2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解28

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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称容易滋生误解，好像过 此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以 古人皓首穷经，头发白了还在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确有浓厚的趣味。【答案】From primary to secondary s

2、chool, what we learn is nothing more than some basic knowledge. Even during the four years of university, the courses are still quite superficial. A university has often been misleadingly regarded as the highest seat of learning, as if there were nothing more to learn beyond it. The research institu

3、te of a university is the place for the preliminary study of knowledge, and the study here is only a rough one, focusing on the research method and practice. Learning is an endless process, and ones life is too short. That is why some ancient people continued to study even when they were hoary-heade

4、d. They were motivated by an enormous interest in their studies.2. 单选题His originality as a composer is （ ）by the following group of songs.问题1选项A.exemplifiedB.createdC.performedD.realized【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。exemplify “例证”；create “创造”；perform “执行；表演”；realize “意识到；实现”。下面的这些歌曲能够佐证他是一个原创作曲家。选项A符合题意。3. 翻译题T

5、ranslate the following short paragraphs into English如今，计算机在社会上起着重要的作用。他们明显地改变了我们工作、学习和购物 的方式。但是，尽管计算机产业正给我们带来以往梦想不到的好处，它也造成一些严重 的问题。譬如说，人们越来越担心电力通讯方面不道德的行为。盗版、窃取数据以及病 毒破坏活动十分猖獗。这些行为应视作为犯罪吗？我们怎样才能制止这些行为？人们的 另一个忧虑与过分依赖计算机有关。计算机不像人们想象的那样可靠，因特网上的猎息 有可能是虚假的。更糟糕的是，过度依赖计算机也许会削弱我们进行挑剔思维的能力， 还会在人们之间造成陣碍。受海啸影

6、响最轻的马来西亚，在海啸发生后，当地的第二大支柱产业一一旅游业一 一大受影响。1月19日马来西亚旅游部门的相关官员就表示，政府也在积极地采取对策， 希望能尽快地恢复各国游客的信心。马来西亚旅游局官员表示，海啸中马来西亚没有外 国游客死亡，旅游设施也完好，受影响的西岸一些酒店己经正常营业。【答案】Nowadays, computers play an important role in our society. They obviously change the way we work, study and shop. However, computer industry is offering

7、 benefits that we never dreamed of before, it also leads to some serious problems. For instance, there is an increasing concern over unethical behavior in electronic communication. Piracy, hacking and virus sabotage are rampant. Should these behaviors be regarded as crimes? How can we stop them? The

8、 other problem is about overreliance on computers. Computers are not as reliable as people think. Information on the Internet may be false. Whats worse, overreliance may impair our critical thinking, and set up barriers between people.Tourism, the second biggest pillar industry in Malaysia, was affe

9、cted after the tsunami which brought least damage to Malaysia. On Jan. 19, the relevant officials of Malaysian tourism department said that the government was actively taking countermeasures, expecting to restoring confidence of tourists from different countries. The officials said that no foreign t

10、ourists died and tourism facilities were intact. Some hotels damaged on the western coast have operated normally.4. 单选题A big problem in lemming English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for （ ）interaction with proficient speakers of English.问题1选项A.instantaneousB.provocativeC.verbalD.dua

11、l【答案】C【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。instantaneous “瞬间的;即时的”； provocative “刺激的”；verbal “口头的；言语的”；dual “双的；双重的”。句意：英语作为外语学习的一大问题是缺乏与精通英语的人的口头交流的机会。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Opinion poll surveys show that the public see scientists in a rather unflattering light.Commonly the scientist is also seen as being male. It is true that mo

12、st scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as female.The image most people have of science and scientists comes from their own experience of school science, and

13、from the mass media_ Science teachers themselves See it as a problem that so many school pupils find school science an unsatisfying experience, though over the last few years more and more pupils, including girls, have opted for science subjects.In spite of excellent documentaries, and some good pop

14、ular science magazines, scientific modes in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential for enormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of “good” scientists saving the world, an

