2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷40

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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The village moved further and further away from the city；as a result, links with the outside community have（ ）.问题1选项A.witheredB.shortenedC.shearedD.reduced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。wither“枯萎凋谢（一般指植物）”；shorten“变短（一般指距离）”；reduce“减少”。本句意为“农村距离城市越来越远，因此，与外界的联系也会减少”， 与外界联系减少用r

2、educe。因此选D。2. 单选题The branches could hardly（ ）the weight of the fruit.问题1选项A.retainB.sustainC.maintainD.remain【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retain“保持、保留”；B选项sustain“维持、支撑”；C选项maintain“维护、维持”；D选项remain“剩下、留下”，句意为：树枝几乎无法承受果实的重量。sustain the weight of sth“支撑某物”，因此选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Two centuries have（ ）to meet in smalle

3、r working groups and deepen negotiations over the Norths nuclear.问题1选项A.persistedB.pledgedC.assertedD.petitioned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。persist“坚持”；pledge“发誓”；assert“声称”；petition“请愿”。本句意为“两个世纪以来，他们坚持以较小的工作小组开会，就朝鲜的核问题深化谈判”，较小的工作会议形式需要坚持进行，因此选项A正确。4. 单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human inv

4、asion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（ ）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。空格所填词语为副词，修饰空格前的realized,排除 选项B;其余三个选项做副词的意思分别为A选项both “两者皆，又”，但做副词时一般不在句末；B选项either做副词表示“也，而且”，C选项alike “同样地，两者都”；D选项apart “相距，分离”，本句句意应是发达国家和发展中国家同样都越来越意识到保护热带雨林不受人类行为影响的重要性。强调两

5、种类型的国家都，C选项正确。5. 单选题In some countries customers dont pay （ ） for the services in restaurants or barber shops.问题1选项A.gratuitiesB.stipendsC.bonusesD.allowances【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。Gratuities “小费，赠品”；stipends “薪水”；bonuses “奖金”；allowances “津贴”。句意：在一些国家，顾客不用为餐馆或理发店的服务付小费。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The heavy fog had create

6、d an optical（ ）that made the opposite shore of the lake seem closer than it was.问题1选项A.imaginationB.conclusionC.illusionD.impression【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。illusion“幻觉”；imagination“想象”；impression“印象”；conclusion“结论”。本句意为“浓雾造成了一种错觉，使湖的对岸看起来比实际更近”，幻觉使得远处的景物看起来更近。选项C正确。7. 单选题Before the 1980s, the idea of health

7、 insurance was quite （ ）to those living in the mainland of China.问题1选项A.overseasB.abroadC.foreignD.offshore【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项overseas “海外的，国外的”；B选项abroad “在国外”；C选项foreign“外国的，陌生的”;D选项offshore “近海的；句意是主语the idea of health insurance医疗保险这个概念在20世纪80年代之前对居民来说是，C选项符合句意，正确。8. 单选题I wish（ ）to Stockholm whe

8、n I was in Sweden. I hear its a beautiful city.问题1选项A.I wentB.I had goneC.to goD.to hive one【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，以表示与事实相反的情况，针对现在时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去时”的虚拟形式；针对将来时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去将来时”的虚拟形式；而针对过去时间段的愿望，宾语从句则常用“过去完成时”。本题根据“I was in Sweden”可以看出是最后者，表示与过去事实相反的情况。句意为：我听说斯德哥尔摩是座美丽的城市。真希望在瑞典时去过那里。因此

9、选B。9. 单选题The storm sweeping over this are now is sure to cause（ ）of vegetables in the coming days.问题1选项A.scarcityB.rarityC.varietyD.invalidity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scarcity“短缺、稀缺”；B选项rarity“罕见、珍品”；C选项variety“多样、种类”；D选项invalidity“无效、无价值”，句意为：在未来几天席卷这里的风暴肯定会造成蔬菜短缺。scarcity“短缺、稀缺”符合题意，因此选项A正确。10. 单选题Some

10、of the old customs have continued（ ）politeness although they are no longer thought about now.问题1选项A.in the way ofB.in the eyes ofC.in the face ofD.in the form of【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项in the way of“妨碍、在方面”；B选项in the eyes of “在心目中、从来看”；C选项in the face of“面对、不顾”；D选项in the form of “以的形式”，句意为：有些旧习俗以礼貌的形式继续存在

