，最终还是通过竞争才能实现自己的价值。因此D选项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“商业竞争对谁有利？”。第三段第三句if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.（如

20、果一个商业机构试图不公平地利用它的顾客，它就会输给那些对待顾客更公平的竞争对手），由此推断出竞争不仅有利于顾客的利益，也有利于公平对待客户的商业机构。A项“诚实的商人”不够全面；C项“拥有平等和自由理想的人们”和D项“商业机构和政府”中的政府均未提及。因此B选项“商人和顾客”正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“人们认为政府与商业有显著的不同，因为政府的特点是什么？”。第四段第一句A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.（竞争

21、的商业和政府的垄断总是经常拿来对比），可以推断出政府和商业竞争相比，政府的垄断是权利上的操控，B项“保护个人自由的功能”这是竞争的特点；C项“保护美国基本价值观方面的作用”没有提到；D项“行使领导的民主方式”，只提到了政府的垄断，没有提到民主。因此A选项“对权利的绝对控制”正确。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从这篇文章可以推断出作者相信什么？”。最后一段第三句Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.（竞争的成功被

22、美国人视为基于家庭背景而产生的社会地位的替代），即美国是不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位，从而推断出，相反其他国家就要依靠社会地位。A项“美国人比其他国家的人更具野心”、C项“美国商业比其他国家更民主”和D项“其他国家的商业不像美国商业一样有竞争性”没有提到。因此B选项“许多国家的成功取决于一个人的社会地位”正确。6. 单选题During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, fo

23、r three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to （2） a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, whi

24、ch （5） I would be learning from one of the games （6）. I could hardly wait to （7） him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it （9） that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to （1

25、0） the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14）.Ten years after my chess class with Ash

26、ley, Im still putting to use what he （15） me: “the absolute most important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17）.On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent is doing and （19） the best move from among all your options.” These words still ri

27、ng true today in my （20）as a journalist.问题1选项A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down问题2选项A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay问题3选项A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired问题4选项A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor问题5选项A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant问题6选项A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest问题7选项A.interviewB.meetC

28、.challengeD.beat问题8选项A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job问题9选项A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible问题10选项A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe问题11选项A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare问题12选项A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally问题13选项A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment问题14选项A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.

29、situation问题15选项A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised问题16选项A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill问题17选项A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments问题18选项A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control问题19选项A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate问题20选项A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D

30、第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查上下文语义和动词短语。A项put forward “提出”，B项jumped at “欣然接受，急切的接受”，C项tried out “试验、考验”，D项turned down “减小，调低（声音）、拒绝”；上文说I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three cre

31、dits.（我被告知教育部门为学生提供了一门免费的课程思考象棋，这门课程有三个学分），由此可以看出是欣然/急切的接受了这门课程，因此选B。2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项waste “浪费”，B项earn “获得”，C项save “节省、储蓄、保存”，D项pay “支付”；上文提到急切的接受这门课程，推断是因为“我”想省钱；所以此处用“save”最合适，save money “省钱、存钱”；因此选C。3. 【试题解析】考查语义和形容词辨析。A项excited “感到激动的”，B项worried “担心的”，C项moved “感动的”，D项tired “疲劳的”；通过even if I we

32、rent （ ） enough about free credits, news about our （ ） was appealing enough to me句子和上文“我”对免费课程是欣然接受的态度来看，关于免费的学分“我”是感到激动的；句意：即使免费的学分不足以让我感到激动，但关于的消息就足够吸引我。因此A项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语义和名词辨析。A项title “标题”，B项competitor “对手”，C项textbook “教科书”，D项instructor “指导员、教员”；根据下文He was an international grand master （他是一位国际象

33、棋大师），由此看，此处需要填入的词义为“老师/指导员”；因此此处D项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项urge “驱策、催促”，B项demand “要求”，C项hold “持有”，D项mean “意味着”；根据句子He was an international grand master, which （ ） I would be learning from one of the games，可以推断句意是“他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味着我将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习”，因此此处D项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。A项fastest “最快速的”，B项easiest “

34、最容易的”，C项best “最好的”，D项 rarest “最罕见的”；根据上文“我”的导师是国际象棋大师，可知 “我”将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习；one of the best “最好的之一、数一数二”；此处C项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项interview “面试、采访”，B项meet “见到”，C项challenge “挑战”，D项 beat “打败”； 根据句子“I could hardly wait to （ ） him” 可以知道句意“我等不及要去见他了”；cant /can hardly wait to do sth.等不及干某事。因此此处只有B项正确。8. 【