15、d mad scientists trying to destroy it.From all the many scientific stories which might be given media treatment, those which are chosen are usually those which can be framed in terms of the usual news angles: novelty, threat, conflict or the bizarre. The routine and often tedious work of the scienti

16、st slips from view, to be replaced: with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities (as in embryo research), threatening public health (as in weapons research), or fighting it out with each other (in giving evidence at public enquiries such as those held on the issues conne

17、cted with nuclear power).The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the productof individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scientific work possible. A further effect of this is that science comes to be seen as a thing in itself: a ki

18、nd of unpredictable force a tide of scientific progress.It is no such thing, of course. Science is what scientists do; what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates, and what is clone with their work depends very much on who has the power to change their discoveries into technology,

19、and what their interests are.1.According to the passage, ordinary-people have a poor opinion of science and scientists partly because （ ）.2.Fewer girls than boys study science because（ ）.3.Media treatment of science tends to concentrate on（ ）.4.According to the author, over-personalization of scient

20、ific work will lead science（ ）.5.According to the author, what a scientist does（ ）.问题1选项A.of the misleading of the mediaB.opinion polls are unflattering.C.scientists are shown negatively in the mediaD.science, is considered to be dangerous问题2选项A.they think that science is too difficultB.they are oft

21、en unsuccessful in science at schoolC.science is seen as a mans jobD.science is considered to be tedious问题3选项A.the routine everyday work of scientistsB.discoveries that the public will understandC.the more sensational aspects of scienceD.the satisfactions of scientific work问题4选项A.isolation from the

22、rest of the worldB.improvements on school systemC.association with femalenessD.trouble ha recruiting young talent问题5选项A.should be attributed to his individual geniusB.depends on the coordination of the societyC.shows his independent powerD.is unpredictable【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.文章第三段提到人们

23、对于科学的认知大多来源于他们在学校关于最科学的学习以及大众媒体。文章第五段和第六段讲述了大众媒体对科学工作的负面描述和夸大（The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work），因而导致了人们对科学和科学家们有误解，选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys op

24、t for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as female提到看为什么大部分科学家是男性，女性很少的原因，因为她们认为科学就是男性的工作，因此选项C符合题意。3.文章第五段The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced: with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities, threatening

25、public health, or fighting it out with each other提到媒体关注的重点不再是科学实验这些繁琐的工作，而是将关注点放在科学家们没有公共道德情感、危害公众健康或者相互争斗等等，选项C符合题意。4.文章第六段第一句The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the product of individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scienti

26、fic work possible提到大众媒体将科学工作过分私人化。作者认为如果脱离了社会组织，科学工作将无法进行。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到科学家们的工作是为了促进社会的进步what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates，因此他们依靠的是整个社会的协作，选项B符合题意。6. 单选题School started on a（ ）cold day in February.问题1选项A.severeB.bitterC.suchD.frozen【答案】B【解析】考察形容词、副词词义辨析。severe “严厉的”；bi

27、tter “严寒刺骨地”；such “这样的”；frozen “冻结的”。句意：在二月份极度寒冷的一天开学了。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The （ ）in Janets character has hindered her from advancement in her career.问题1选项A.weaknessB.meritC.defectD.shortcoming【答案】C【解析】考察名词词义辨析。weakness“弱点，嗜好”；merit“优点，长处”；defect “缺点，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺点，短处”。句意：Janet性格上的缺陷阻碍了她的事业上升。选项C符合题意。

28、8. 单选题One of the pleasantest things in the world is going on a journey: but I like to do it myself can enjoy society in a room, but out of doors, nature is company for me. I am then never less alone than when alone. I cannot see the wit of walking and talking at the same time. When I am in the count

29、ry, I wish to vegetate like the country. I like solitude, when I give myself up to it, for the sake of solitude; nor do I ask for a friend in my retreat, whom I may whisper sweet. Give me the clear blue sky over my head, and the green turf beneath my feet, a winding road before me, and a three hours