11、着，尽管它们现在已经不再被人想到了。in the form of“以的形式”符合题意，因此D选项正确。11. 单选题It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really（ ）.问题1选项A.called forB.called forthC.called upD.called at【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项call for“要求、提倡”；B选项call forth“唤起、鼓起”；C选项call up“召集、征召”；D选项call at“访问、拜访”，句

12、意为：在这样一位要求安全措施超出实际要求的总统手下工作绝非易事。call for“要求、提倡”符合题意，因此选A。12. 单选题We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when i

13、t came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish

14、.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before Wo

15、rld War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Miess signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed,

16、 did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Miess sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rathe

17、r than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicagos Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the citys Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the vi

18、ews they afforded and the elegance of the buildings details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,20

19、0 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” tre

20、nd. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely s

21、hared.1.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans（ ）.2.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?3.Mies held that elegance of architectural design（ ）.4.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicagos Lake Shore Drive?5.What can we learn a

22、bout the design of the“Case Study House”?问题1选项A.prosperity and growthB.efficiency and practicalityC.restraint and confidenceD.pride and faithfulness问题2选项A.It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B.Its designing concept was affected by World War II.C.Most American architects used to be associated

23、with it.D.It had a great influence upon American architecture.问题3选项A.was related to large spaceB.was identified with emptinessC.was not reliant on abundant decorationD.was not associated with efficiency问题4选项A.They ignored details and proportions.B.They were built with materials popular at that time.

24、C.They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D.They shared some characteristics of abstract art.问题5选项A.Mechanical devices were widely used.B.Natural scenes were taken into consideration.C.Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.D.Eco-friendly materials were employed.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:

25、C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth”我们倾向于认为二战后的几十年是繁荣和发展的时期。由此可知A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“The phraseless is morewas actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who lik

26、e other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.”事实上，“less is more”一词最初是由一位德国建筑师路德维希密斯凡德罗普及的。他和其他与包豪斯设计学院有关的人一样，在二战前移民到美国，并在美国建筑学院任职。由此可知C选项Most American architects used to be associ

27、ated with it.大多数美国建筑师曾经与它联系在一起符合题意。3.细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“Miess signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance.”密斯的名言是，少装饰，合理组织，会产生更大的影响。他认为优雅不是来自丰富。由此可知C选项was not reliant on abundant decoration不依赖于丰富的装饰正确。4

28、.细节事实题。定位到文章第五段“But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildingsdetails and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.”但它们之所以受欢迎，是因为它们有通风的玻璃墙，提供的视野，以及建筑的优雅、细节和比例，这种与当时流行的抽象艺术相当的建筑风格。由此可知D选项正确

29、。5.细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句“In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.”在他的个案研究室里，拉尔夫的日常生活很少有美国家庭购买直升机，但大多数家庭最终都买了干衣机但他自给自足的信念得到了

30、广泛的认同。由此可知机器设备已经得到使用，因此选项A正确。13. 单选题The sales department has to have an（ ）knowledge of what customers want and how much they want to pay.问题1选项A.implicitB.intimateC.abruptD.anonymous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“含蓄的、暗示的”；B选项intimate “亲密的”；C选项abrupt“突然的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”，句意为：销售部门必须非常了解顾客想要什么，他们想要付多少钱。

31、an intimate knowledge of“精通某事”，因此选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The importance of（ ）can never be neglected when it comes to fulfilling ones military missions.问题1选项A.popularityB.peculiarityC.punctualityD.potentiality【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项popularity“受欢迎的、名气”；B选项peculiarity“特质、特性”；C选项punctuality“准时、守时”；D选项potentiality“潜能

32、、潜力”，句意为：在完成军事任务时，守时的重要性是不可忽视的。punctuality“准时、守时”符合题意，选项C正确。15. 单选题Patent medicine used in America dates back to the early days of the Republic, when drugs imported from Europe were sold by postmasters, goldsmiths, grocers, and tailors. Their use expanded during the Jackson an era as Americans rebel

33、led against traditional doctors and enthusiastically endorsed: quackery. Increasing urbanization and industrialization also fed the market for patent medicines, as new drugs were needed to combat epidemics. But these: sales, by mid-century, were due to two non- medical events.Patent legislation in 1

