2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第118期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all（ ） to the flow of ideas shall be removed.问题1选项A.propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances【答案】D【解析】prophecies预言；transactions交易，事务；arguments辩论；hindrances障碍，妨碍。句意：必须保证言论自由，最终思想流动的一切障碍都应消除。选项D符合句意。2

2、. 单选题What（ ） about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed all attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that tragedy.问题1选项A.worked me outB.knocked me outC.brought me upD.put me forward【答案】B【解析】work out算出，解决；knock sb. out把某人打昏，使疲劳；bring sb. u

3、p把某人抚养大；put forward提出。句意：报纸上那篇文章让我大吃一惊的是，它的作者在面对那场悲剧时，表现出了足够冷静、足够专业的态度，因此也足够残忍。选项B符合语境。3. 单选题Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and （ ）, women live about six years longer than men on an average.问题1选项A.instead ofB.constantlyC.consequentlyD.because【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，前后构成因果

4、关系，前面是因，后面是由此产生的结果，所以选项C符合语境。4. 单选题Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress（ ） for the occasion.问题1选项A.has been cleanedB.should have been cleanedC.is being cleanedD.has been cleaning【答案】A【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本

5、应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。5. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】上下文语义。句意：记得要为这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们不会提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。6. 单选题Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful

6、things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the f

7、ire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldierand some do exist一is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.In our first sentence we suggested that fear

8、ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe; an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away

9、some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and

10、successful actions to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you can not prevent an airplane crashing

11、 onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.1.Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if （ ）.2.A

12、 really fearless soldier （ ）.3.Fear should be used properly because （ ） .4.People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because （ ）.5.Which of the following statements is implied but not stated?问题1选项A.they were given no warning beforehandB.they had never burnt themselvesC.they had no sense of

13、painD.they were fearful of the fire问题2选项A.is of little use to the armyB.is without equalC.is nothing but a dead soldierD.easily gets killed in a battle问题3选项A.an airplane may crash on your houseB.you may get cancerC.fear can be used as a servant and guideD.men are now letting fear rule them too much问

14、题4选项A.they have gained experienceB.they jump out of the way in timeC.they are calm in face of dangerD.they are warned of the danger and can take quick action问题5选项A.Fear is always something helpful.B.Too much fear is harmful.C.Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide.D.Fear is something unprofita

15、ble【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away.”如果火在燃烧时没有伤到孩子，他们就会一直玩到火烧到自己的手为止。选项B符合原文。2.细节推断题。根据关键词“fearless soldier”定位到第一段第四句“A really fearless soldierand some do exist一is not a good soldier because

16、 he is soon killed; ”一个无畏的士兵不是一个好士兵,因为他很快就会被杀。选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide.”重要的是不要让恐惧支配你，而是要把恐惧当作你的仆人和向导。选项C符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据题第三段的二三句“Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to tak

17、e. In many cases, you can take quick and successful actions to avoid the danger.”恐惧会警告你有危险；然后你必须决定采取什么行动。在大多数情况下，你可以采取快速和成功的行动来避免危险。选项D符合原文。5.推断题。选项A中always表述错误；选项C是原文已经阐明的观点；选项D不符合原文。只有选项B正确且符合原文。7. 单选题The news commentator says that the argument the speaker has presented does not（ ） water.问题1选项A.ha

18、veB.containC.includeD.hold【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。hold water意为“站得住脚，合情合理，说得通”。这里指演讲者提出的论点说不通。选项D正确。8. 单选题Some of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting group on the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced their own laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in

19、the chatting group in the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole night. The only sound came from tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of them sighed and said, “thats ridiculous.”Information Technology brings about revolutionary changes to human communication. The Interne

20、t makes theworld global village; that is to say, we can get in touch with each other swiftly regardless of ones location. However, does the convenience in communication mean that we are actually getting closer? I dont think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made my fellow classmat

21、es fall in silence. The Cambridge International Dictionary defines “communication” as “various methods of sending information between people and places.” while it defines “communicate” as “to be able to understand each other and have a satisfactory relationship.” Therefore. The booming of IT in mode

22、rn society is only the booming of communication. Exchanging ideas and mutual understanding between people do not base on such booming. On the contrary, due to the revolutionary changes, were getting farther from each other to some extent.Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expressi

23、on doesnt necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. When we waffle with a mere acquaintance ,we normally conceal our true feelings. Thus, we dont establish communication with him, because we do not need him to understand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such se

24、paration of form and content.The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and express ourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recent statistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today. Bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog

25、 and give comments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon the bloggers inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are not always that perfect.Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression. Once you open the Explorer and browse a website, trash informa

26、tion about sex and violence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chat room and Bulletin Board System (BBS). When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer such vulgarity into their personal spaces, and show it to the public.In the era of the Information Technology boom, the farthest dist

27、ance on earth is no longer the polar distance. The negative impacts brought about by cyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we cannot communicate to each other like before, the distance between peoples hearts has become the farthest distance on earth.1.The most ridiculous part

28、 of the anecdote is that（ ） .2.According to the author, Information Technology（ ） .3.The author believes that the booming of IT in modern society（ ） .4.The prosperity of blog does not help us to touch each other because（ ） .5.The author believes that in the era of the Information Technology boom the

29、 distance between peoples hearts has become the farthest distance on earth because（ ） .问题1选项A.there was a dead silence in the dorm room the whole nightB.the only sound came from tapping the keyboardC.those living in the same room communicated by sending messages via the NetD.they all faced their own

30、 laptops问题2选项A.brings people closer to each otherB.results in silence among her fellow classmatesC.enables us to reach anyone swiftlyD.helps to make the world a global village问题3选项A.encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understanding between peopleB.leads to soul touching communication and