30、 march to dinner and I begin to feel, think, and be myself again. Instead of an awkward silence, broken by attempts at wit or dull commonplaces, mine is that undisturbed silence of the heart which alone is perfect eloquence.Others have different opinions. Let me have a companion of myself: says the

31、novelist Lawrence Sterne, were it but to remark how the shadows lengthen as the sun declines It is beautifully said: but in my opinion, this continual comparing of notes interferes with the involuntary impression of things upon the mind and dilutes the experience. If you have to explain what you fee

32、l, it is making a tool of a pleasure. You cannot read the book of nature without being perpetually put to the trouble of translating it for the benefit of others.There is one subject on which it is pleasant to talk on a journey. I grant, and that is. What one shall have for supper when we get to our

33、 inn at night. Every mile of the road heightens the flavor of the meal we expect at the end of it. How fine is it to enter some old town, walled and turreted, just at approach of nightfall, or to come to some straggling village, with the lights steaming through the surrounding gloom; and then after

34、inquiring for the best entertainment that the place affords, to take ones ease at ones inn !These eventful moments in our lives history are too precious, too foil of solid, heart-felt happiness to be frittered and dribbled away in solitude.1.The author of the passage would agree with which of the fo

35、llowing statements about traveling alone?2.The statement in lines 2-3( I am. alone )is an example of （ ）.3.Steme mentions the shadows (line 11) as an example of a（ ）.4.In the last paragraph of this passage, the author does which of the following?5.The physical description of the “town(line 18) and v

36、illage” (line 19) primarily convey a sense of （ ）.问题1选项A.Its enjoyment is largely a matter of personal inclinationB.Its difficulties are easily underestimated by inexperienced traveler.C.It enables one to make much better time than when traveling with a companionD.It is not as much fun as traveling

37、with another person问题2选项A.an apologyB.a metaphorC.a paradoxD.a euphemism问题3选项A.specialized insight that only a seasoned traveler can bring to bear on a situationB.observation that travelers might enjoy sharing nonethelessC.thoughtless comment that travelers are apt to make to their guidesD.beautiful

38、 sight that cannot be communicated accurately to those who do not travel frequently问题4选项A.admits to a sudden change of heartB.notes an exception to a previously stated preferenceC.expresses regret about an overly sweeping generalizationD.points out a common misconception问题5选项A.foreboding isolationB.

39、rural povertyC.eccentric customD.provincial charm【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段提到作者喜欢一个人住，就算到了户外，自然这个伴侣对他来说也已经足够（but out of doors, nature is company for me），文章第二段第一句提到其他人有不同观点（Others have different opinions）。选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段第二句话I am then never less alone than when alone提到那时候我虽然身体上是孤独的，但是我从不

40、觉得孤独。选项C “似是而非的隽语”，表示貌似矛盾，实际上蕴含了人生哲理，符合题意。3.文章第二段第二句话Let me have a companion of myself: says the novelist Lawrence Sterne, were it but to remark how the shadows lengthen as the sun declines提到斯特恩曾讲过“哪怕那个陪伴我的人只讲一些太阳落山，影子变斜之类的话都可以”。但是在作者看来，这种做法会破坏一个人对自然的感受，影响心绪。因此，作者提到“阴影”这个例子是为了说明伴侣之间的行处话题，选项B “旅行者仍然可

41、能喜欢分享”符合题意。4.作者在前文中提到喜欢旅行独处，因为不断交换意见会扰乱心神，但是最后一段中提到旅途中有一个话题是很愉快的，那就是就餐问题（There is one subject on which it is pleasant to talk on a journey. I grant, and that is. What one shall have for supper when we get to our inn at night），这就是上文中独处不语的例外。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到能够进入到一个小镇是一件令人愉快的事，可以领略到不同的风土人情（How fine i

42、s it to enter some old town, walled and turreted, just at approach of nightfall, or to come to some straggling village, with the lights steaming through the surrounding gloom; and then after inquiring for the best entertainment that the place affords）。可知，小镇跟村庄的描绘传达的是乡土魅力，选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Very few peopl