34、793 made it possible for manufactures, to protect their product against counterfeiters. But most manufacturers did not seek patents on the formulas for their medicines, since these were often combinations of common products like alcohol and vegetable extracts which they preferred not to reveal. Inst

35、ead, they sought patents on the shape of the bottle, promotional materials, and label information.The number of newspapers-published in the country grew from 200 during Jeffersons administration to over 4000 at the time of Lincolns presidency. The penny press, begun by Benjamin Day in 1833 was marke

36、ted at a mass audience and cost just one cent per issue. To recover revenue lost from subscription prices, Day and others sought profits through advertising. Patent medicine was perfect product to advertise in penny papers since its sensational claims buttressed the sensational bent of the news and

37、stories in them.“Lydia Pinkhams Vegetable Compound” was the most, successful patent medicine of the century, and Mrs. Pinkhams face was known across the country. Like most Americans, she was convinced that Divine Providence had stocked the promised land with vegetables and herbs unknown elsewhere, w

38、hich could cure disease. Mrs. Pinkham received the basic formula for her nostrum as payment for a debt owed by her husband. As a result of severe economic hardships for her family, she began heavy promotion of the medicine in Boston newspapers in 1876, and her son attached his mothers picture to the

39、 product. Thus was born modem advertising. Mrs. Pinkham was popular with her female followers for her feminist bent, and for the fact that she encouraged them to write her for advice. An analysis of the compound by the AMA in 1914 revealed that it was 20 percent alcohol, with the rest made of vegeta

40、ble extracts.1.What aspect of patent medicine does the passage mainly discuss?2.The author implies that which of the following was the reason why most manufacturers preferred not to seek patents on their medicines?3.According to paragraph 3, the result of marketing the penny press at a mass audience

41、 was（ ）.4.Which of the following did patent medicine and the penny press have in common, according to the passage?5.Why does the author mention Mrs. Pinkharns photo?问题1选项A.The dangersB.Why is was so popularC.As an example of quackeryD.The most successful products问题2选项A.They made mare money from the

42、bottle than the contentsB.They considered it wasnt necessary because of the high demand for these productsC.The patent legislation was not an effective protection against copiesD.They usually blended common products into medicines问题3选项A.a decrease in revenueB.decreased subscriptionsC.increased adver

43、tisingD.increased sales of patent medicines问题4选项A.An approach to gaining attention of the publicB.A belief in advertisingC.The need to recover moneyD.Amass audience问题5选项A.Because of her sonB.As an example of the promotional approachC.To help explain why she was so popular with womenD.Because of her

44、husband【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.试题解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了专利药品在美国的起源以及当时销售的渠道；第二段主要介绍了专利权立法的作用以及制造商用它保护药品的产品包装，而不是药物本身的配方；第三段主要讲述了专利药广告在报纸上的刊登，能带来销量；第四段以具体的例子，介绍专利药受欢迎的原因。因此B选项“为什么这么受欢迎”最符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的But most manufacturers did not seek patents on the formulas for their medicines, since

45、these were often combinations of common products like alcohol and vegetable extracts which they preferred not to reveal.（但是大多数制造商并没有为他们的药物的配方申请专利，因为这些药品通常是他们不愿意透露的普通产品的组合，如酒精和蔬菜提取物）可知D选项“他们通常将普通产品混合成药品”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的The penny press, begun by Benjamin Day in 1833 was marketed at a mass audienc

46、e and cost just one cent per issue. To recover revenue lost from subscription prices, Day and others sought profits through advertising.（由Benjamin Day于1833年创办的廉价在大众受众中销售，每期仅售一分钱。为了弥补订阅价格损失的收入，Day和其他人通过广告寻求利润）可知向大众推销廉价报纸的结果是收入的减少，因此选A。4.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的To recover revenue lost from subscription prices,

47、Day and others sought profits through advertising. Patent medicine was perfect product to advertise in penny papers since its sensational claims buttressed the sensational bent of the news and stories in them.（为了弥补订阅价格损失的收入，Day和其他人通过广告寻求利润。专利药是在廉价报纸上做广告的完美产品，由于其耸人听闻的说法支持了新闻和故事的耸人听闻的倾向）可知专利药在报纸上做广告的目

48、的是为了吸引观众，销售其产品来获利，廉价报纸的发行也是为了获利，因此选C。5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的的As a result of severe economic hardships for her family, she began heavy promotion of the medicine in Boston newspapers in 1876, and her son attached his mothers picture to the product. Thus was born modem advertising.（由于家庭经济困难，她于1876年开始在波士顿报纸上大

