2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第196期

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As the firms business increased they more and more employees.问题1选项A.took upB.took inC.took afterD.took on【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。took up开始（从事），占据（时间，地方）；took in吸收；took after与相像，took on雇用，承担。句意：随着公司业务的增长，他们雇用了越来越多的员工。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题Content is the subject matter of architec

2、ture, the element in architectural expression that communicates specific meanings that（） to society the functions and techniques of buildings.问题1选项A.interpretB.tellC.identifyD.modify【答案】A【解析】interpret解释，诠释；tell 告诉，告知；identify证实；modify修饰，更改。句意：内容是建筑的主题，是建筑表达中传达特定意义的元素，向社会诠释建筑的功能和技术。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题A su

3、rvey earlier this year found that about 50 percent of South Africans think that “most” or “almost all” governmental officials are involved in（ ）.问题1选项A.robberyB.violationC.corruptionD.stealing【答案】C【解析】robbery抢劫，盗窃；violation侵害； corruption贪污，腐败；stealing偷窃。句意：今年早些时候的一项调查发现，大约50%的南非人认为“大多数”或“几乎所有”政府官员都与

4、腐败 有关。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】came off 举行，成功；went off爆炸，离去；brought out 出版，生产；made out理解，辨认出。句意：在深谷里建发电站是困难的，但正如我们所希望的那样成功了。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题The work that women do has al

5、ways been fundamental to the global economy. But their contribution hasnt registered with traditional economic institutions because so much of it has been nonmonetary. In fact, one common economic term for nonmonetary work is inactivity. Its that attitude that has made womens work invisible. No wond

6、er the battle cry of the womens movement was equality.By moving into the world of paid work, in rich countries at least, women have indeed upped their visibility. But I doubt that you could, make a very conclusive case that they have become equal to men. The United Nations estimated in 1993 that eco

7、nomic equality between the sexes would take, at the pace then prevailing, 1,000 years to achieve. The media love female high fliers, the handful of company directors and CEOs who are trotted out time and again as evidence of the gains women have made. But they are not truly representative of the ave

8、rage working woman, saddled with a double burden as she tries to balance her job with life as a mother and homemaker.This balancing act is a formula for unfulfillment. It would have been far more equitable for women in the long run if it was the nonmonetary work that had been shared out if, for exam

9、ple, men spent more than a fraction of the time with their children that their wives do. And I believe that, in practice, most women would prefer simple fairness to economic equality. As my friend Hazel Henderson says, our kids didnt want to see us turn into the best bloody men.Still, its very much

10、a trend to focus on the global economic impact of women, particularly as its felt in the small-scale initiatives that women have established around the world. Dealing directly with economically marginalized communities and cooperatives around the globe, Ive seen how women hold a society together. Ec

11、onomic opportunity means much more to them than money. It also fosters the fundamentals of self-esteem: education, health care, cultural continuity and the chance to protect the past while shaping a future.A sense of community is one of the so-called “feminine” values that ethical business thinkers

12、put forward in their quest for new paradigms. These values reflect intimate personal and cultural attributes that are in many ways the reverse of the global-market syndrome, which is all about distance, impersonality and the movement of capital regardless of human consequence. You dont have to wonde

13、r what would happen if we could feminize economic activity and economic relations. There is already plenty of evidence in the work of some pioneering female thinkers whose concern about the society their children will inherit promises to fundamentally change global economics.In fact, most of the fin

14、ancial sectors innovative thinking on socially responsive investing has come from women. Why am I not surprised? Globalization is a mugs game being played in a Mans world. I can imagine a day when compassion counts as much as cash flow. After all, the challenges that confront the business world alre

15、ady demand a holistic perspective. And who is going to be best equipped to face that future?1.According to the writer, most women（ ） .2.The expression saddled with in Line 10 of Paragraph 2 means（ ）.3.The fifth paragraph suggests that in economic activity and economic relations, women（ ） .4.By sayin

16、g Globalization is a mugs game being played in a mans world, the writer means（ ）.5.The writer implies in the last paragraph that the persons who are going to be best equipped in world economy are（ ） .问题1选项A.want to demonstrate how responsible they are in doing businessB.are ignorant of the global ec

