2022年考博英语-南开大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第103期

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He was （ ）when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.问题1选项A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent【答案】C【解析】形近词词义辨析。incredible“难以置信的, 惊人的”;inevitable“必然的, 不可避免的”;incredulous“怀疑的, 不轻信的”;indifferent“漠不关心的, 中立的”。句意:他听到这个意外的消息时很不相信, 但我最终还

2、是让他相信了。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题The book might well have（ ） had it been less expensive.问题1选项A.worked outB.gone throughC.fitted inD.caught on【答案】D【解析】动词短语含义辨析。work out“解决, 算出, 实现”;go through“检查, 通过”;fit in“适应, 适合”;catch on“理解, 变得流行”。句意:如果这本书不那么贵的话, 可能会很流行。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area w

3、ould enable the plants to get （ ） quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。decompose“分解, 腐烂”;denounce“谴责, 告发”;detach“分离, 派遣”;deduce“推断, 演绎出”。句意:炎热地区的恶劣潮湿天气会使植物迅速分解腐烂。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one dir

4、ection and keeps them from（ ） in all directions.问题1选项A.interferingB.dispersingC.spreadingD.distracting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。interfere妨碍；disperse分散，散开；spread传播；distract转移，分心。句意：麦克风使声音听起来更大，因为它把声波集中在一个方向，并防止它们分散到其他各个方向。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题Most people cant get （ ）the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问

5、题1选项A.onB.overC.throughD.by【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。句意:没有一杯茶或者咖啡, 大多数人都无法清醒地过完这一天。get through表示“度过, 熬过”。所以选项C正确。6. 单选题Crisis would be the right term to describe the （ ） in many animal species.问题1选项A.minimizationB.restrictionC.descentD.decline【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是

6、危机，表示事态比较严重，所以用衰退来形容许多动物物种最为恰当。选项D正确。7. 单选题The doctor told me the medicine can （ ） my headache without doing me any harm.问题1选项A.healB.improveC.cureD.treat【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。8. 单选题A few decades ago, it was

7、 still possible to leave home and go somewhere else: the architecture was different, the landscape was different, the language, lifestyle, dress, and values were different. That was a time when we could speak of cultural diversity. But with economic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing. The

8、 goal of the global economy is that all countries should be homogenized. When global hotel chains advertise to tourists that all their rooms in every city of the world are identical, they dont mention that the cities are becoming identical too: cars, noise, smog, corporate high-rises, violence, fast

9、 food, McDonalds, Nikes, Levis, Barbie Dolls, American TV and film. Whats the point of leaving home?There are many causes for this dreary turn of events, but one is central: economic globalization and institutions like the World Bank and the WTO promote a specific kind of homogenizing development th

10、at frees the largest corporations in the world to invest and operate in every market, everywhere. For these agencies and corporation, diversity is not a primary value: efficiency is. Diversity is an enemy because it requires differentiated sales appeal. What corporations love is creating the same va

11、lues, the same tastes, using the same advertising, selling the same products, and driving out small local competitors. Mass marketers prefer homogenized consumers. They also prefer places with low wages, cheap resources, and the least restrictive environmental and labor laws.The new rules of global

12、trade are primarily set by the ultra-secretive World Trade Organization (WTO), which now rivals the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the most powerful, yet undemocratic body in the world. Its rules are specifically designed to serve global corporate expansion and the homogenization process. They

13、 make it nearly impossible for nation-states to prevent certain harmful forms of corporate development, no matter what problems they bring. So we find that European bankers can dominate Third World economies ; Asian companies can cut down Canadian and Brazilian forests ; American corporations can do

14、minate the whole worlds farmers and food supply ; Disney can homogenize consciousness and McDonalds can homogenize tastes, globally. Every country loses while global corporations win.Corporate invasions into diverse cultures often occur over vigorous protests by local governments and populations tha