49、力推广这种药物，她的儿子把她的照片贴在产品上。因此，现代广告诞生了）可知作者提及Mrs. Pinkharns photo的照片是把其当作推销手段中的一个例子，因此选B。16. 单选题It took this disabled boy a long time to（ ）the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college.问题1选项A.come up withB.come down withC.come up toD.come to terms with【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come up with“提出、想出”；

50、B选项come down with “染上病、付钱”；C选项come up to“达到、符合”；D选项come to terms with“妥协、屈服”，句意为：这个残疾的男孩过了很长时间才接受了他没有资格上大学的事实。选项D符合题意，因此选D。17. 单选题Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his subject,（ ）extensively outside of it.问题1选项A.much more to readB.much less to r

51、eadC.still more readingD.much less reading【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。因题干中谓语动词find 的真正宾语为to read.，所以选项中也应有不定式。因此可排除含有动名词reading 的C项和D项。A项中的 much more意为“更加，何况”，与题干语意相矛盾。B项 much less 意为“更不用说，更何况”，符合题意。18. 单选题In finance, opportunity cost analysis refers to the amount that could have been made in other investments（

52、 ） the expected investment return.问题1选项A.compared inB.as comparingC.comparedD.compared with【答案】D【解析】语法（分词做状语）题。分析题干结构可知，空格后的“the expected investment return预计投资收益”在原句中充当状语成分，它的逻辑主语是the amount,需要用表示被动的过去分词，排除B选项；固定搭配be compared with，表示“与相比”，所以D选项正确。19. 单选题Naturally, in a group of animals as diverse as

53、 the snakes, and with so many varied enemies, there are numerous defensive reactions and devices. There is, however, one general pattern of behavior, in the presence of a suspected enemy the first reaction is to try to escape observation; if this fails, the next resort is flight to some inaccessible

54、 retreat, but if this is not possible, or is circumvented, various kinds of intimidatory gestures and warning devices are brought into play; in the last resort the snake attacks. This pattern varies with the circumstances; some stages may be omitted or combined unpredictably whilst; some notoriously

55、 irascible species may dispense with all the preliminaries and attack almost at once, though seldom or never without some provocation.Amongst the factors that increase aggressiveness are hunger, the mating season and surprise, with the last mentioned the commonest; when hunting for food or for mates

56、, activity and the aggressive instinct are both at their peak, but it is when it is caught unawares that the normal chain of re-actions tends to become telescoped. Owing to their poor sense of hearing, snakes are very liable to be, quite literally, caught napping and a similar situation arises durin

57、g their periods of temporary blindness just before sloughing begins. By far the greatest number of snake-bite accidents result from the unwitting disturbance of resting snakes, and this hazard is much increased with species that are well camouflaged and whose natural instinct is to trust to this con

58、cealment as their principal defense. As well as differences in aggressiveness between individuals of the same species according to the circumstances and conditions, there are also notable differences between species, even closely allied species; and the reports of those who have been attacked may un

59、derstandably be lacking in objectivity. So it is impossible to forecast, even in outline, how any encounter will develop.The Hamadryad, for example, is usually credited with being amongst the most aggressive of snakes, and there are many accounts of unprovoked attacks, yet on one occasion fourteen m

60、en and seven dogs passed and returned within two yards from a nest and no snake was seen although the female, which guards the nest, could not have been far away.1.When a snake meets a potential enemy, its primary device is（ ）.2.By “dispense with all the preliminaries” (the last sentence, Para. l.),

61、 the author most probably means that（ ）.3.A snake is most aggressive when（ ）.4.It is difficult to predict what would happen when a snake meets a man because（ ）.5.The author uses the example in the last paragraph to support his idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.avoiding any observationB.finding a safe shelterC.giv

62、ing a warning threatD.starting a quick问题2选项A.the snakes combine all the previous three steps.B.the snakes give up all the previous steps.C.the snakes follow all the previous steps one by one.D.the snakes reverse the order of all the previous steps.问题3选项A.it meets a possible enemyB.it is caught when it is sleeping or sloughingC.it is disturbed unknowinglyD.it seeks a partner in the mating season问题4选项A.no one has ever clearly known how he himself was bitB.man tends to be subjective when he describes his encounter with a snakeC.the aggre