2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷69

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1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 写作题Directions: You are given 30 minutes on this task. Write down your understanding of “It Pays to Be Honest” with no less than 150 words.【答案】略2. 单选题Climate and weather affect every（ ）of our lives.问题1选项A.factorB.respectC.aspectD.part【答案】C【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项factor“因素；

2、要素”；B选项respect“尊重；方面”，C选项aspect“方面；方向”，D选项part“部分；角色”；原句：气候和天气会影响我们生活的方方面面，固定搭配只能用aspect表示，因此C选项符合题意。3. 单选题Frank stormed into the room and（ ）the door, but it wasnt that easy to close the door on what Jack had said.问题1选项A.slashedB.slammedC.slippedD.slapped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项slashed“削减”；B选项slammed“砰地关

3、上，猛烈抨击”；C选项slipped“滑动”；D选项slapped“侮辱，拍击，掴耳光”。句意：弗兰克冲进房间，_的一声关上了门，但要把杰克说的话关起来可不容易。这里是“砰的一声把门关上的意思”，只有B选项可以表达这个意思，B选项符合题意。4. 单选题It is doubtful that she has（ ）the role of the Prime Minister in British politics.问题1选项A.TransplantedB.transferredC.transportedD.transformed【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transplanted“移植；

4、转移”，B选项transferred“转让；转接；移交”，C选项transported“运输；流放”，D选项transformed“改变（尤指角色），使变形”；题干：她是否（ ）英国政坛首相的角色令人怀疑。根据剩下的题意可以判断指她是否改变了英国政治中首相的角色值得怀疑。5. 单选题To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an（ ）between an eye and a camera.问题1选项A.imageB.analogyC.imitationD.axis【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项image“影像

5、，想象，肖像”；B选项analogy“类比，类推，类似”；C选项imitation“模仿，仿造，仿制品”；D选项axis“轴，轴线，轴心国”。句意：为了帮助学生理解我们是如何看东西的，老师经常把眼睛和照相机作_。这里表达的是“作类比”，因此B选项符合题意。6. 单选题The Home Secretary has been asked to（ ）because the Union leaders and their employers cannot agree on a course of action.问题1选项A.meditateB.negotiateC.interveneD.reconci

6、le【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项meditate“考虑，计划”；B选项negotiate“谈判，商谈”；C选项intervene“干涉，调停”；D选项reconcile“调停，调解”。句意：内务大臣已被要求进行（ ），因为工会领导人和他们的雇主无法就行动方案达成一致。本句表达的含义是“内务大臣被要求进行干预”，因此C选项符合题意。7. 单选题If this kind of fish becomes（ ）, future generations may never taste it at all.问题1选项A.minimumB.shortC.seldomD.scarce【答案】D【

7、解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项minimum“最小化（一般指数据之类的）”，B选项short“短的；短小的”，C选项seldom“很少；不常（一般指频率）”，D选项scarce“稀少的，稀缺的”；原句意思是说如果这种鱼变得稀缺，其余选项代入均不符合题意，因此D选项符合题意。句意为：如果这种鱼变得稀缺，未来的几代人可能再也吃不到它了。8. 单选题They were forced to（ ）on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the longish winter.问题1选项A.skimpB.exhaustC.stin

8、gyD.count【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项skimp “克扣，对不够用心”；B选项exhaust“使精疲力尽，耗尽，彻底探讨”；C选项stingy“吝啬的，小气的，有刺的”；D选项count“总数，数数”。句意：他们被迫在生活必需品上_，以使有限的物资能够度过漫长的冬天。根据后文说“有限的物资”，可以看出他们的物资缺乏，因此是“被迫在必需品上锱铢必较”，因此A选项符合题意。9. 单选题Many social problems are caused by the uneven（ ）of wealth.问题1选项A.distributionB.peaceC.justiceD.sect

9、ion【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项distribution“分配，分布”；B选项peace“和平”；C选项justice“公平，公正”；D选项section“部分，部门”。句意：许多社会问题是由财富（ ）不均引起的。这句话要表达的意思是“财富的分配不均导致了社会问题”，因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife（ ）for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up

10、 on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“野生动植物的保护（抽象概念）”；B选项“维护，保持”；C选项“贮藏（量）”；D选项“自然保护区；居住地”，句意：一些科学家提出，地球是智能太空生物的一种动物园或野生动物（ ），就像我们在地球上设立的荒野区，让动物在我们观察时自然发展。本句表示“wildlife reserve是野生动植物保护区（具体概念）”，因此D选项

