2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷40

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a

2、quality they called preparation for future learning. The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (although the college students had better spelling skills).

3、 From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystem and extinction, major scientific ideas.The researchers decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to

4、create recovery plans. On this task, they found eagles and their habitats. Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles (“How big are they? and What do they eat?). The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learn

5、ed how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondary schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of peoples scientific inquiry. We found

6、 that we taught participants to ask “What if?” and “How can? questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibitasking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their result

7、s. Specifically, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry i

8、nto the science content found in exhibits.This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional settings. Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much

9、ground to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere. Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment, say, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have a robust informal learning system tha

10、t gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on holidays and weekends.1.What is traditional educators interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph?2.In what way are college students different from children?3.What is the benefit of asking questions with no rea

11、dy answers?4.What is said to be the advantage of informal learning?5.What does the author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problemsB.College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing facts.C.Educati

12、on has not paid enough attention to major environment issuesD.Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas问题2选项A.They have learned to think critically.B.They are concerned about social issues.C.They are curious about specific featuresD.They have learned to work indepen

13、dently问题3选项A.It arouses students interest in things around themB.It cultivates students ability to make scientific inquiriesC.It trains students ability to design scientific experimentsD.It helps students realize not every question has an answer问题4选项A.It allows for failuresB.It charges no tuitionC.I

14、t is entertainingD.It meets practical needs问题5选项A.Train students to think about global issuesB.Design more interactive classroom activitiesC.Make full use of informal learning resourcesD.Include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“traditional educat

15、or”定位到第一段最后一句“From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystem and extinction, major scientific ideas.”从传统教育家的立场来看，这一结果表明，学校教育未能帮助学生思考生态系统和灭绝，这是主要的科学思想。也就是说，教育未能引导学生思考主要的科学思想。选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“John Bransford

16、和Daniel Schwartz发现，区分年轻人和儿童的不在于他们是否能够记住事实或将之前的知识应用到新环境中，而在于他们称之为为未来学习做准备的素质。”再根据第二段最后一句“The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.大学生培养了问问题的能力，这是批判性思维的基石。他们学会了如何学习。”选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“to ask “What if?”

17、and “How can?” questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration.问“如果会怎样?”和“怎么可能?”等一些没有人知道答案的问题，将会引发探索。”所以选项B“培养学生科学探究的能力”符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools.”非正式的学习环境比学校更能容忍失败。选项A符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“我们的

18、社会依赖于他们能够对自己的医疗做出关键性的决定，或者说我们必须为全球能源需求做些什么。为此，我们有一个强大的非正式学习系统，不打分，适用于所有人群，甚至在节假日和周末也可以使用。”也就是说，作者建议教育者们充分利用非正式学习系统的资源。选项C符合原文。2. 单选题That truck driver no longer（ ）himself in drinking after experiencing the accident.问题1选项A.inducedB.immersedC.devotedD.indulged【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项induce“诱导”；B选项immerse“浸入”

19、；C选项devote“致力于”；D选项indulge“沉溺，满足，放任”。句意：在经历了那次事故后，那个卡车司机就不再放任自己喝酒。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题Nine of the ten campuses of the University of California led by Berkeley once again made it into an annual ranking of the worlds leading universities. Alls well in California higher education, it might seem.But that is n

20、ot what Pat Brown or Clark Kerr would say, were they alive today. They were, respectively, governor of the state and president of the University of California in 1960, when California adopted a “master plan that became an international model. Their aim was not only to have excellent public universit

21、ies, but to give the states population nearly universal and free access to them. Some pupils would so-called community colleges for a two-year vocational programme, others one of the (now 23) campuses of the California State University, and the best might go to a UC campus.In order to assure access

22、for all, tuition charges were banned only “fees” for some costs other than education were allowed. Most funding was to come from taxpayers. The premise was that higher education was a public good for the state, which was nursing its own future entrepreneurs and taxpayers. As Mr. Kerr put it, the uni

23、versities were “bait” to be hung in front of industry, with drawing power greater than low taxes or cheap labor.That consensus has been overturned. In 1990, the state paid 78% of the cost of educating each student. That ratio dropped to 47% last year, and will fall even more during the current acade

24、mic year, after the latest round of budget cuts, overseen by Jerry Brown, the current governor and son of Pat Brown. In some ways, California has now inverted the priorities of the older Browns era. Spending on prisons passed spending on universities in around 2004.This has led to concerns that publ