15、t try to protect local business, culture, health, food safety, and local livelihoods. Not everyone wants to become like everyone else. ( More than one million of Indias small farmers protested against the entry of industrial agriculture, specifically Cargill Corporation and Kentucky Fried Chicken. )

16、 Millions of others have protested against the invasion and promotion of genetically engineered foods which are destroying local livelihoods and threatening public health. But when countries try to slow down these corporate invasionsor create laws that protect local resources, or jobs, or health sta

17、ndards一they may find the laws challenged at the WTO as illegal restrictions against foreign investment. In fact, a recently proposed addition to the WTO would make it nearly impossible for any country to prevent imports of biotech food productsdespite public concern over health aspects.Meanwhile, al

18、l places are starting to merge. In rural France, local cheese farms are sucked up by giant agribusiness. In England, small towns in the countryside have high-speed freeways and trucks jamming through them despite mass opposition. Rice paddies in Bali are turned into hotel resorts. Small farms in Jap

19、an become executive golf courses. Small businesses and retail shops everywhere, including the U. S. , are being driven under by untaxed e-commerce, which the WTO may soon codify. Nepalese villages have Sylvester Stallone on their billboards, Barbie in their stores, and Jay Leno on their TV sets.Ever

20、y place is becoming everyplace else: monoculture. “Get there before its ruined. ” Is this a familiar phrase? Is this a system you want?If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad. With every country pressured to open up its forests, minerals, water, and land to global

21、corporations, the few pristine places are disappearing fast. So are the native people who live in them. So are the animals, plants and biotathe biodiversity of the planet. ( Brazil, for example, recently suspended its environmental laws, so that Amazon forests can be cut down faster to help the coun

22、try pay off IMF debts.)Meanwhile, industrial forestry practices, like clear-cutting, produce landscapes so barren that its hard to know if its the Amazon or Oregon ; landscapes of tree stumps look alike wherever they are. This is monoculture too. Biodiversity is disappearing as fast as cultural dive

23、rsity.Heres the rationale for all this: By serving the needs of global business, everyone benefits. “A rising tide lifts all boats.” Is this true? While CEO salaries for global corporations are risingsome make $ 50 - 500 million annuallyworldwide, real wages for most people are falling. According to

24、 the U. N. , the gaps between rich and poor within countries and among countries, has grown because of the inequities of global trade. Even in the U. S. , the median wage of factory workers has fallen by 10% in the last two decades. And, England now advertises that its workers are the lowest paid in

25、 Europe. Low wages are suddenly virtuous. Apparently, the rising tide lifts mainly yachts.The global economy is designed to benefit the largest corporations in the world, who are getting rapidly larger and more dominant. Already some corporations are bigger in economic terms than most nation states.

26、 Mitsubishi is the 22nd largest economy in the world. General Motors is 26th. Ford is 31st. They are larger than Denmark, Thailand, Turkey, Norway, Greece, Chile, Brazil, New Zealand and dozens of others.What can we do? Dozens of good organizations are working on these issues. This year, most are fo

27、cused on the World Trade Organization Ministerial Meeting in Seattle, Washington, two weeks from now. Most groups are demanding a halt to all WTO expansion and a full public reassessment of its activities.1.From the first paragraph, we know that（ ） .2.The main purpose of the author in writing this p

28、assage is （ ） .3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about a homogenized world?4.Who should be blamed for the Brazilian forests being down?5.We can infer from the passage that vigorous protests occurred in India because （ ）.问题1选项A.the author is describing both the good and b

29、ad impacts of economic globalizationB.globalization is reducing the differences between the rich and the poorC.the author is unhappy with the consequences of globalizationD.globalization is good for both the rich and the poor问题2选项A.to discuss whats good and whats bad in economic globalizationB.to bl

30、ame the WTO and other large global corporations for their wrongdoingsC.to justify his worries about the disappearance of cultural diversityD.to refute the rationale of globalization and show his objection to global monoculture问题3选项A.Every place will become exactly the same as every place else.B.Cult