35、试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项chance “机会”，B项qualification “资格”，C项honor “荣誉”，D项 job “工作”；上文说Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach（Maurice Ashley善良又聪明，他是以前的一位毕业生，后来回来教书），可知此处词义是“工作”；因此D项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项real “真正的”，B项perfect “完美的”，C项clear “清楚的”，D项possible “可能的”；根据句子he made it （ ）

36、 that our credits would be hard-earned猜测句意应是“他给我们说清楚了这个学分会很难拿到”；make it clear“弄清楚、说清楚”，因此此处C项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项attend “参加”，B项pass “通过”，C项skip “跳跃”，D项 observe “遵守、观察”；上文提到这个学分很难拿到，按照逻辑，此处应该是通过考试。句意：为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇论文。因此B项符合。11. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项add “添加”，B项expose “暴露”，C项apply “应用”，D项compare “比较”；上文说学分

37、很难拿，本句说“我们”必须写一篇论文，猜测句意是：我们必须写一篇论文关于怎么把我们学的知识应用到未来的职业生活中。此处需要填入的词义为“应用”；apply to “把应用到”。因此C项符合。12. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A项eventually “最终地”，B项naturally “自然地”，C项directly “直接地”，D项normally “正常地”；上文说“我们”写一篇关于怎么把课堂里学到的知识应用于未来职业中的论文，这里要表达的是递进的意思，句意是：最终我们将课堂学到的知识应用到我们的生活中。因此A项符合。13. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项game “游戏”，B项prese

38、ntation “介绍”，C项course “课程”，D项experiment “实验”；上文谈到为了通过考试，需要写一篇论文，此处应该与上文对应填course，句意是：我设法在这门课程拿了个A。因此C项符合。14. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项criterion “标准”，B项classroom “教室”，C项department “部门”，D项situation “情况”；前面说到and learned life lessons that have served me well（学到的人生经验让我受益匪浅），可以推断“我”是在这门课学到的，这是超越课堂之外的，因此应该填classroom

39、；句意是：我还学习到了课堂外对我受益匪浅的生活课程。因此B项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项teach “教”，B项write “写”，C项question “提问”，D项promise “承诺”；根据句子Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （ ） me来看，这里的he是指Ashley，即“我”的老师，老师对学生是教授。句意：十年之后，我仍然在运用Ashley在课堂上教我的方法。因此A项正确。16. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项fact “事实”，B项step “步

40、”，C项manner “方式”，D项skill “技能”；此句句意是：你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能就是如何做出好的决定。因此D项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。 A项grade “分数、等级”， B项decision “决定”，C项impression “印象”，D项comment “评论”；此处表达的应该是“如何做出好的决定”；make decision “做决定”。因此B项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项analyze “分析”，B项describe “描述”，C项rebuild “重建”，D项control “控制”；此句on every single mo

41、ve you have to （ ） a situation表达的应该是“下棋时你的每一步都要分析形势”。因此A项正确。19. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项announce “宣布”，B项signal “发信号”，C项block “阻塞”，D项evaluate “评估”；此句process what your opponent is doing and _ the best move from among all your options表达的应该是“审清你的对手要干什么，然后评估出最好的一步”。因此D项符合。20. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项role “角色”，B项desire “欲望

42、”，C项concern “涉及，关系到”，D项behavior “行为”；此句These words still ring true in my （ ） as a journalist表达的应该是“现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然正确”；另外提到了journalist “记者”，是一种职业，所以填role符合语义。因此A项正确。7. 单选题The producers refused to even talk about residuals. They put forth a simple and （ ） question:Why should any employee be pai

43、d more than once for the same job?问题1选项A.compellingB.componentC.competentD.compulsive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项compelling “令人信服的，引人注目的”，B项component “组成的”，C项competent “有能力的”，D项compulsive “强制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒绝提到剩余工资并提出了一个简单而又引人注目的问题：为什么雇主要为一次同样的工作付两次钱？因此A选项正确。8. 单选题There is a risk that （ ） chemicals might be blas

44、ted into the atmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项destructive “破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic “有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious “恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题The law can （ ） fathers to make regular payments for their children.问题1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine【答案】A【解析

45、】考查动词辨析。A项compel “强迫、迫使”，B项comply “遵守、顺从”，C项complain “抱怨”，D项combine “联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily （ ） into a nightmare of the most serious proportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A项backwash “回流、反响