17、onomyC.just seek simple fairness rather than equalityD.are fed up with their husbands spending less time their children问题2选项A.let downB.put up withC.played upD.burdened with问题3选项A.are much more compassionate than menB.are less qualified than menC.can make a lot of intimate friendsD.attach much impor

18、tance to economic consequences问题4选项A.it is men who can really have the economic globalization materializedB.men are unlikely to succeed in economic globalizationC.men do not take economic globalization seriouslyD.it is a piece of cake for men to globalize the world economy问题5选项A.university studentsB

19、.futuristsC.menD.women【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第三段的倒数第二句“And I believe that, in practice, most women would prefer simple fairness to economic equality. ”我认为，实际上大多数女性更喜欢简单的公平，而不是经济上的平等。选项C符合原文。2.根据第二段的最后一句“ But they are not truly representative of the average working woman, saddled with a

20、 double burden as she tries to balance her job with life as a mother and homemaker.”但她们并不能真正代表普通职业女性，在努力平衡工作与母亲和家庭生活的过程中，她们背负着双重负担。选项D符合原文。3.第五段的内容主要是讲共同体意识也是商业伦理思想者提倡的所谓的“女性”价值之一。它与只着眼于金钱，而不考虑人格和文化特征的全球经济模式不同。根据第六段提到的，由于未来的商业社会要求采取整体性思维和更具同情心，而女性在这样的环境中更有发展，所以选项A符合原文。4.“mugs game”指费力不讨好的事。这里指商业世界面临

21、的挑战已经需要一个全面的视角。说明男性在经济全球化中不太可能成功。选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的第一句“most of the financial sectors innovative thinking on socially responsive investing has come from women.”财政部门大多数对社会负责的投资具有创新思维的建议来自女性。说明作者认为女性在未来社会中的地位将会更加举足轻重。选项D正确。6. 单选题Among picture books for 4-8 years old, several outstanding works appeared t

22、hat combined original stories with（ ） illustrations.问题1选项A.imaginableB.imaginativeC.imagingD.imageless【答案】B【解析】imaginable可能的，可想象的；imaginative想象的，虚构的；imaging成像；imageless无意象的。句意为“把故事原形与充分的想象相结合”。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题No one expected him to（ ）against his former employer.问题1选项A.deaderB.testifyC.certifyD.allege【

23、答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。testify证实，证明，作证；certify证明，保证；allege宣称，断言。句意：没人料到他会指证他的前雇主。选项B符合句意。8. 翻译题世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1979年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。如果没有计划生育，中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上，没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告，中国现在有13.7亿人口。不过，西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说，再过三十年，中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。和欧洲相比，

24、中国面临老龄化危机的进程更快。五年后，中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1.78亿增长到2.21亿。到2050年，中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口有半数是独居老人，这一点是以前不曾想象的，要知道，以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人，这个倒金字塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作，大城市面临更大的压力，而中小型城市不能给人们提供足够的就业机会。出生于1962年到1972年这十年间的中国人退休后，这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3000万婴儿出生，现在每年却只有600万到700万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策，因为人

25、口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。【答案】With the worlds population breaking through 7 billion and the shrinking of resources on the earth, people are worried about it. China claims that the birthrate has been effectively controlled since the family planning policy was implemented in 1979.If there is no family

26、planning, Chinese, the most populous country, will have additional tens of millions of the population. Actually, there is no county carrying out such policy like China. According to the 6th censes report, China has a population of 1.37 billion. Nevertheless, western sociologists and economists have

27、warned that, after thirty years, China would be the only one developing country facing an aging society before developed.Comparing with Europe, China faces with a faster process of the aging crisis. Five year later, the population elder than 60 would increase to 0.221 billion from 0.178 billion. A q

28、uarter people will be older than 65 in 2050. Half of the people over 60 are single, which is unimagined before because Chinese is always four generation in the hall. Now the Inverted Pyramid that a child needs to take the burden of parents and grandparents is a challenge for everyone. As an increasi