11、符合题意。11. 单选题Ann used to（ ）when we went to the same school. But now she is always on time.问题1选项A.being lateB.lateC.be lateD.getting late【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语。结合题干和选项可知本题考查非谓语，而used to后面要加动词原形表示“过去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合语法规则。句意：我们在同一所学校时，安总是迟到。但是现在她总是很准时。12. 单选题The（ ）of older persons is relatively low in developin

12、g countries, but it is growing much faster than in the West.问题1选项A.additionB.majorityC.percentageD.statistic【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项addition“添加，增加物”；B选项majority“多数，成年”；C选项percentage“百分比”；D选项statistic“统计资料，统计学”。句意：发展中国家的老年人（ ）相对较低，但其增长速度却比西方国家快得多。这里要表达的是“老年人的比例相对较低”这个意思，因此C选项正确。13. 单选题The gang derived the

13、ir nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.问题1选项A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“非法的，违法的”；B选项“夜间，夜晚”；C选项“残忍的，野蛮的”；D选项“辱骂的，滥用的”；题干nocturnal“夜的，夜间的”，句意：这伙人的绰号来源于他们夜间在森林里袭击时穿的深色衣服和涂黑的脸。因此B选项最符合题意。14. 单选题The long-term fortunes of

14、 the modern economy depend in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends. This basic, but often overlooked, principle is now at work in the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in th

15、e global economic crisis. That is, one reason that some of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. Persistent sub-replaceme

16、nt fertility eventually translates into fewer workers relative to retirees, which puts tremendous strains on public offers and the economy as a whole. Indeed, one recent study finds that almost half the recent run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last decades.E

17、ven China may see its sky-high growth “come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks” because of its one-child policy, as Carlos Cavalle and I argues in a recent reportThe Sustainable Demographic Dividend. By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more fav

18、orable demographics than China over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow. In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century. Finally, its not just fertility that mat

19、ters, its also marriage. At least in the west, children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an intact, married family. In the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete coll

20、ege and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married family.And around the globe, men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort and attention when they are married; this is one reason men worldwide enjoy “marriage premium” in their income, ranging fro

21、m about 14 percent (Mexico) to 19 percent (United States) to 35 percent (Russia). So, at least when it comes to men research suggests that marriage has important implications for worker productivity.The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of fa

22、milies, and their stability and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.1.The main idea of this passage is that（ ）.2.One reason that the worlds leading economies are facing fiscal challenges is that（ ）.3.“.its work force is poised to grow” (Para. 3) probably means（ ）.

23、4.From the passage we know that（ ）.5.According to the passage, all the following can affect economy EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.暂缺B.both marriage and fertility affect a countrys economyC.marriage has important implications for worker productivityD.India will outpace Chinas economic growth rate by the end of th

24、e century问题2选项A.there is a global economic crisis in recent yearsB.there are fewer babies, and consequently, people spend less on many commoditiesC.people in these countries have fewer children than needed to replace the population for many yearsD.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and t

25、he economy as a whole问题3选项A.its work force pauses to growB.its work force continues to grow fastC.its work force continues to grow steadilyD.its work force grows slowly问题4选项A.children from an intact, married family are more likely to have a better lifeB.the more people a country has, the stronger ec

26、onomy it will haveC.the health of the global economy depends entirely on individual familiesD.men are likely to work harder when they are going to have children问题5选项A.the size of familiesB.the stability of familiesC.the quality of familiesD.men and women ratio within the families【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第

27、4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。在第二段的第一句话The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.（婚姻和生育率的下降是全球经济危机的一个因素。）之后的段落也是就这一点进行了具体阐释，因此B选项“婚姻和生育都会影响一个国家的经济”正确。C选项“婚姻对工人的生产力有重要的影响”，与原文不符；D选项“到本世纪末，印度的经济增长率将超过中国”，在原文的第三段In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to u

28、se this demographic advantage to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century. （事实上，兰德公司的研究表明，到本世纪末，印度可能会利用这一人口优势超过中国的经济增长速度。）确实有提到，但是并不是文章的主旨。2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段That is, one reason that some of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare

29、 facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. （世界主要经济体从日本到意大利，西班牙对欧元区作为一个整体所面临的财政挑战的是，他们的生育率已经低于人口更替水平（平均每个妇女生育2.1个孩子）几十年了。）因此C选项“这些国家的人生育的孩子比替换人口所需的要少的事情持续了多年”正确。A选项“近年来，全球出现了经济危机”，文章没有说这是原因之一；B选项“婴儿越来越少，因此，人们在许多商品上花

30、的钱越来越少”，文章没有提出这个观点；D选项“国库和整个经济都承受着巨大的压力”这也不是财政面临问题的原因。3.语义推测题。首先定位到句子后面说By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than China over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow.（相比之下，兰德公司（Rand）最近的一项研究表明，在未来几十年里，印度的人口结构将比中国更有利，因为它的劳动