25、ic universities might lose their excellence. It takes money to attract the best professors, and the best students follow them. An alternative to worse public universities, however, is quasi-privatized ones. That seems to be the route taken in California.Thus students will this year, for the first ti

26、me, pay more for tuition than the state gives in funding. This follows years of tuition fee increases far steeper than the average at American public universities. A place at a UC campus can easily now cost $13,000, or $31000 including housing, given Californias high costs.To raise other revenues, t

27、he various campuses also admit ever more out-of-state students (who pay three times more) and, target rich graduates for more donations. Led by the business and law schools, they behave increasingly like private universities, in other words. This strategy retains pockets of excellence. But it also r

28、uns counter to the philosophy of the master plan, by pricing ever more Californian families out of a place. The state now ranks 41st in the number of college degrees awarded for every 100 of its high school graduates.1.Pat Brown and Clark Kerr attempted to set up excellent public universities, as we

29、ll as（ ）.2.What does Mr. Kerr imply by saying “bait” to be hung in front of industry (Line4, Para. 3)?3.What is the concern on the public universities since the state spending on universities has dropped?4.Campuses in California receive students from other states for the purpose of（ ）.5.What can we

30、infer from the passage about higher education in California?问题1选项A.building an international model of universities around the worldB.competing with the so-called community colleges in the stateC.offering common and free access to universities to the states populationD.providing a two-year vocational

31、 program for the states population问题2选项A.The universities foster to-be elites for industryB.The tuition fees are banned in the universitiesC.The higher education is a state welfareD.The universities are more attractive than low taxes or cheap labor.问题3选项A.To be unable to attract the best professorsB

32、.To be unable to maintain their excellenceC.To be high-pricedD.To be quasi-privatized问题4选项A.getting more donationsB.behaving like private universitiesC.making up shortage of graduatesD.improving other earnings问题5选项A.Children from Californian families cant obtain the education due to the high costs.B

33、.It has moved towards private universities along with its development.C.It is only nursing its own future entrepreneurs and taxpayers.D.It produces fewer company founders, inventors and taxpayers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“Pat Brown and Clark Kerr”定位到第二段的内容“Their aim was not only

34、 to have excellent public universities, but to give the states population nearly universal and free access to them.他们的目标不仅是拥有优秀的公立大学，而且要让该州的人口几乎可以免费进入这些大学。”选项C符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据关键词“bait”所在句子的上文“The premise was that higher education was a public good for the state, which was nursing its own future entre

35、preneurs and taxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一种公共利益，为未来培养自己的企业家和纳税人。”也就是说，大学是挂在工业面前的“诱饵”指的是大学培养工业精英。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段首句“This has led to concerns that public universities might lose their excellence.”这导致人们担心公立大学可能会失去它们的优势。也就是无法保持自己的优势，选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“To raise other revenues, the various campuses

36、 also admit ever more out-of-state students.为了增加其他收入，各个校区还招收了越来越多的外州学生。”选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“Led by the business and law schools, they behave increasingly like private universities, in other words.换句话说，在商学院和法学院的领导下，它们（州立大学）的行为越来越像私立大学。”选项B符合原文。选项A和C表述均不正确，选项D在文中没有提及。4. 单选题The actress（ ）the term

37、s of her contract and was sued by the producer.问题1选项A.isolatedB.signedC.implementedD.violated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项isolated“使孤立，使分离”；B选项signed“署名，写下”；C选项implemented“实施，执行”；D选项violated“违反”。句意：这位女演员违反了合同条款，被制片人告上了法庭。选项D更符合语境。5. 单选题Dont smoke in the meeting room. The smoke（ ）my eyes.问题1选项A.disturbsB.bother

38、sC.upsetsD.irritates【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；B选项bother“麻烦，打扰”；C选项upset“使心烦，扰乱”；D选项irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：请不要在会议室吸烟，烟熏得我眼睛难受。也就是说眼睛受到了刺激，所以选项D正确。6. 单选题Over 350 million people speak English as their（ ）language.问题1选项A.nativeB.motherC.femaleD.national【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。native language意为“本地语言”；mother la