29、ng number of people are moving into the city for jobs, big cities are facing greater pressure. On the other hand, companies are offering inadequate positions to meet these job seekers, needs in middle-small sized cities.After the entry of the decade from 1962 to 1972, the stress will be harder. Over

30、 the decade, 30 million infants were born every year on average, whereas in recent years this data have decreased to 6-7 million. Since overpopulation is still one of the main challenges for the development of Chinas society and economy, the National Population and Family Planning Commission has not

31、 loosen the long-term family planning policy.9. 单选题Architects are hopeless when it comes to deciding whether the public will view their designs as marvels or monstrosities, according to a study by Canadian psychologists. They say designers should go back to school to learn about ordinary peoples tas

32、tes.Many buildings that appeal to architects get the thumbs down from the public. Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria in British Columbia decided to find out whether architects understand public preferences and simply disagree with them, or fail to understand the lay persons view.With his c

33、olleague Graham Brown, he asked 25 experienced architects to look at photos of 42 large building in the US, Canada, Europe and Hong Kong. The architects predicted how the public would rate the building on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 represented “terrible” and 10 “excellent”. A further 27 people who

34、were not architects also scored the buildings out of 10. In addition, eight architects gave their own personal ratings of the buildings.The three groups tended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits. And architects correctly predicted that lay people would on average rate buildings higher t

35、han they did themselves. But for individual buildings, the architects perceptions of what the lay people would think were often way off the mark. “Some architects are quite good at predicting lay preferences, but others are not only poor at it, they get it backwards.” Says Gifford.For instance, arch

36、itects gave the Stockley Park Building B-3 offices in London a moderate rating of 5.2. They thought the public would like it much better, predicting a rating of 6.3. But the public actually disliked the offices, and gave it 4.7. Gifford thinks that lay people respond to specific features of building

37、s, such as durability and originality, and hopes to pin down what they are.“Architects in architecture school need to be taught how lay people think about buildings,” Gifford concludes. He doesnt think designers should pander to the lowest common denominator, but suggests they should aspire towards

38、buildings that appeal to the public and architects alike, such as the Bank of China building in Hong Kong.Marco Goldschmidt of the Richard Rogers Partnership, designers of the Millennium Dome in London, thinks the study is flawed. “The authors have assumed, wrongly, that buildings can be meaningfull

39、y judged from photographs rather than actual visits,” he says. Goldschmidt think it would be more significant and interesting to look at the divergence of public taste between generations.1.What dose the first paragraph of this passage imply?2.Through his study, Robert Gifford found that（ ）.3.From t

40、he passage we can learn that the Bank of China building in Hong Kong（ ）.4.Marco Goldschmidt thinks that Giffords study is flawed because（ ）.5.What dose the passage mainly deal with?问题1选项A.Architects have a dark future in designing marvelous buildings.B.Architects dont care about how ordinary people

41、view their designs.C.It is very difficult for architects to please the general public.D.Architects dont know much about the public tastes for buildings.问题2选项A.the three groups had similar responses to the photos of 42 large buildingsB.the architects generally rated buildings lower than lay peopleC.t

42、he architects predicted precisely the preferences of lay peopleD.no architect could predict the public tastes towards buildings accurately问题3选项A.panders to the lowest common denominatorB.gets a low rate from the architectsC.appeals to the public as well as the architectsD.gives the architects a lot

43、of aspiration问题4选项A.it uses photos instead of actual visitsB.it ignores the public tastes between generations.C.it lacks the necessary significance and interestsD.it doesnt take into account the differences within the public问题5选项A.How to design attractive buildings.B.Architects need to understand pu

44、blic tastes.C.How lay people view buildings.D.Different tastes between architects and the public.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“They say designers should go back to school to learn about ordinary peoples tastes.”公众认为设计师应该回到学校去了解普通人的品味，由此说明，设计师很难取悦大众。选项C符合原文。2.根据第四段的第一句“The three group

45、s tended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第三句“But for individual buildings, the architects perceptions of what the lay people would think were often way off the mark. ”可知选项B和C错误；根据第四段的最后一句“Some architects are quite good at predicting lay preferences, but others are not

