2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第99期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The（ ） wind in this area is from the northeast.问题1选项A.prevailingB.controllingC.reigningD.persisting【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prevailing“盛行的，流行的”；B选项controlling“控制欲强的”；C选项reigning“统治的”；D选项persisting“坚持”。句意：这个地区盛行的风来自东北方向。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Oscar Wilde said that work is

2、the refuge of people who have nothing better to do. If so, Americans are now among the worlds saddest refugees. Factory workers in the United States are working longer hours than at any time in the past half-century. America once led the rich world in cutting the average working week-from 70 hours i

3、n 1850 to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as people grew richer they would trade extras earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s, however, the hours clocked up by American workers have risen to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing.Several studies suggest that somethi

4、ng similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80-hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best sun-loungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan c

5、ontinues to fall. In Germanys engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year Most Germans get six weeks paid annual holiday, even the Japanese now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two.Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern ab

6、out whether peoples aversion to work is damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the worlds richest country, sees things di

7、fferently. It is a puzzle with sinister social implications. Parents spend less time with their children who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise?Some explanations for Americas time at work fail to stand up to scrutiny. One blames weak tra

8、de unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by cost-cutting firms to toil harder just to keep their jobs? A recent study by two American economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell, suggests not: when asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours. Most German wor

9、kers, in contrast, would rather work less.Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely to maintain their living standards. Yet many higher skilled workers, w

10、ho have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employment-which is more or less where the argument began.Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are all

11、owed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into reverse in America but

12、not elsewhere (though Britain show signs of following Americas lead). Perhaps cultural differences - the last refuge of the defeated economists- are at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, their incentive to w

13、ork would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that “basic needs” - for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-propelled carexpand continuously. Shopping is already one of Americas most popular p

14、astimes. But it requires moneyhence more work and less leisure. Or try this, the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have nothing better to do.1.In the United States, working longer hours is（ ）.2.According to

15、the third paragraph, which might be one of the consequences of working longer hours?3.Which of the following is the cause of working longer hours stated by the writer?问题1选项A.confined to the manufacturing industryB.a traditional practice in some sectorsC.prevalent in all sectors of societyD.favored b

16、y the economists问题2选项A.Rise in employees working efficiencyB.Rise in the number of young offendersC.Rise in peoples living standardsD.Rise in competitiveness问题3选项A.Expansion of basic needsB.Cultural differencesC.Increase in real earningsD.Advertising【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Several st

17、udies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing:.几项研究表明，制造业以外也在发生类似的事情:.”也就是说，除了制造业，美国其他行业里工作时间也很长，所以选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后两句“Parents spend less time with their children who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise? 父母花在

18、孩子身上的时间更少，他们（孩子）可能会被长时间的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趋势，这仅仅是个巧合吗?”由此可知，长时间工作的结果将会导致青少年犯罪数量的增加。选项B符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“这些答案都不能真正解释为什么美国的工作时间长达一个世纪的下降趋势已经逆转，而其他地方却没有(尽管英国有迹象表明正在步美国的后尘)。也许文化差异失败经济学家的最后避难所正在发挥作用。”这里提到文化差异的问题，但这并不是美国人长时间工作的原因。下文提到“Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide f

19、or their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries,.经济学家过去认为，一旦工人挣到足够的钱来满足他们的基本需求和一些奢侈品.”由此可知，真正的原因是为了扩大基本需求，所以选项A正确。3. 单选题The young should be（ ）to the old.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectedD.respective【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的”；B选项 respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respected“受尊敬的”；D选项respect

20、ive“分别的，各自的”。句意：年轻人应该恭敬的对待老人。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题Jack was about to announce our plan but I（ ）.问题1选项A.put him throughB.turned him outC.gave him upD.cut him short【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。A选项put through“接通，完成”；B选项turn out“结果是”；C选项give up“放弃”；D选项cut short“打断，缩减”。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。选项D更符合语境。5. 单选题The mental commodity

21、 most demand will be practical wisdom rather than specialized（ ）.问题1选项A.experimentB.expertiseC.witnessD.cleverness【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项experiment“达到，实现”；B选项 expertise“要求”；C选项witness“获得，学到”；D选项cleverness“询问”。句意：人们最需要的精神产品将是实用的智慧，而不是小聪明。选项D更符合语境。6. 翻译题Translate the following into English公民、法人的合法民事权益受法律保护