46、”，B项backdate “回溯”，C项backlash “强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Just as there are teachers who simply go through the motions and drag us through the material in order to complete a required course, there are companies and jobs and bosses that do t

47、he same. That doesnt mean you have to live with it. Avoid those fear-run workplaces. Quit those jobs. Ask your friends about where they work, or about companies theyve read about or heard about where passion, excitement, and human energy are valued above all else. In those places, you will find that

48、 fear is not primary motivator for getting to results.Although Ive found that most organizations do not focus on their culture, there are also a significant number of companies who are quite clear about what they are trying to achieve. Those companies have a mission and a purpose in what they do. Th

49、e people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve. They are working on something much bigger than themselves. I learned to love my job by connecting it to joy: joy for our customers, joy for the end users of our products, joy for my team, and personal joy in what we were

50、 doing.Many believe this kind of mission focus can only occur in the non-profit world. This couldnt be further from the truth. There are successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small. They are still rare, though, so it wont necessarily be easy to find them, but it is wor

51、th your time to pursue this search. Some of you will be inclined to do what I ultimately did and start your own firm, with its own mission and purpose. Entrepreneurship for me was the enabler of a noble yet selfish pursuit: I wanted to create a company that I loved. I created my own fulfilling job,

52、but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.To learn to love your job, its important to find a job where learning is a requirement to success. Learning produces joy, regardless of the industry youre in. Become a student again. Read books, study orga

53、nizations, and stretch yourself to try new things. If you are in a technical or a support role, volunteer for sales support assignments and watch how your company interacts with its customers. Sign up for trade show booth duty and learn what others in the world are seeking from firms like yours. Lea

54、rn to present in front of others. Sign up to speak at conferences, and then go listen to other speakers. Find the ideas, the people and the companies that inspire you.1. The authors purpose in using teachers as an example is to （ ）.2. The author favors companies that （ ）.3. By “This couldnt be furth

55、er from the truth” (Line 1, Para. 3), the author means he thinks （ ）.4. What do we learn about the authors joy for his job?5. What suggestion does the author make at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.emphasize the value of commitmentB.show concern for bad work performanceC.point out the importance of jo

56、b trainingD.argue against fear-run workplaces问题2选项A.are big and ambitiousB.are customer-orientedC.motivate employees with rewardsD.focus on their self-image问题3选项A.the non-profit world has hidden rulesB.a mission tells truth about a companyC.the statement is absolutely falseD.a company truly goes aft

57、er profits问题4选项A.It depends largely on his free will and selfish pursuit.B.It comes from the satisfaction of people in his company.C.It enables him to inspire people working around him.D.It is based on his own firm belief in his business skills.问题5选项A.Seize opportunities to learn on the job.B.Play a

58、 variety of roles to be successful.C.Keep a good relationship with customers.D.Seek other firms that need your skills.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了？”。第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoid those fear-fun workplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对

59、这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持的公司？”。第二段第三句The people who work there are focused not on themselves, but on those they serve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句There a

60、re successful purpose-driven private and public corporations, large and small.（有许多成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有规模小的；C项“用奖励激励员工”和D项“关注自我形象”未提及，因此B选项正确。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“通过第三段第一行This couldnt be further from the truth，作者的意思是他认为？”。第三段第一句Many believe this kind of in the non-profit world.（很多人认为这种

61、专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面）与This couldnt be further from the truth.（这与事实相差甚远）衔接，第二句话是作者觉得很多人认为的这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面的想法是错误的。A选项“非盈利组织有隐藏规则”没有提到；B选项“使命揭示了公司的真相”，这不是作者表达的意思；D选项“一个公司真正追求的是利益”，这个是人们认为公司是以利益为目标的，不是作者的看法。因此该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于作者的工作乐趣我们了解到什么？”。第三段最后两句Entrepreneurship for me was the enabl

62、er of a noble yet selfish pursuit I create my own fulfilling job, but it would only be fulfilling to me if it were also rewarding for those who worked around me.（创业精神促使我走上了一条崇高但自私的追求之路我创造了令我有成就感的工作，但是如果这项工作对我周围工作的人没有回报的话，那么对我来说也没有成就感可言了）；从这两句看，作者的快乐是来自于他身边的人得到了回报，最终是得到身边人对工作的满意度。A项“主要取决于他自由的意志和自私的追求”这是作者的创业精神，不是工作的乐趣；C项“工作使他去激励身边的人”，真正的快乐是对身边的人赋予回报，不仅仅是激励，文中也没有提到激励；D项“基于他对自己的商业