39、nguage意为“母语”，符合句意。C选项female“女性的”；D选项national“国家的”均不符合句意。7. 单选题You should（ ）yourself with the relevant facts before making a decision.问题1选项A.acquaintB.acquireC.acknowledgeD.attempt【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项acquaint“使熟悉，使认识”；B选项acquire“获得”；C选项acknowledge“承认，答谢”；D选项attempt“企图，尝试”。句意：在做决定之前，你应该熟悉相关的事实。选项A符合句意。8

40、. 单选题Since the couple could not（ ） their difference, they decided to get a divorce.问题1选项A.reconcileB.complyC.coincideD.resign【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reconcile“调和，使一致”；B选comply“遵守，顺从”；C选项coincide“一致，符合”；D选项resign“辞职”。句意：由于这对夫妇无法调和他们之间的分歧，他们决定离婚。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题If each representative present here makes his us

41、ual speech, the meeting will be （ ）more than an hour.问题1选项A.expandedB.prolongedC.delayedD.exceeded【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项expand“扩张”；B选项prolong“延长”；C选项delay“延迟”；D选项exceed“超过”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一样发言，会议将延长一个多小时。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurism Sohaii Inayatullah a

42、nd Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non一Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed

43、alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University-a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of

44、 lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under

45、the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education marked, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could

46、undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly

47、likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content -or other dangerswill necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental miss

48、ion of university education. What if for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist schol

49、ar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow s university faculty, instead of givin

50、g lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, w

51、ould function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidleys view the most cha

52、llenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems title reason to suppos

53、e that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be enrolled in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between-or even during- sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction

54、, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions

55、 into practical, sustainable realities.1.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential of the Internet University?3.According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?4.Judging from the three

56、 new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers（ ）.5.Which category of writing does the review belong to?问题1选项A.he is in favour of itB.his view is balancedC.he is slightly critical of itD.he is strongly critical of it问题2选项A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than t

57、raditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.Internet -based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.问题3选项A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social prob

58、lems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.D.Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning问题4选项A.are required to conduct more independent research.B.are required to offer more courses to their studentsC.are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD.are supposed to

59、supervise more students in their specialty问题5选项A.NarrationB.DescriptionC.PersuasionD.Exposition【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.观点态度题。根据原文可知，第二段讲到了网络大学的优势，第三段提到，网络大学也带来了危险，由此可知，他们的态度是客观的不偏不倚的，所以选项B正确。2.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education

60、in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work. 除了实施严格的标准化课程，这种盒子里的大学教育可能会以低于许多传统实体院校的价格出售资料，有效地迫使它们停业，并导致数千名职业学者失业。”选项A“互联网课程可能比传统课程更便宜”符合原文；选项B“传统学校的教师可能会失业”正

61、确；选项C“互联网课件在课程内容上可能缺乏多样性”与原文“实施标准化课程”相符，只有选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选D。3.判断推理题。根据第五段的内容“学术界的许多人，包括撰写本卷的学者，都在质疑大学教育的根本使命。例如，如果大学生和教授可以把他们的学习和研究工作集中在当地社区和世界上存在的问题上，而不是接受主要的技术培训和建立自己的职业生涯，那会怎么样?”由此可知，传统大学教育的根本使命是：接受主要的技术培训和建立自己的职业生涯。也就是学习知识和职业建设。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第四段的内容“Jennifer Gidley向我们展示了未来的大学教师们将如何扮演三个新角色，而

62、不再是讲课和进行独立研究。”由此可排除选项A；根据倒数第二句“A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. 第二个，导师将会像今天的教师顾问一样，但是可能会与更多自己专业外的学生合作。”由此可排除选项D；选项B在文中没有提及；所以只有选项C“需要承担更艰巨的任务”是正确的。5.判断推理题。本题问的是这篇文章的写作

63、类型，Narration记叙文；Description描述；Persuasion说服；Exposition说明文。选项A和D属于写作类型，选项B和C属于写作手法，所以首先排除选项B和C。再根据第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是Sohaii Inayatullah和Jennifer Gidley共同编撰的转型中的大学这本书中所提到的内容，属于说明文。所以选项D正确。11. 单选题Dangerous chemicals may（ ）through the soil into rivers. Free dumping of wastes should be prohibited.问题1选项A.spreadB.permeateC.perplexD.filter【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项spread“传播”；B选项permeate“弥漫，渗透”；C选项perplex“使困惑”；D选项filter“过滤，渗透”。句意：危险的化学物质可能渗入土壤进入河流。禁止随意倾倒废物。选项B符合句意。