31、ural diversity and biodiversity will not be ruined.C.Peoples value orientation is sure to be identical gradually.D.People can buy the same goods and may have the same tastes.问题4选项A.The International Monetary fund.B.The World Trade Organization.C.Large global corporations such as Mitsubishi.D.The Bra

32、zilian government.问题5选项A.the Indians didnt like the rules of the World Trade OrganizationB.global corporations promoted the sale of genetically engineered foods thereC.the international corporations have destroyed the local peoples livelihood and healthD.the Indians didnt want to follow the new rule

33、s of global trade【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段的“But with economic globalization, diversity is fast disappearing.”作者指出随着经济全球化，多样性正在迅速消失。本段最后一句“Whats the point of leaving home?”表明了作者的态度，说明作者对全球化的结果感到不满。选项C符合原文。2.主旨大意题。文章首段提出经济全球化导致多样性的消失，第二段指出造成这种局面最核心的原因是世界银行和世贸组织等机构推动了同质化发展。在接下来的段落里

34、详细描述了这些机构和跨国公司是如何促进同质化发展以及由此带来的影响。所以作者写此文章的目的是指责世贸组织和其他大型跨国公司的错误行为, 选项B正确。3.事实细节题。根据原文第七段的第一句“If globalization homogenizes cultures, its effect on Nature is just as bad.”可知，同质化不仅破坏了文化的多样性，对生物的多样性也同样产生了糟糕的影响，所以选项B错误。4.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到原文第三段, 亚洲公司可以砍伐加拿大和巴西的森林。这是因为，国家几乎无法阻止某些有害形式的公司发展，而导致这一问题的主要原因是WTO制定了

35、专门为全球企业扩张和同质化过程服务的全球贸易新规则。所以选项B正确。5.推断题。根据第四段的内容可知，印度小农抗议转基因食品的入侵和推广，这些食品正在破坏当地的生计，威胁公共健康。所以选项B正确。选项C破坏人们生活健康的不是跨国公司而是它们推销的转基因食品，所以选项C错误。9. 单选题As a way of （ ） the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.问题1

36、选项A.picking upB.coping withC.passing outD.getting across【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。pick up捡起，获得；cope with处理，应付；pass out昏倒，分发；get across通过，使被理解。根据下文，让清洁女工把打印好的小纸条寄出去让寄件人稍后再写。这是处理邮件的一种方式，所以选项B符合句意。10. 单选题In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime histor

37、y of any countryfrom 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly

38、probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force in manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farmingat most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in

39、manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 ye

40、ars hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitiveor even to remain “de

41、veloped.” The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United Stales is experienc

42、ing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization” or “automation”. This is actually more a change in terminol

43、ogy than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three yearsfar more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we ar

44、e facing a new sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machinesthat is, by the products of knowledge.1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（ ） .2.American politicians and labor lenders tend to dislike（ ） .3.According to the author, i

45、n the coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in order to remain competitive, ought to（ ） .4.This passage may have been excerpted from（ ） .问题1选项A.the degree to which a countrys production is robotizedB.a reduction in a countrys manufacturing industriesC.a worsening relationship between lab

46、or and managementD.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2选项A.confusion in manufacturing economyB.an increase in blue-collar work forceC.internal competition in manufacturing productionD.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题3选项A.reduce the percentage of the blu

47、e-collar work forceB.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competitionC.accelerate motor-can manufacturing in Henry Fords styleD.solve the problem of unemployment问题4选项A.a magazine about capital investmentB.an article on automationC.a motor-car magazineD.an article on global economy【答案】第1题:A第2题

48、:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.信息推理题。根据第四段第三句“One is the acceleration . “robotization” or “automation”.”知识和资本开始加速替代体力劳动。几十年前我们谈论机械化，现在我们谈论“机器人化”或“自动化”。由此可以推断，制造业劳动力的变化说明了一个国家生产的自动化程度。制造业劳动力越少，自动化程度越高，反之亦然。所以选项A正确。2.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句可知，美国政治家和劳动力领袖不喜欢一种结论，即上一段提到的：如果一家公司、一个行业或一个国家在未来25年内不大幅增加制造业产量，同时大幅削减蓝领劳动力，那么它就不可能保