43、e could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very （ ）.问题1选项A.intriguingB.indefmiteC.obscureD.dubious【答案】C【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。intriguing “有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite “不确定的”；obscure “昏暗的，朦胧的”；dubious 可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能够理解教授演讲的内容，因为主题非常晦涩。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Disagreements among economi

44、sts are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economistsboth conservative and liberalconcluded that “an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.”Why the consensus? International free t

45、rade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe. The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldnt trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money s

46、pent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesnt matter whether the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong (or anywhere else).The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces co

47、mpanies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher, prices. Americans pay an enormous price for protectionismover $ 60 billion a year or $ 1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the

48、 world price for sugar.Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by allowing nation to capitalize on their strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become

49、 self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us. Similarly, we could become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to buy some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Trade between our two countries improve

50、s the standard of living in both.Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. It taxes most heavily the people who can least afford it. Thus, tariffs that raise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite the powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world

51、have always been protectionists to some degree. This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special-interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spr

52、ead by the special interests themselves.1.The economists （ ）.2.The two partners in a free trade（ ）.3.What is the authors attitude toward protectionism denoted from the 3rd paragraph?4.Why has protectionism always been exercised even if it is wasteful and unjust?5.According to the free trade principl

53、e, the author suggests that（ ）.问题1选项A.disagree whether to restrict free trade or notB.agree on free tradeC.agree on the restriction of internal tradeD.hold different arguments because of their different interests.问题2选项A.do not care at allB.care for different thingsC.care for the things being tradedD

54、.care for the same things问题3选项A.SincereB.AppreciativeC.GratefulD.Ironic问题4选项A.It helps to establish national industry of ones ownB.It can achieve an independent economyC.It is favored by general publicD.It benefits some privileged few.问题5选项A.U.S. explore its oil shaleB.Saudi Arabia build its own ind

55、ustryC.Saudi Arabia import food from the U.S.D.U.S. become more self-sufficient in food.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.考察细节事实问题。文章第一段第一句Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade提到经济学家之间的不一致有很多，但是在自由贸易上却一致。选项B符合题意。2.考察推理判断问题。文章第三段第一句The case for free trade r

56、ests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldnt trade提到自由贸易双方关注的问题是 “获利”，因此二者关心的是同一问题。选项D符合题意。3.考察观点态度问题。文章第三段提到国际自由贸易导致竞争，而竞争会促使产品质量的提升。而贸易保护主义会导致垄断，比如美国。该段最后一句提到由于美国施行贸易保护主义，使得美国居民要花两倍的价钱来买糖（Thanks to protectionism, for example, American

57、 consumers pay twice the world price for sugar）。本意是保护本国贸易，却导致居民消费成本大幅度增加，因此可以看出作者是带有讽刺口吻在述说这件事。选项D符合题意。4.考察细节事实问题。文章倒数第一段倒数第二句This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special-interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed提到自

58、由贸易受益的是普通大众，而贸易保护主义受益的是一些特殊集团。选项D符合题意。5.考察推理判断问题。文章第四段第二句The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us提到沙特阿拉伯如果想要食物自给自足的话需要大量的灌溉，而向美国购买粮食则经济很多，因此选项C符合题意。11. 单选题The poor old man was （ ）with dia

59、betes and without proper medical treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very soon.问题1选项A.sufferedB.afflictedC.inducedD.infected【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。suffer “遭受”；afflict “折磨”；induce “诱导”；infect “感染”。句意：这为可怜的老人患有糖尿病，如果没有适当的治疗，他就会丧失视力，很快就会残废。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Spread across the United States

60、are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% of Americas 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, ma

61、ny of them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine.The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical boards, but they are ov

62、erwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even a fraction of them. Recently, however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice

63、curtailed. The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right for the states and the federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered unsatisfactory.Yet putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy. Of the 35 doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly populated rural areas. On March 27th,