22、，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。已满16岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事贵任。【答案】The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and juristic person are protected by the law, and any organization or individual is not allowed to infringe them.A person of no less than 16 years old who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.7. 单选题The

23、 scene is so beautiful that it（ ）my power of description.问题1选项A.ascendsB.descendsC.transcendsD.overtakes【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项ascend“攀登，上升”；B选项descend“下降”；C选项transcend“胜过，超越”；D选项overtake“赶上，压倒”。句意：这景色太美了，我无法形容。也就是超出了描述的能力，所以选项C符合句意。8. 单选题Mother told me that the most important thing of choosing a piece o

24、f cloth is its （ ）.问题1选项A.styleB.textureC.textileD.content【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题A good scientist（ ）into all aspects of a problem in order to find solutions.问题1选项A.pricksB.pokesC.probesD.peers【答案】C【

25、解析】动词辨析题。A选项prick“戳，扎破”；B选项poke“戳，刺”；C选项probe“调查”；D选项peer“凝视”。句意：一个好的科学家会对调查问题的各个方面，以便找到解决办法。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题These seats are（ ）for old and sick people.问题1选项A.conservedB.deservedC.preservedD.reserved【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项conserved“保存，保全”；B选项deserved“值得”；C选项preserved“保藏”；D选项reserved“保留”。句意：这些座位是留给老人和病人的。b

26、e reserved for意为“为保留”，所以选项D符合句意。11. 单选题Go to inspect all the parts to find what was at （ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。四个选项都表示错误或问题的意思，但是题干中的介词是at，只有选项C能与之搭配。选项A的搭配为“be+wrong”，选项B和D和介词in搭配，所以选项C正确。句意：去检查所有的部件，看看哪里出了问题。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题She fell off her horse and badly（ ） her

27、self.问题1选项A.woundedB.damagedC.injuredD.harmed【答案】C【解析】同义词辨析题。A选项wound“受伤”；B选项damage“损害”；C选项 injure“伤害”；D选项harm“危害”。句意：她从马上摔下来，受了重伤。四个选项都有受伤的意思，但wound侧重于在战争中受伤；damage通常指对无生命物体造成的损害；injure侧重于意外事故导致的伤害；harm侧重于导致严重的后果。所以选项C更符合语境。13. 单选题Lacking（ ）political goals, the two parties quarreled.问题1选项A.intricat

28、eB.coherentC.intrinsicD.distinct【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项intricate“复杂的”；B选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，固有的”；D选项distinct“明显的，独特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目标，两党发生了争吵。选项B更符合语境。14. 单选题One of the problems they have to deal with is the（ ）of plastic containers.问题1选项A.disposalB.dissolutionC.dispositionD.disappearance【

29、答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项disposal“处理”；B选项dissolution“分解，溶解”；C选项disposition“性情，倾向”；D选项disappearance“消失”。句意：他们必须处理的问题之一是塑料容器的处理。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题There is much discussion today about the need for the government to（ ）the theatre.问题1选项A.substituteB.subsidizeC.subscribeD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项substitute“代替”；

30、B选项subsidize“资助”；C选项subscribe“签署，赞成”；D选项subordinate“使服从”。句意：今天将重点讨论政府是否有必要对剧院进行补贴。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题According to the “hygiene hypothesis” first proposed in 1989, exposure to a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasitic worms early in life helps prime a childs immune system, much like sensory experience

31、s program his brain. Without such early instruction, the immune system may go in disorder and overreact with allergies to foods, pollen and pet fur or turn on the bodys own tissue, setting off autoimmune disorders.Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years

32、the so-called old friends theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. “The vast majority of microbes are harmless. There are only a few dozen that can cause lethal infections.” says Thomas McDade, director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Rese

33、arch at Northwestern University.In 1998, about one in five children in industrialized countries suffered from allergic diseases such as asthma, allergies and rashes, according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, a global research initiative. The incidence of peanut aller

34、gy in the US tripled between 1997 and 2008, according to a report from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. But such diseases are still relatively rare in Africa and rural Asia. “The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distributi

35、on of various infectious diseases.” says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.Exposure to immune-stimulating germs may also lower the risk of heart disease, according to Dr. McDade. But there are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal faces. Michael Bell, an infe

36、ctious disease specialist and deputy director of Healthcare Quality Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. “If youre no

37、t doing it ten times a day, youre probably not doing it enough.” he says. But he and other experts say that regular soap and water are fine in most cases. Sterilizing hands is critical mainly for health-care workers and in hospitals, where disease-causing germs are prevalent and can easily spread.Ma