31、 understandingC.helps to establish a satisfactory relationshipD.results in further separation between people问题4选项A.many people abuse their right of free expression on the NetB.vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers personal spacesC.bloggers express themselves on the Net at their willD.anyone i

32、s able to read blog and give comments问题5选项A.there is always a silenceB.people are not able to communicate to each other like beforeC.the Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express ourselvesD.people can scold and flirt in the chat room at will【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，这个

33、轶事最荒谬的是：大家待在同一个宿舍里，却通过网络发送信息进行交流。选项C符合原文。2.根据第二段的第二句“The Internet makes theworld global village; that is to say, we can get in touch with each other swiftly regardless of ones location.”互联网使世界成为地球村；也就是说，我们可以很快地联系到对方，不管对方在哪里。选项C符合原文。3.根据第二段最后一句“On the contrary, due to the revolutionary changes, were

34、getting farther from each other to some extent.”信息技术使我们彼此在某种程度上越来越疏远。选项D符合原文。4.根据倒数第二段第一句“Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression.”许多网民滥用他们的言语自由权。选项A符合原文。5.根据最后一段最后一句“Since we cannot communicate to each other like before, the distance between peoples hearts has become the farthest d

35、istance on earth.”由于我们不能像以前那样互相交流，人与人之间的心的距离已经成为地球上最远的距离。选项B符合原文。9. 单选题People innately（ ） for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.问题1选项A.striveB.ascertainC.justifyD.adhere【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。strive for意为“争取, 奋斗”；选项B为及物动词；选项C和D通常与介词to搭配。所以选项A正确

36、。10. 单选题It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for

37、rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the bosss job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His busines

38、s savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry, so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very topand on the way upexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of

39、 his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provid

40、es him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives

41、out of the running. But his doctors admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic

42、and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each others managerial ranks.1.We can infer from the second paragraph that（ ）. 2.The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of（ ）. 3.From the last paragraph we can gather that （ ）.4.For executiv

43、es, according to the article, a golf course is a place where （ ） .5.What is NOT true according to the article?问题1选项A.promotion depends on amiabilityB.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top levelC.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinatesD.a c

44、hief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry问题2选项A.hallucination exerciseB.physical exerciseC.meditation exerciseD.entertainment问题3选项A.there are too many aggressive executivesB.individual talent is not essential for a companyC.the job of an “executive search firm” is co

45、rporate head-huntingD.it is not common for companies to undermine each others managerial ranks问题4选项A.they can conduct their businessB.they can indulge themselvesC.they can cultivate their mindD.they can exercise as well as socialize问题5选项A.Executives tend to ignore doctors advice and warnings.B.Execu

46、tives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，选项A, B, C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。2.语义辨析题。根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。3.细节

47、判断题。根据最后一段首句“Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry.”可知选项C与原文相符。4.细节判断题。根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。选项D符合原文。5.细节判断题。根据第一段第一句“It is not unusual f

48、or chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。11. 单选题（ ） the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.问题1选项A.Having wrappedB.To wrapC.WrapD.Wrapping【答案】A【解析】这里是动词的现在分词作伴随

49、状语，根据主句的时态可知，本句应用现在完成时。所以选项A正确。12. 单选题Topics for composition should be （ ） to the experiences and interests of the students.问题1选项A.concernedB.dependentC.connectingD.relevant【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与相连”；be relevant to意为“与有关的”。选项D符合语境。13. 单选题The United States is a

50、country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and cant be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of.The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came w

51、ere mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France.One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost

52、 every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians.One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity.

53、Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different

54、reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group.Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. The

55、re is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country.Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist

56、 from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.1.Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?2.In the first paragraph t

57、he word “told” means （ ）.3.This passage implies that discrimination is a problem which （ ）.4.The main reason why the Indians are most discriminated against is that （ ）.5.The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania （ ）.问题1选项A.The United States is a country made up of many different races.B.Discriminati

58、on is the most serious problem in the United States.C.All races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.D.The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.问题2选项A.separatedB.distinguishedC.revealedD.made known问题3选项A.many races in

59、 the United States have experiencedB.will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC.has already been solved in the United StatesD.is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States问题4选项A.they have tried hard to keep their religionsB.they have tried hard to live together

60、 to keep their Indian customsC.they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identifyD.they discriminate many other races问题5选项A.to escape discriminationB.to keep together in a racial groupC.to enjoy themselves in their own townsD.for religious reasons【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨题。原文第一

61、段第一句指出美国是一个由许多不同种族组成的国家，由此引出种族歧视，但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句，所有的种族都帮助美国成为一个伟大的国家。选项C符合原文。2.语义题。根据原文句意，通常它们是混合在一起的，无法区分。由此可推测，told指无法区分的，选项B符合句意。3.细节推断题。根据第三段第五句“Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination.”几乎每一个群体最终都能摆脱这种歧视。说明每个种族都曾经历过歧视，所以选项A正确。4.细节推理题。根据第四段第一句“One reason the Indians

62、are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity.”印第安人受到歧视的一个原因是他们一直努力保持自己的身份。选项B符合原文。本题容易错选A，第四段最后一句提到的是荷兰人由于宗教原因与其他种族分开，而不是印第安人，所以不正确。5.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“They live separately for religious reasons.”可知选项D正确。14. 单选题John played basketball in college and（ ） active ever since.问题1选项A.have extremely beenB.has been extremelyC.will be extremelyD.should extremely be【答案】B【解析】根据ever since可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去的影响一直持续到现在。所以选项B正确。15. 翻译题但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果许多疾病真