46、only poor at it, they get it backwards.”可知选项D错误。3.根据关键词“Bank of China building in Hong Kong”定位到倒数第二段，Gifford认为建筑学校的建筑师需要学习外行人如何看待建筑。他不认为设计师应该迎合最低标准，但建议他们应该追求吸引公众和建筑师的建筑，比如香港的中国银行大厦。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Goldschmidt think it would be more significant and interesting to look at the divergence of publi

47、c taste between generations.”选项B符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲建筑师和公众对建筑不同的看法。选项D正确。10. 单选题It might be supposed that greater efficiency could be achieved if several people worked together to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their mem

48、bers to deal with problems, there are conflicts arising among members of a group. Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction, but also permits the orderly, constructive expression of different opinions; much of the leaders effort may be devoted to resol

49、ving differences. Success in problem solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals worki

50、ng alone.In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some better solutions will appear. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work al

51、one under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than a competent individual does. Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can

52、 achieve alone. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments. When only one among several solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the righ

53、t one than does an individual alone.1.In a group, problem solving needs（ ）.2.According to the author, it is easier for groups to reach（ ） .3.The author thinks that unrestricted suggestions can bring about（ ）.4.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（ ）.5.According to t

54、he author, which of the following statement is TRUE?问题1选项A.the presence of an effective leaderB.the best way to collect resourcesC.everyone to work harderD.more funds问题2选项A.mistakes they want to makeB.the place which they want to goC.the place where they want to restD.a greater number of correct sol

55、utions问题3选项A.some troubleB.some better solutionsC.some more timeD.some more effort问题4选项A.discussing directionsB.correcting mistakesC.dealing with national problemsD.finding a problem问题5选项A.A group of people may solve problems more effectively than an individual.B.The efficiency of a group is worst i

56、n the world.C.A group will not be efficient in dealing with national policies.D.Effective leaders often solve the problems themselves.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader . of different opinions.”解决问题需要一个有效的领导者，他不仅提供解决问题的方向，而且允许

57、有序地、建设性地表达不同意见。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段可知，团队可能会更容易找到很多解决问题的正确方案。选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第五段第二句“Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone.”。选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making n

58、ational economic or military policies under the governments.”有时，社会需求可能需要就一个问题达成集体协议，例如在政府领导下制定国家经济或军事政策。由此推断，在处理国家问题时，团队将会更有效率，选项C符合原文。5.细节判断题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要强调的是团队合作而不是个人能力，所以只有选项A正确，其他选项均不正确。11. 单选题During the races there were two accidents to motor-cyclists including one（ ）accident.问题1选项A.fatalB.kil

59、lingC.deadlyD.deathly【答案】A【解析】近义词辨析。fatal致命的，一般指不可避免的；killing杀害的；deadly指能致命或实际已致命的事物，也可指企图使他人致死的人；deathly死一般的。句意：在比赛中摩托车手发生了两起事故，包括一起致命事故。选项A正确。12. 单选题The most（ ）students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook.问题1选项A.giftedB.sensitiveC.proficientD.diligent【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。g

60、ifted有天赋的； sensitive敏感的；proficient熟练的；diligent勤勉的，用功的。句意：最勤奋的学生通常会做课外阅读来补充教材中的内容。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题Its disturbing to note how many of crimes we do know about were detected（ ）, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.问题1选项A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals【答案】A【解析】by

61、 accident偶然，意外地；on schedule按时；in general通常，一般而言，总之；at intervals不时。句意：令人不安的是，我们所知道的许多罪行都是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统的检查或其他安全程序发现的。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题Experienced baseball fielders can tell how far a ball is going to travel just by listening to the crack of the bat. If they didnt, they wouldnt stand a chance of catching

62、 it, claims a physicist in New York.“When a baseball is hit straight at an outfielder, he cannot quickly judge the angle of the scent and the distance the ball will travel, ” says Robert Adair, a physicist at Yale University. If he relied purely upon visual information, the fielder would have to wai

63、t for about one-and-a-half seconds before he could tell accurately if the pitcher hit the ball long or short. By this time the ball may have traveled too far for him to reach it in time.To stand a fighting chance of catching it, according to Adair, fielders must listen to the sound the ball hitting the bat to judge