38、ny experts advise common sense. “We dont want to say to children. OK, play by the dirty river bank and catch whatever you can.” says Dr. Weinstocks. But we can say theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to live in total sanitation, and they wont die from eating something

39、off the floor. Its probably more healthy than not.”1.The “hygiene hypothesis” proposed that exposure to various viruses and germs in early childhood（ ）.2.What if we live without any microorganisms?3.According to French researchers, the geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases（ ）

40、.4.What does Michael Bell suggest we do in daily life?5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.eliminates childhood diseases such as asthma and allergiesB.proves to be an important prevention against cancerC.proves to be necessary for the development of immune systemD.increases susceptibil

41、ity to allergic and autoimmune diseases问题2选项A.We will never be involved in the allergies.B.We will eradicate the outbreaks of many infectious diseases.C.We may miss an important part of human development.D.We may find no effective medical cure to many disease.问题3选项A.has nothing to do with that of va

42、rious infectious diseasesB.is exactly the same with that of various infectious diseasesC.is completely opposite to that of various infectious diseasesD.shows no comparability with that of various infectious diseases问题4选项A.Be careful about wound care.B.Wash hands within 10 times a day.C.Consult healt

43、h-care workers.D.Sterilize your hands every day.问题5选项A.Children should be encouraged to play in dirty places.B.More efforts should be made in public health.C.Parents neednt worry about children playing in the dirt.D.Excessive cleanness is required at home but not outdoors.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题

44、:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“根据1989年首次提出的“卫生假说”，儿童在早期的生活中接触各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫，有助于儿童的免疫系统做好准备，就像感官体验对大脑进行编程一样。”由此可推断，这个“卫生假说”证明了免疫系统发展的重要性，选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years the so-called “old friends” theory. But where they have been era

45、dicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. 许多微生物在数百万年的时间里与人类共生进化，这就是所谓的“老朋友”理论。但是，在它们被根除的地方，人类发展的一个关键部分就被抛弃了。”选项C符合原文。3.判断推断题。根据关键词“French researchers”定位到第三段最后一句“The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distribution of

46、 various infectious diseases. says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis.过敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各种传染病地理分布的一个镜像。一份由法国研究人员撰写的关于卫生假说的报告称。”镜像与原像是相反的，这里是说他们的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“Michael Bell”定位到倒数第二段第三句“Michael Bell, ., says that people should be vigilant about wound care

47、 since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. Michael Bell表示，人们应该要注意伤口的护理，因为细菌一旦进入血液就会引发问题，他还提倡勤洗手。”选项A符合原文；选项B和D不符合原文描述；选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“. theres nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They dont have to live in to

48、tal sanitation,.孩子们在泥土里玩耍没有什么错，他们不必生活在完全卫生的环境中.”所以选项C“父母不必担心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。17. 单选题If she（ ）her efforts, she will succeed.问题1选项A.goes onB.retainsC.holds intoD.maintains【答案】D【解析】同义词辨析题。A选项go on“继续”，后面需接介词with；B选项retain“保持，保留”；C选项hold into无此搭配；D选项maintain“维持，继续”。句意：如果她继续努力，她会成功的。选项D更符合语境。18. 单选题He is un

49、able to find a post（ ） with his ability.问题1选项A.commensurateB.appropriateC.requisiteD.applicable【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项commensurate“相称的，同样大小的”；B选项appropriate“适当的，恰当的”；C选项requisite“必备的，必不可少的”；D选项applicable“可适用的”。句意：他无法找到与他能力相称的岗位。选项A符合句意。19. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English劳动仲裁类似于中世纪手工业行会

50、的调停话动，它是多步骤申述体制之最终结果。尽管信托关系可以口头创立，但却一般是经书面文件形式确认。破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。因股东大会不够法定人数，故该决议被认定无效。【答案】Labor arbitration, similar to the mediation activities in the medieval craft guilds, is the final result of multi-step representation system.A trust may be created orally, but usually is set up in a written

51、form.An act that is destructive to the environment may be criminalized by statue.The resolution was invalid because the shareholders meeting was not quorate.20. 单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ）, there was rubbish everywhere, and the curtains and carpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scatteredB.scrapedC.scratchedD.smashed【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项scatter“撒播，散布”；B选项scrap“废弃，拆毁 ”；C选项scratch“抓，刮”；D选项smashed“打碎，粉碎”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被打碎了，到处是垃圾，窗帘和地毯被偷了。选项D符合句意。