49、持竞争力，甚至不可能保持“发达”。而这必然会导致失业，这是美国政治家和劳动力领袖不希望看到的，所以选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段的内容可知，在未来25年内，行业或者国家需要在保证制造业产量的同时削减蓝领劳动力。选项A符合原文。4.主旨推断题。文章主要讲的是随着工业化的发展，机器也就是人类知识的产物将会取代劳动力。所以文章最有可能是关于全球经济的，选项D正确。选项B太片面，文章不仅仅是讲自动化，劳动力应与经济相关，所以不选B。11. 单选题My mother raised me as best as she could, taking on odd jobs in the neighbo

50、rhood for money. Still without a father to tell me how to act and what was expected of me, I felt lost. I wandered for years and got involved with tough guys on the East Side of New York. They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted. I wanted to be like them.I

51、t was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline, after following my mothers advice. During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, and my thoughts often ran to my mother. I realized suddenly just how much of a heartache I must have been to her, how l

52、ittle I had noticed her suffering. When my father left this world, my mother was completely alone. To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors. And as she worked hard at this labor, she kept her head high. Each week she would bring a pile of books h

53、ome from the library and read to us. My mother had wanted nothing more than for me to turn into an honest responsible man. But I had acted against her. Finally, almost too late I had the sense to feel shame.Ten years passed and I returned to the apartment on the East Side. I knew I wouldnt fall back

54、 in with the wrong people, although I still wasnt sure where I was heading. My mother, I could tell was worried about me. In my neighborhood, to become a police officer or a firefighter was a mark of significant social success and achievement. For me it was an opportunity for a real start in life. I

55、 wondered if I was up to it, but I knew that it was time to try. When I found myself in the big hall raising my hands to take the firefighters oath of office, my mother was sitting a few rows behind with a smile of relief. She knew that at last I was off on lifes road and moving steadily. Her smile

56、said, “My job is finally done.”1.From this story, we may guess that the East Side of New York must be a （ ） area.2.The author used to behave himself （ ） .3.From the context, we understand that “odd jobs” in the first paragraph refer to jobs （ ） .4.In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the a

57、uthor says “It was lucky for me that.” The lucky experience he talks about here is his experience of （ ） .5.What is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.commercialB.richC.poorD.distant问题2选项A.oddlyB.toughlyC.remarkablyD.badly问题3选项A.of cleaning, washing and ironingB.which are not regular or fixedC

58、.which one can make extra money withD.with house work问题4选项A.the three years of military serviceB.leaving a world of disciplineC.leaving the city and his motherD.fighting with tough guys问题5选项A.After her husband died, his mother did all available jobs to support the family.B.The author was surprised t

59、hat he was accepted as a firefighter.C.The author finally realized that his mother always wanted him to be an honest and responsible man.D.In face of poverty, his mother never lowered her head. She bravely struggled on.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段“They would fight madly over a dropped co

60、in. They would steal to get what they wanted.”他们会为一枚掉在地上的硬币疯狂地打斗, 他们会去偷想要的东西。由此可以推断, 这个地区很贫穷, 选项C正确。2.信息推断题。根据第二段的首句“It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline,.”我很幸运, 在听从了母亲的建议后, 我离开了这座城市, 进入了一个有纪律的世界。根据“discipline”可推测, 作者以前的表现应该是badly, 选项D最恰当。3.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段, 可知

61、“odd jobs”是母亲做的工作。再根据第二段“To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors.”所以选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第二段的第二句“During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, .”可知, 作者觉得幸运的经历是在部队服役的三年经历。选项A正确。5.信息推断题。根据第二段后半部分的内容可知选项A和D正确;根据第二段最后三句“My moth

62、er had . the sense to feel shame.”可知选项C也正确;所以本题选B。12. 单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich co

63、untries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for develo