31、力将继续增长。）根据句子说印度的人口结构更加有利，可以知道他们的劳动力将会继续稳步上升，因此C选项“劳动力持续稳定增长”正确。A选项“它的劳动力暂停增长”不合题意；B选项“它的劳动力继续快速增长”快速是没有提到的；D选项“它的劳动力增长缓慢”与原文不符。4.判断推理题。定位到倒数第三段In the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were rai

32、sed in an intact, married family.（例如，在美国，如果孩子在一个完整的已婚家庭中长大，他们更有可能从高中毕业，完成大学学业，并在年轻时获得有收入的工作。）因此A选项“来自完整的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能拥有更好的生活”正确。B选项“一个国家的人口越多，它的经济就会越强”，不符合题意，是要人口结构更好，才会经济发展更快；C选项“全球经济的健康完全取决于单个家庭”，绝对化表达，并且不符合题意；D选项“男人在要孩子的时候可能会更努力工作”，与原文不符，原文是说的“婚后”，并不是“要孩子的时候”。5.判断推理题。根据题干和选项定位到最后一段The bottom-line m

33、essage is that what happens in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of families, and their stability and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.（最重要的信息是，家庭的规模、家庭的稳定性和质量对全球经济的健康有着重要的影响。）因此只有D选项“家庭中的男女比例”是没有提及的。A选项“家庭的规模”；B选项“家庭的稳定性”；C选项“家庭的质量”都是原文提到了的。15. 单

34、选题Dont let his criticism（ ） you; he belongs to the kind of people who always take great delight in finding fault with others behavior.问题1选项A.persuadeB.concernC.dismissD.discourage【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“说服”；B选项concern“影响，牵扯”；C选项dismiss“解散，解雇”；D选项discourage“阻止，使气馁”。句意：不要因为他的批评而（ ）；他是那种喜欢对别人的行为吹毛求

35、疵的人。本句表达的意思“不要因为他的批评而气馁”，因此D选项符合题意。16. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled My View on Job-hopping in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines:1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为2.有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为3.你的观点【答案】略17. 翻译题American psychologists

36、hold that there are several components to having high “emotional intelligence.” First is self-awareness, because you can only be in control of your life and your relationships if you know yourself. Second is being able to properly manage your emotions, so you can control your feelings rather than le

37、tting them control you. Third is being self-motivated, and being able to get through tough times and start over. The fourth is being receptive to other peoples emotions, which is crucial for effective communication and healthy relationships. The fifth is being able to manage you relationships, which

38、 includes leadership and professional management skills.【答案】美国心理学家认为，情商包括以下几个方面的内容：一是认识自己的情绪，只有认识自己，才能成为自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情绪，即能调控自己。三是自我激励，它能够使人走出生命中的低潮，重新出发。四是认识他人的情绪，这是与他人正常交流顺利沟通的基础。五是人际关系的管理，即领导和管理能力。18. 单选题The door closed behind Tweed as he scanned the handsomely（ ）double room which overlooked

39、Albemarle Street.问题1选项A.furnishedB.finishedC.suppliesD.provided【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语辨析。A选项furnished“有家具的”，B选项finished“完成的；结束的”，C选项supplied“有提供的”，D选项provided“假如；倘若”，然后带入原文的句意得出句子应该是想形容这个房间“装饰的很好”，因此A选项符合题意。句意为：门在特威德身后关上了，他扫视着俯瞰阿尔伯马尔街的那间陈设华丽的双人房。19. 单选题W. Somerset Maugham afterwards walked the wards of St. T

40、homass Hospital（ ）practicing in medicine.问题1选项A.with a view toB.with regards toC.with the aim atD.with the object for【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项with a view to“着眼于，考虑到，意在，以为目的”，表示会尽力去完成自己所追求的这件事；B选项with regards to“关于，至于”；C选项with the aim at“为了”，aim常指短期内的目标，往往比较具体、实际、明确，不是理想性的，努力程度一般；D选项with the object for“目的是

41、”，object常指比较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，没有明确表明是否会尽力。句意：后来，W.萨默塞特毛姆走进圣托马斯医院的病房，（ ）行医。而毛姆是想要迫切做好这件事的，因此A选项符合题意。20. 单选题Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.问题1选项A.secret planB.bold attackC.clever designD.joint effort【答案】A【解析】考查名词词组辨析。A选项“秘密计划”；B选项“大胆的攻击”；C选项“巧妙的设计”；D选项“共同努力”；题干中conspiracy“阴谋，共谋”，句意：他们在条约上的签字被认为是一个反对英国王室的阴谋。因此A选项最符合题意。